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Hepatitis C virus remains a health burden due to the lack of an effective vaccine, hindered by difficulties in replicating the native E1E2 antigen structure. Here, the authors engineer a stabilized E1E2 heterodimer using cryo-EM-guided modifications, enhancing immunogenicity and paving the way for future HCV vaccine development.

Climate action could avoid over 1 million deaths globally from air pollution in 2040. However, it is suggested that cooperation is needed between developed and developing nations to ensure that disparities in air pollution are not perpetuated in the future.

This Commission aims to resolve the current dialysis policy challenges in Thailand and generate lessons for the global kidney community by drawing on empirical evidence, systems thinking and multidisciplinary expertise to generate policy goals and recommendations.

This study shows O₂-producing cyanobacteria likely prospered in silica- and iron-rich ancient oceans prior to the emergence of free O₂. Silica and day-night light cycles helped the microbes to overcome toxicity effects caused by oxygen radicals.

The paper reports a scalable, chemical-free plasma process that converts methane and water into high-purity, single-layer graphene oxide while co-producing hydrogen, cutting greenhouse emissions, and lowering cost compared with conventional methods.

In this study, the authors identify a collaboration between the epigenetic regulators, EZH2 and DNA methyltransferase that contributes to prostate cancer lineage reprogramming.

In this work, authors provide evidence that bacteria in spatially structured populations protect each other from antibiotics through collective nutrient consumption, creating ‘death fronts’ that sweep through the colony– explaining why infections often survive treatments that work in lab tests.

Introgression shapes eukaryotic genomes, yet its prevalence in nature remains unclear. Sequencing 216 Neotropical S. cerevisiae genomes reveals that recurrent introgression is widespread and a major driver of lineage evolution within a structured population.

Spectroscopic observations of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-189b reveal both volatile (H₂O, CO, OH) and refractory (Fe, Mg, Si) gas in its atmosphere. Here, the authors show that the abundance ratio of refractory species reflects that of the host star.

Here, the authors map malignant and non-malignant cellular states in human glioma using integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, revealing spatially organized tumor-microenvironment interactions and distinct oligodendrocyte-associated programs linked to disease progression.

Using large-scale genetics and Genomic SEM/E-SEM, the study shows broad shared genetic risk between many physical illnesses and internalizing, neurodevelopmental, and substance-use disorders, revealing a transdiagnostic illness factor and cross-cutting disease pathways.

Borneol has repelled mosquitoes for millennia, but how it worked was unknown. Here, the authors show the sensory pathway mosquitoes use to detect and avoid this ancient plant compound, opening the door to improved natural repellents.

Supersolid phases are quantum-entangled states of matter exhibiting the dual characteristics of superfluidity and solidity. Here, the authors map the phase diagram of K₂Co(SeO₃)₂. and identify signatures of two supersolid phases separated by a 1/3 magnetization plateau.

Oncolytic viruses, including Zika virus, have been proposed as therapeutic option for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment, however, efficacy in patients remains suboptimal. Here, the authors show that expanding peripheral T cells with long-acting IL7 prior to intratumoral oncolytic treatment improves survival in GBM preclinical models.

Homogeneous catalytic hydroboration represents a valuable strategy for the synthesis of alcohols but reports which employ iron-based catalysts are somewhat limited. Here, the authors report an iron metalloborane complex as an efficient pre-catalyst for hydroboration of ketones, cyclic esters and CO₂ with mild conditions.

Here the authors identify nicotine-derived inhibitors of the SARS-CoV−2 main protease that outperform Paxlovid in cells and mice, remain effective against resistant variants, and show broad activity against multiple human coronaviruses.

Brief ultrasound to human frontal eye fields, but not motor cortex, rapidly biases eye movement contralaterally in a perceptual choice task. The size of this effect scales with individual baseline FEF inhibitory tone.

Higher incomes are associated with higher well-being. Here, in a 109-nation study, the authors show that the rank of income, rather than income itself, is associated with higher well-being, especially in nations with lower social capital.

Traditional scientific methods struggled to identify causes of seagrass losses in Canada (Eeyou Istchee). Here the authors combine Indigenous and scientific knowledge and find that eelgrass losses were caused by local hydroelectric development compounded by extreme climate events.

Beta-arrestins are key transducers of G-protein coupled receptors, but the mechanisms of beta-arrestin signaling are poorly understood. Here, authors use cryo-electron microscopy to show how beta-arrestin 1 binds and activates Src kinase

ATRX mutations are associated with developmental disorders and cancer, but how they affect gene regulation is unclear. Here, the authors report that ATRX loss can perturb alpha-globin gene expression by promoting G4- and R-loop-associated DNA damage via a G-rich repeat.

Spatial CRISPR screens probe the functional impact of mutations within intact tissues. Here, authors present Spatial Perturb-Seq, a technology that localizes CRISPR perturbations and cell identities in situ, uncovers communication between cells, and shows how genes act beyond their cellular borders.

Understanding interfaces at sub-nanometer scales is vital for complex chemical reactions. Here, the authors advance Pattern-enhanced Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering, enabling efficient operando probing of chemical and structural dynamics at solid-liquid interfaces.

