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A pangenome of the Cannabis genus including 193 genomes demonstrates high variability in most of the genome but low diversity in cannabinoid synthesis genes and provides a resource for future genetic studies and crop optimization.

Tilt-corrected bright-field scanning transmission electron microscopy offers enhanced cryogenic electron microscopy contrast and substantial improvement in dose efficiency for thick samples such as bacterial cells and large organelles, while still being able to perform single-particle analysis.

It remains unclear whether machine learning methods can accurately identify cancer driver alterations. Here, the authors compare machine learning-based approaches to other computational methods to determine their utility for annotating variants of unknown significance and identifying driver alterations in real-world cancer patient data, demonstrating superior performance.

Cells must coordinate cell division with genome replication. Here, the authors combine rapid protein depletion, clinical CDK4/6 inhibitors, and genome-wide EdU sequencing to reveal that the CDK4/6-RB axis ensures timely loading of DNA replication factors in G1 phase in human cells.

Measurements of anyons moving through a quantum point contact allow the extraction of their tunnelling exponent. This fully characterizes their topological order and confirms that they are well described by the Luttinger liquid theory.

The neuronal architecture that develops after spinal cord injury and causes autonomic dysreflexia is uncovered.

Chapman, Klaourakis and colleagues reveal that a lymphatic vasculature with poor clearance capacity in perinatal, regeneration-competent mouse hearts is required to retain pro-reparative macrophages and allow cardiac regeneration.

Genotype-phenotype data from over 450,000 individuals was analyzed to discover 205 genomic loci where an allele associated with increase adiposity was associated with a lower cardiometabolic disease risk to an individual.

An approach combining bioorthogonal chemistry with genetically encoded fluorogen-activating proteins enables subcellular imaging of phospholipids and glycans, as well as the visualization of lipid transport between organelles and lipid asymmetry across membrane leaflets.

Previous research has suggested that pDCs are required for an effective antiviral immune response, but direct experimental evidence to support this is lacking. Here Ngo et al. develop a pDC knockin mouse model and find that pDCs are dispensable for an antiviral immune response to mouse cytomegalovirus and may be detrimental during influenza or SARS-CoV-2 infection.

In this Stage 2 Registered Report, Buchanan et al. show evidence confirming the phenomenon of semantic priming across speakers of 19 diverse languages.

In vivo loss-of-function CRISPR screens were performed to identify genes influencing CAR T cell persistence and function in human multiple myeloma, highlighting CDKN1B as a promising target.

Classical cellular metamaterials demonstrate pattern transformations under compressive loading or deflation. Here, authors produce a structure with a global short wavelength buckling response to positive pressure and leverage it to grasp slender objects and control multiple fluid channels.

Spike-based sensing offers the potential to lower power consumption and enable edge computing. Here, the authors fabricate a bio-inspired strain sensor using hybrid 3D printing enabled by a quantum tunneling composite with a large strain range.

Organ banking via vitrification could transform transplantation but has never been achieved at human organ scales. Here, the authors demonstrated successful vitrification in ≤ 3L CPA volumes and ~<1L porcine liver with successfully rewarming ≤ 2L CPA volumes using nanowarming.

Phenotype variation is higher in mutants than wild types. Examining a range of mutant severities, this study unexpectedly found that variation decreases in severe conditions. A quadratic trend best fits the relationship between severity and variation.

A combination of mouse model data and data from a randomized phase 2 trial in patients with breast cancer in remission demonstrates feasibility, safety and a reduction in residual tumor cells following treatment with hydroxychloroquine and/or everolimus.

2023 CX1 is the only L-chondrite-like asteroid analysed from space to ground. It catastrophically fragmented in the atmosphere, depositing 98% of its energy in one burst—an unusual, high-risk fragmentation mode with implications for planetary defence.

The diversity of ponerine ants varies widely across the globe. This study finds that the origin and early colonization in Gondwana’s tropical regions mainly shaped this distribution, while differences in diversification and dispersal have balanced regional diversity over time.

The transcription factor ATF6 causes an enrichment in long-chain fatty acids in the colonic epithelium, which leads to changes in the gut microbiota and contributes to the development of colorectal cancer in humans and mice, thereby linking endoplasmic reticulum stress responses to lipid metabolism and tumorigenesis.

Crystal structures of human CB₁ bound to two cannabinoid agonists reveal key features, including a twin toggle switch and binding pocket reduction, advancing understanding of receptor dynamics and guiding cannabinoid drug design.

Two types of on-chip silicon device utilizing silicon T centres are developed: an O-band light-emitting diode and an electrically triggered single-photon source. Further, a new method of spin initialization with electrical excitation is demonstrated.

The lack of reliable coating methods for amorphous zeolitic imidazolate framework (aZIF) materials hinders their development for applications such as photolithography and separation membranes. Supported by computational fluid dynamics modeling, the authors develop a spin-coating technique to deposit aZIF films from dilute precursors and demonstrate their wafer-scale use in advanced lithographic processes.

