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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune condition and treatment options have limited efficacy. Here, by analysis clinical samples and employing preclinical models, the authors show that cGAMP levels are elevated in the plasma of patients with SLE and that loss of cGAS ameliorates symptoms in an imiquimod-induced lupus model. Importantly, they identify prasugel as a cGAS inhibitor with promising therapeutic potential.

In this study, the authors identify a microcircuit containing three subgroups of neurons associated with sensory-induced escape in the mouse temporal association cortex (TeA): sensory, sensory-motor decision and motor command neurons.

In this study, the authors present two distinct neuronal subpopulations, sharing a speed encoding model, in the mouse dorsal periaqueductal grey, controlling running and backing away behaviors, respectively.

The Kibble-Zurek mechanism describes universal scaling laws in the dynamics across a continuous or quantum phase transition driven in finite time, but it is limited to slow quenches. Here, by focusing on a holographic superfluid disk model, the authors advance beyond this framework and uncover universal statistics of topological defects that holds for both slow and fast quenches.

Lisinopril is identified as a BI1 activator that counteracts ALS pathology. It remodels lipid metabolism, restores autophagic flux via TGFβ1/mTOR signaling, and mitigates fibrosis. This multi-target mechanism supports the therapeutic repurposing of lisinopril for ALS.

The use of benzene ring contraction in chemical synthesis is challenging due to the need to disrupt aromaticity and generate highly strained intermediates. Now, a photothermal ring contraction reaction for the synthesis of multisubstituted fused pyridines is reported, from arylhydrazines and carbonyl compounds, via benzene ring contraction.

The genetic basis of low-temperature tolerance in maize is unclear. Here, the authors show that the type-A Response Regulator 1 (ZmRR1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK8) are positive and negative regulators of maize chilling tolerance, and ZmRR1 is phosphorylated by ZmMPK8 during cold treatment.

The integration of organic and enzymatic synthesis enhances molecule construction efficiency. Here, the authors present ChemEnzyRetroPlanner, an AI-driven platform for automated hybrid synthesis planning, improving synthesis route efficiency and sustainability.

Halide perovskites are promising optoelectronic materials, but their synthesis relies on coordinating solvents or molecules. Now a solvent-in-salt method is demonstrated for synthesizing lead halide perovskites. The method features enhanced environmental friendliness and safety and improves perovskite crystal quality.

The molecular heterogeneity of brain metastases (BrMs) poses challenges for their treatment. Here, the authors generate a multi-omic, single cell, and spatially resolved atlas of 1,032 pan-cancer BrMs and identify four molecular subtypes with distinct biological and clinical features.

An ion mobility-resolved mass cytometry method for single-cell metabolomics enables multidimensional metabolomic profiling. The approach was used to curate a metabolic single-cell atlas containing 45,603 primary liver cells from aging mice.

Here the authors show a general method to make alkoxide-based network-forming glasses with tunable properties by combining titanium, zirconium and boron-based nodes, multi-dentate alcohol linkers and mono-dentate alcohol modulators.

The Huayuan biota exhibits extraordinary biodiversity, illuminating the impact of the Phanerozoic mass extinction around 513 million years ago and offering critical insights into the transformation of global ecosystems in the early Cambrian.

He and colleagues develop a METTL3-based RNA base-editing screening strategy to identify functional N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) sites that are important for prostate cancer cells and validate the role of a top m⁶A target, CHD9, in this context.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

The high abundance of immunosuppressive, tumor-associated macrophages limits the efficacy of treatments against hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, the authors develop a nanoplatform for the co-delivery of FSP1 inhibitor and sorafenib that simultaneously targets tumor cells and M2-like macrophages, inducing ferroptosis and boosting anti-tumor immune responses in preclinical mouse models.

An integrated surface-enhanced Raman scattering navigation instrument allows the intraoperative classification of malignant-grade prostate tumours by simultaneously assessing tissue acidity and prostate-specific antigen enzymatic activity.

Chen et al. identify a brain-to-bone communication axis whereby extracellular vesicles from aged brain neurons transport WDFY1 protein to distal bone, driving bone-fat imbalance and promoting osteoporosis.

Nickelate superconductors attract enormous attention in the field of high-temperature superconductivity. Here the authors report observation of perfect diamagnetism and interfacial effect on the electronic structures in infinite layer Nd_0.8Sr_0.2NiO₂ superconductors.