How neurons resolve gustatory inputs with opposing valences is currently unknown. Here, authors show that bitter and sweet gustatory receptor neurons in fruit flies converge on a pair of neuropeptidergic neurons that instruct opposing feeding behaviors via distinct transmitters based on the input they receive

The mediobasal hypothalamus plays a central role in integrating nutritional and sex-related signals to regulate energy homeostasis. Here, through snRNA-seq of the mediobasal hypothalamus in female and male mice across nutritional states, authors show that Agrp neurons are nutrition-sensitive, DA neurons exhibit transcriptional differences in a sex-dependent manner, and KNDy neurons are responsive to both sex and nutrition.

Dysregulation of H3K4 methylation is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, the authors perturb H3K4 methylation in the MGE and hypothalamus, resulting in altered gene expression and cell fate as well as changes in behavior that mimic NDD symptoms.

Pertussis notifications reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands but increased in 2023 to the highest levels since vaccination introduction. Here, the authors use longitudinal serological data from a nationwide cohort study to investigate waning immunity and infection incidence.

Exhaustion is a functional state that hampers anti-cancer and antiviral CD8 T cell activity, and is preceded by a stem-like state, maintained by the transcription factor TCF1. Here authors develop mouse models that allow a precise understanding of the developmental trajectory between the stem-cell-like and exhausted states of CD8 T cells and find that while constitutive overexpression of TCF1 expands the stem-like T cell pool, TCF1 expression specifically in already exhausted cells is unable to promote dedifferentiation.

The transformations for aragonite precursors in coral are not fully understood but have implications in bio, biogenic and geological mineralization. Here, the authors use high-resolution mapping and observe exponential decay from the edge of four precursors to coral aragonite skeleton in Stylophora pistillata.

Using pear as a study system, the biosynthetic pathway of acetophenones has been elucidated: naturally impaired side-chain shortening of aromatic 3-ketoacyl-CoAs leads them to undergo hydrolysis, followed by decarboxylation, to yield acetophenones.

The open interfaces of a three-dimensional all-dielectric photonic topological insulator operate as effective metasurfaces with helical surface states, enabling spin-dependent steering and directional control of far-field surface state emission.

By generating whole genomes of 150 participants representing 12 Khoe-San click-speaking groups, the authors, reveal over 1.3 million unknown DNA variants, distinct San and here described Damara genetic trajectories, while achieving century-long global predominance.

This study shows that mithramycin suppresses the EWS::FLI1 transcription factor in Ewing sarcoma using a hybrid CUT, Tag & GRO assay, revealing mechanism, need for continuous dosing, and supporting clinical use of next-gen analog AIT-102.

DNA recognition and cleavage control in type II topoisomerases are poorly understood processes. Here, the authors determine cleaved and uncleaved structures of supercoiled DNA-bound topoisomerase VI that reveal how the enzyme activates its cleavage state and prefers to act at deformable substrates.

In this study, the authors develop a stoichiometric-thermodynamic model linking seismic decarbonation to Mw 5.9–6.5 earthquakes. They demonstrate that seismic CO₂ pressurization can sustain dynamic slip and enhance the destructive potential of earthquakes.

Cyanobacteria are highly taxonomically and ecologically diverse species that have survived for billions of years. Here, authors show key structural features have remained within their light harvesting components to ensure their continual survival within diverse natural environments.

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) have been associated with adverse effects affecting both the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. Here the authors show that NSAIDs lower plasma tryptophan concentrations in humans and mice and that replacement of tryptophan in mice treated with naproxen leads to decreased adverse effects.

Wnt signaling is activated in more than half of gastric cancers through a ligand-dependent manner. Here the authors show with mouse models that tumor-derived Wnt ligands activate liver stromal fibroblasts to facilitate hyaluronan accumulation in the microenvironment, promoting gastric cancer liver metastasis.

Cholera remains a significant public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa, but the mechanisms of continental and regional spread remain undefined. Here, the authors investigate recent patterns of spread using Vibrio cholerae genomic surveillance data collected by a consortium of seven African Union member states from 2019-2024.

Loss of KRIT1 or CCM2 drives harmful KLF4 overexpression in brain vessels. Here, authors show a single KRIT1 must recruit two CCM2 proteins via dual PTB-NPxF interactions to suppress KLF4, revealing a previously unknown PTB clustering mechanism.

Most studies assessing food self-sufficiency look at calories and neglect nutrient gaps. Comparing food demand and potential food production under land and water constraints, this study quantifies 9 key nutrient gaps for each of African’s 54 countries.

Visible-light-mediated intramolecular [2+2] cycloaddition of aza-1,6-dienes gives bridged, not fused, heterocycles, in violation of the ‘rule-of-five’, which dictates that five-membered rings are preferentially formed. This method allows a variety of bridged bicyclic scaffolds to be accessed, enabling drug-relevant properties to be readily tuned.

Diamond anvils are widely used in high-pressure research to investigate matter under extreme conditions. Here, broadband spectroscopy is used to measure pressure-driven opacity of diamond anvils to 520 GPa, revealing bandgap narrowing and optical behavior that redefines the limits of high-pressure spectroscopy.