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Autophagy has been reported to have an important role in glioblastoma temozolomide resistance but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors identify RFC4-STK38-BECN1 complex as a driver of autophagy activation and subsequent temozolomide resistance in preclinical models of glioblastoma.

Mutations in the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) cause spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Here, the authors report that estrildid finches naturally carry an analogous pathogenic mutation found in patients but avoid the syndrome by lowering a related receptor’s activity. Blocking this receptor successfully treats OHSS in mice.

Molecular devices offer the potential for the scalability and energy efficiency required to develop energy-sustainable AI. Zhang et al. report a single-molecule neuromorphic device that consumes 6.34 aJ per operation and support both short-term to long-term memory, featuring over 10 distinct conductance states.

Treatment failure exists in Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) patients. Here this group reports a phase 2 randomized trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of adding nimotuzumab, to CCRT on 246 patients with untreated, non-keratinising, stage II–IVA LA-NPC.

Despite rapid development of model algorithms, more evidence is needed on the widespread clinical implementation of auto-segmentation tools. In this prospective, multicenter, observational trial, the authors find that AI-assisted delineation performs better than manual delineation while improving time efficiency and reducing performance metrics variability across centers and physicians with varying expertise.

Fe3GaTe2 is a room temperature van der Waals ferromagnet, which, despite having a centrosymmetric crystal structure, has both a large Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and hosts topological spin textures. Here, Xia, Luo, Malik and coauthors unravel this mystery, showing the critical role of field cooling in the breaking of inversion symmetry in Fe3GaTe2.

The properties of small-sized carbon dots have been exploited to generate theranostic agents for bioimaging and imaging-guided cancer therapies. Here the authors report the design and characterization of D-π-A sensitized carbon dots for type-I/II photodynamic therapy (PDT), showing PDT-induced anti-tumor activity in preclinical models.

Researchers developed a light-driven electrochemical system featuring a palladium–titania cathode that generates highly reactive electrons, enabling efficient reductive degradation of “forever chemicals” in contaminated water.

Supported noble metal catalysts are vital for industrial, environmental, and energy applications, but precisely tuning active-site geometry remains challenging beyond conventional particle size control. Here, the authors present a perovskite-based surface defect engineering strategy that enables atomic-level regulation of noble metal active sites for improved hydrocarbon oxidation.

Osteoarthritis is driven by epigenetic dysregulation, yet targeted therapies remain elusive. Here, the authors develop a cartilage-targeting hydrogel delivering BRD4-degrading PROTACs to suppress the BRD4- Nav1.7 axis and alleviate osteoarthritis.

Hygroscopic gels can harvest atmospheric water but face efficiency challenges. Here, authors developed a heterogeneous gel with a pectin shell and graphene oxide core, enhancing water uptake and release. This design achieves high water yield and rapid desorption, outperforming existing systems.

Metabolic reprogramming toward glycolysis is a hallmark of pathological cardiac hypertrophy, but the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Here the authors show that the adipokine, asprosin, drives hypertrophic metabolic remodeling by stabilizing PFKP and activating a YY1–asprosin–PFKP–PDK4–PDH axis.

Pathological mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) are not fully understood. Here authors show that stress-induced Sgk1 upregulation in basolateral amygdala neurons projecting to the hippocampus as a key mechanism underlying the delayed PTSD-like avoidance behavior in mice.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disease of premature infants with unclear mechanisms. Here, the authors show that CD177⁺ neutrophil–platelet aggregates promote neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-linked thromboinflammation in NEC and that blocking CD177/NET formation or low-molecular-weight heparin alleviates disease in mouse models.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) combined with immunotherapy have improved outcomes in advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC), yet resistance persists. This group presents single-cell transcriptomic profiling of aRCC patients treated with TKIs and immune checkpoint inhibitors, uncovering an immunosuppressive microenvironment linked to therapeutic resistance.

Using artificial intelligence, authors model how air pollution may increase susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. NPC1 is identified via genetic and laboratory analyses as a key pathway that enhances viral entry after exposure to fine particulate matter.

Here the authors show that marine diatoms produce tryptophanol, a molecule that at extremely low concentrations rapidly activates nitrogen assimilation genes and enzymes. This facilitates acquisition of nitrogen, a vital ocean nutrient.