Yang et al. compare neoadjuvant triple therapy versus direct hepatectomy in patients with resectable intermediate or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The findings indicate that the neoadjuvant regimen improves overall and event-free survival but is associated with a higher risk of serious adverse events and postoperative complications.

Copper is a CO₂ electroreduction catalyst consisting of at least two distinct active sites. Here, the authors report that the activities toward multicarbon products at these two sites can be independently tuned by modifying polyvinylpyridine to form distinct microenvironments.

Trained and validated on multimodal data from 14.5 million images from multicountry datasets, a foundation model is shown to increase diagnostic and referral accuracy of clinicians when used as an assistant in a trial involving 16 ophthalmologists and 668 patients.

How the vascular endothelial cells support the functional adaptation of pancreatic islets under obesity-associated metabolic stress is poorly understood. Here, the authors show that the ER stress sensor IRE1α employs its RNase activity to play an important regulatory role in this process.

Dense calcium imaging combined with co-registered high-resolution electron microscopy reconstruction of the brain of the same mouse provide a functional connectomics map of tens of thousands of neurons of a region of the primary cortex and higher visual areas.

A flexible micro-electrocorticography brain–computer interface that integrates a 256 × 256 array of electrodes, signal processing, data telemetry and wireless powering on a single complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor substrate can provide stable, chronic in vivo recordings.

The Kibble-Zurek mechanism and finite-time scaling provide descriptions of the driven critical dynamics from gapped initial states. Here, the authors generalize these theories to Dirac systems accommodating gapless initial states.

Authors converted waste ozonation catalysts into carbon-based nano-single-atom-site catalysts through in-situ carbonization of self-doped biological secretions, enabling efficient regeneration and resource reuse.

A modular nanobody-based approach assembles combination vaccines by stably attaching diverse antigens to hepatitis E virus-like particles, preserving native immunogenicity and inducing broad protection against respiratory pathogens.

The biological clock model LifeClock predicts biological age across all life stages from routine clinical data, revealing distinct pediatric and adult disease risk patterns.

A screen for protein degraders discovers hits by imaging cell survival.

Currently, there is limited understanding of the molecular subtypes of fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, the authors employ integrated genomics and transcriptomics to develop a CpG site-specific methylation signature for the identification of FH-deficient RCC, and to identify three distinct molecular subtypes for this rare but highly lethal kidney cancer.

An ex vivo model and pre-clinical study in a brain-dead recipient provide enzyme-converted O organs to avoid hyperacute rejection in ABO-incompatible kidney transplant patients.

Ultrathin metal sulphides are attractive components for electronic and optical devices and are promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Here, a universal, soft colloidal templating strategy is employed for the large-scale synthesis of uniform, ultrathin metal sulphide nanomaterials.

The intercellular disruption leading to persistent inflammation in diabetic wounds remains unclear. Here, Lv et al. identify that the moonlighting function of MAT2A mediates the senescence-inflammation communication between pericytes and macrophages, and provide a potential biomimetic senotherapy for wound regeneration.

Direct epitaxial growth of vertically stacked layered materials is a promising route towards scalable fabrication of van der Waals heterostructures. Here, the authors demonstrate molecular beam epitaxy of semiconducting MoSe₂on a hBN/Ru(0001) substrate.

Observations of γ-rays with energies up to 1.4 PeV find that 12 sources in the Galaxy are PeVatrons, one of which is the Crab Nebula.

This study maps the connections of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the mouse cortex, revealing distinct local and intercortical wiring patterns, and provides an open framework for exploring the connectivity of cell types.

Human embryonic stem cells are simultaneously capable of self-renewal and poised for differentiation. Here, the authors show a role for the ZNF263 transcription factor promotes primed pluripotency and facilitates differentiation into primary germ layer lineages.

The authors show that ECM organization, ROCK signaling and cell polarity interact to promote mesothelium formation to direct lung growth. Frem2 deficiency disrupts these interactions in the mesothelium to inhibit the growth of the lungs in mice and humans.

Single-photon emitters have been demonstrated in many wide-bandgap semiconductors and offer strong potential for quantum technology applications. Here the authors demonstrate room-temperature single-photon emission from β-gallium oxide, an emerging wide-bandgap semiconductor, opening new directions for research.

A new AI generative model leverages the use of synthetic images to effectively augment existing datasets, boosting performance across multiple medical applications