Aggregates of misfolded proteins are sequestered in the aggresome via dynein transport in an aggregate size-dependent manner. Here, authors find episodic transport kinetics mediated by aggresome-dynein adapters are central to this size-filter effect.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Nasal colonization by Staphylococcus aureus is linked with depression in a human cohort and shown in a mouse model to cause decreased serotonin and dopamine in the brain.

Exon Junction Complexes influence many aspects of mRNA fate. Here, the authors show that the disassembly factor PYM1 primarily acts in translation-independent EJC removal, with resistant EJCs accumulating at non-canonical sites and impacting mRNA stability in a gene architecture dependent manner.

It is unclear whether the linkage between tree species richness and insect herbivory is consistent across climates and forest types. Here, the authors analyse data from forest biodiversity experiments to show a generally positive tree growth–insect herbivory relationship that is modulated by leaf traits.

The authors demonstrate deeply subwavelength light confinement in the terahertz spectral range by exploiting the strong light–matter coupling and hyperbolicity of phonon polaritons in hafnium-based dichalcogenides.

Cangkrama et al. show that tumor cells from various cancer types use the mitochondrial trafficking protein MIRO2 and nanotubes to transfer mitochondria into surrounding fibroblasts, thereby inducing cancer-associated fibroblast differentiation and subsequent tumor growth.

Lee et al. use an aggregation-prone CLN4 mutant that causes lysosomal damage in neurons and show that in non-neurons, the ubiquitin ligase CHIP prevents CLN4-dependent lysotoxicity via microautophagy.

Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) is a secreted protein associated with poorer outcomes in patients with gastric cancer. Here, the authors report part B of the DisTinGuish phase II trial reporting the safety and efficacy of DKN-01 (DKK1 neutralising antibody) in combination with tislelizumab (anti-PD-1) in patients with advanced gastric/gastoesophageal junction cancer and elevated DKK1 expression.

PROTAC development has surged in popularity, however our ability to characterize PROTAC specificity in living cells has lagged behind. Here, the authors develop ProtacID, a flexible proximity-dependent biotinylation (BioID)-based approach to identify PROTAC-protein interactions in living cells.

An integrated structural biology approach combining NMR, cryo-EM, X-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics simulations is implemented to characterise the conformational dynamics and interactions of the eukaryotic RNA exosome complex.

Excitonic quantum oscillations are observed in correlated electron–hole bilayers and quantum phase transitions are identified between excitonic insulator and bilayer quantum Hall states under strong magnetic fields.

An ex vivo model and pre-clinical study in a brain-dead recipient provide enzyme-converted O organs to avoid hyperacute rejection in ABO-incompatible kidney transplant patients.

Using historical aerial photographs and new bed topography data, accelerating changes on Kennicott and Root Glaciers, Alaska since 1938 are documented. These observations inform projections showing 38–63% mass loss by 2100, depending on future climate.

The authors show that the m⁶A reader protein YTHDF2 negatively regulates Th9 cell differentiation and function. Ablation of YTHDF2 promotes antigen-specific Th9 cell and CAR-Th9 cell antitumor activity in solid tumors.

Proteome allocation to anabolic and catabolic functions is significantly regulated by growth rate in the model bacterium Escherichia coli. By contrast, this article shows that proteome allocation is only partially controlled by growth rate, and metabolic rates are primarily controlled post-translationally, in the thermophilic acetogen Thermoanaerobacter kivui.

The cortex fuels essential physiological processes with glucose-derived carbon, while gliomas fuel their aggressiveness by rerouting glucose carbon pathways and scavenging alternative carbon sources such as environmental amino acids, providing a potential therapeutic target.

Nagano et al. identify the third mitotic cohesin complex, STAG3–cohesin, which, with its unique biophysical properties, weakens insulation and rewires regulatory interactions of spermatogonial stem cells, shaping the male germline nucleome.

Here, the authors identify the microbiota-derived corisin as a driver of diabetic kidney fibrosis via cellular aging and show that targeting corisin with a monoclonal antibody alleviates disease in mice, suggesting a potential therapeutic avenue.

An analog optical computer that combines analog electronics, three-dimensional optics, and an iterative architecture accelerates artificial intelligence inference and combinatorial optimization in a single platform, paving a promising path for faster and sustainable computing.

Mepolizumab (anti-IL-5 therapy) has been shown to reduce type 2 inflammation in asthma. Here the authors use bulk transcriptomics from nasal samples before and after mepolizumab treatment to assess the changes and associations with treatment outcomes.

A highly potent and selective small-molecule catalytic inhibitor of the protein lysine methyltransferase NSD2 shows therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models of KRAS-driven pancreatic cancer and lung cancer.

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.

Heller et al. showed dense longitudinal imaging in four females, including one with endometriosis and one using oral contraceptives, and the finding that different hormonal milieus influence widespread brain volume changes linked to progesterone or estradiol.

The enzyme ABHD18 is shown to have a key role in cardiolipin metabolism in mitochondria, offering a potential route for a small-molecule treatment of the rare genetic disease Barth syndrome.