Zanubrutinib is a second-generation BTK inhibitor, reported to have fewer off-target toxicities while maintaining comparable efficacy to previous BTK inhibitors. Here, the authors report the phase II CHESS trial evaluating frontline Zanubrutinib (second-generation BTK inhibitor) plus rituximab (anti-CD20) induction, followed by chemoimmunotherapy in patients with mantle cell lymphoma.

This study maps China’s rooftop PV potential across 349 cities through 2050. It reveals diverging trajectories where carbon mitigation peaks in 2035–2040, yet water and land savings rise continuously, highlighting PV system’s evolving systemic value.

Susceptibility of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection, is linked with HLA gene region with mechanisms unclear. The authors here show that the high-risk EBV subtype BALF2 upregulates HLA-DP, leading to CD8⁺ T cell exhaustion, and combined anti-LAG-3 and anti-PD-1 therapy improves anti-cancer efficacy.

In this study, the authors identify an Aurka–Bhlhe41 axis, which prevents microglia from aging-like dysfunction by limiting CD22 upregulation, preserving myelin debris clearance and remyelination, and highlighting a potential therapy target for neurodegeneration.

Han et al. report a highly conductive composite electrode with low equivalent sheet resistance of 1.5 Ω sq-1. A self-masking method is developed to prevent shunting caused by uneven grid surfaces, enabling flexible organic solar cells with efficiencies of 15.20% (4 cm² devices) and 14.24% (16 cm² devices).

The GABA_B receptor is a mandatory heterodimer. Here authors show the existence of GABA_B dimers of dimers in neurons, and their relevance in human health. By solving the structure of this tetramer, they show the structural basis for a negative cooperativity between the dimers within such a complex.

The mid-infrared (MIR) range of the electromagnetic spectrum can be indirectly accessed by frequency upconversion. Here, authors propose a phase-matching-free scheme for broadband and efficient upconversion, covering wavelengths from MIR to ultraviolet with high-order harmonics generated from a NbOI₂ crystal. MIR imaging is demonstrated with a standard silicon camera.

The COMPASSION16 trial showed survival benefits of cadonilimab plus standard therapy in advanced cervical cancer. Here, subgroup analysis confirms consistent progression-free and overall survival improvements across diverse patient profiles.

This study explores the role of protein hyperacetylation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). It identifies Dlat as a key regulator of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, offering insights for clinical HFpEF interventions.

This study reports selective CO₂ reduction to ethanol in pure water under natural sunlight using a carefully designed Cuδ⁺O/boron nitride flower heterostructured photocatalyst.

Inflammatory signaling profoundly influences cellular metabolism and stress responses. Here, the authors show that the IKK complex directly controls TFEB stability through β-TrCP2–dependent proteasomal degradation, mechanistically linking inflammation to lysosomal regulation.

High-latitude soils are future soil organic carbon loss hotspots, with losses dominated by particulate organic carbon (POC). The fraction of POC in total SOC (f_POC) is a key indicator, emphasizing the climate importance of preserving POC.

Determining the optimal start of the growing season presents a fundamental dilemma for plants. This meta-analysis suggests that plants exhibit high freezing resistance (to -12 °C) and low lethal frost risk (safety margin of 17 °C) during spring emergence, indicating strong long-term evolutionary pressure.

Large DNA viruses (LDVs) are unique members of the Earth’s biosphere but remain poorly understood in many ecosystems. In this study, the authors uncovered the diversity, ecological patterns and drivers of intertidal LDVs in intertidal mudflats through large-scale sampling and sequencing efforts.

Converting syngas into high-value long-chain alcohols is a major industrial challenge due to poor product selectivity. This study achieves 80% selectivity through a modular catalytic design that boosts carbon efficiency while minimizing waste.

The challenge of integrating multiple energy inputs impedes multi-energy water oxidation. Here, the authors report a pulsed-energy strategy using ultrasonic pretreatment for transient electrolyte polarization, promoting the Grotthuss-type OH⁻ transport and activating dual low-energy lattice oxygen pathways.

Maternal obesity is known to cause systemic lipid dysregulation, yet its effect on lipid reprogramming during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) remains unknown. Here, they show that obesity disrupts very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) storage in oocytes, impairing peroxisomal protein import in 2-cell embryos.

Using an evolutionary optimization approach, the authors report a culture medium that matures stem cell-derived heart cells, improving their structure, metabolism and electrical activity to advance highly functional models for in vitro testing.

Spin-orbit interactions (SOIs) of light are governed by Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase and commonly act on cross-polarized components of an electric field. Here, authors show that, in non-Hermitian metasurfaces, encircling an exceptional point can suppress, invert or double the PB phase accumulated with rotations, steering SOIs.

Mechanical computing is promising for environment-adaptive information processing, however existing methods have limited scalability. Here the authors report a polyaniline composite film enabling scalable logical operations.

The α-C–C cleavage of ketones provides a versatile route for C–C bond formation but remains challenging, particularly for selective cross-coupling between distinct ketones. Here the authors report a nickel- and photocatalysis-enabled deacylative coupling via bimolecular homolytic substitution to forge diverse C(sp³)–C(sp³) bonds.

Current recycling methods for polyurethane waste suffer from high reagent consumption, urethane byproduct generation, and limited economic value. Here, the authors demonstrate a selective cleavage—crosslink strategy using food-grade ethyl acetoacetate to break biuret crosslinks while preserving urethane/urea bonds in non-crosslinked regions intact.

Phosphorus locked in carbonate rocks from seven global sites shows simultaneous marine phosphorus spikes during major mass extinctions. Modelling ties high marine phosphorus to eutrophication, CO2 drawdown, and global cooling.

High-strength lightweight steels are vital for saving energy and enhancing safety in engineering applications. Here, the authors tune atomic-scale strain waves in a steel alloy to expand dislocation storage capacity, significantly enhancing strength-ductility synergy.

Current antiviral treatment approaches target specific Ebola virus species. Here, the authors develop bispecific antibodies with pan-ebolavirus neutralization capacity, structurally resolve the epitope and neutralization mode and show potent protection in a rodent model.

Resistance to radiation therapy remains a major challenge in treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). Here the authors identify N-acylneuraminate-9-phosphatase (NANP) as a potential radiosensitizing target, which promotes the mesenchymal state of GBM cells through modulating sialylation and internalization of TNFR1.

The electrochemical oxidation of glycerol is a promising strategy for sustainable clean energy, although it still faces several challenges. Here, the authors report a catalyst that can spontaneously generate a strong built-in electric field, thereby simultaneously enhancing both hydrogen evolution and glycerol oxidation reaction processes for low-voltage hydrogen production.

This work enables seamless fiber-to-fiber and fiber-to-chip mode-field conversions and establishes a universal multi-dimensional parallel communication architecture for next-generation high-capacity data transmission and management.

Chromatographic separation is controlled by thermodynamic and kinetics, but engineering both factors remains challenging. Here the authors demonstrate engineering of covalent organic framework from both thermodynamics and kinetics perspectives for chromatographic separation of halogenated isomers.

This study reveals that reduced TIGAR expression in ulcerative colitis promotes G6PD/6PGD lactylation, inhibiting NADPH production, and promotes Trx1 and AGR2 S-nitrosylation, impairing mature MUC2 synthesis and damaging the intestinal mucus barrier.

This study identifies GPR146 as a key regulator of fat–liver communication. In mice, reducing GPR146 in fat tissue lowers fat delivery to the liver and protects against obesity and fatty liver disease, highlighting a potential therapeutic target for MASLD.

Niche, also known as cesarean scar defect, is a long-term complication of cesarean sections (CS). Here the authors use single-cell RNA sequencing of niche, adjacent myometrium and well-healed cesarean scar tissue controls together with in vitro and vivo models to identify the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)–low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) axis as a regulator of CS niche healing.

The cellular pathology of Japanese encephalitis (JE) remains elusive. Here, the authors use spatial transcriptomics in JE mouse model and show that Ackr1⁺ endothelial cells and Ly6c2⁺ monocytes synergistically drive neuroinflammation, revealing potential therapeutic targets for neurotropic virus infections.