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Electrochromic materials are promising for smart windows, though challenges such as slow switching, poor stability, and high power consumption must be addressed. Here, the authors report a dual-cathode electrochromic energy storage device that enhances conductivity and stability.

Lasing with multi-pass gain is achieved in a diamond-based X-ray cavity at the European XFEL, opening a path to next-generation X-ray science.

In a large-scale prospective study run across 12 sites in Germany and involving 463,094 women and 119 radiologists, AI-supported screening increased breast cancer detection rates by a significant margin without affecting the recall rate.

A cohort study of schoolchildren in Yunnan Province, China showed that the two rounds of 400 mg albendazole treatment were highly effective against Ascaris lumbricoides, moderately effective for hookworm, and ineffective for Trichuris trichiura.

Gassler et al. implant a free-living bacterium into fungal cells to study early steps in the establishment of an endosymbiosis. They observe vertical transmission of the bacteria despite initial host stress, with fungal defense responses attenuating over time, indicating a shift from antagonism toward commensalism.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Patients with different small round cell sarcoma (SRCS) often receive the same treatment regimen but for some SRCS subtypes, response to chemotherapy is poor and targeted treatment options are limited. Here, the authors establish a biobank of paediatric patient-derived SRCS tumoroids and perform drug screening, identifying MCL inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy in CIC::DUX4 sarcomas.

Viral ribonucleoprotein–viral protein networks form pre-replication centres that nucleate viral factories and drive respiratory syncytial virus replication.

The authors propose a multi-agent reinforcement learning approach to exploring complex decision-making. They uncover the memory-two bilateral reciprocity strategy that outperforms a wide range of strategies in iterated and evolutionary games.

In single-particle cryo-EM, datasets often contain molecules that exist in a heterogeneous mix of states. Here, the authors compare different computational tools to study this heterogeneity and derive metrics to quantitatively compare their results.

A recently developed class of magneto-sensitive fluorescent proteins are engineered to alter the properties of their response to magnetic fields and radio frequencies, enabling multimodal sensing of biological systems.

Elite and viremic controllers of HIV can spontaneously regulate viral replication, but some lose this ability over time. In this longitudinal cohort study, 31% of viremic and 3% of elite HIV controllers lost viral control over 17 years. Specific T-cell– related proteins distinguish controller types and predict loss years in advance.

Annunziato, Quan and Donckele et al. identify G3BP2 (Ras–GAP SH3 domain-binding protein 2) as a molecular glue-induced neosubstrate of the CRL4^CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase. The CRBN–glue neosurface uses a molecular surface mimicry mechanism to recruit and degrade G3BP2 in a compound-dependent manner.

Using a non-human primate model, the authors identified the tissue sites of initial viral rebound after discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy, demonstrating that such rebound preferentially occurs in the gastrointestinal tract-associated lymphoid tissues.

A completely solid-state, single-chip, microwave-frequency surface acoustic wave phonon laser can generate coherent phonons from thermal noise or resonantly amplify injected phonons using only a direct current bias field.

The laws of quantum mechanics make it possible to design device-independent security protocols that do not need trusted equipment. Now, explicit protocols are provided that achieve the optimal rate of device-independent random number generation.

Guided by density functional theory, a commercially viable refractory alloy is developed, which exhibits excellent room-temperature ductility and strength, and high strength at elevated temperatures.

Reconfigurable arrays of up to 448 neutral atoms are used to implement and combine the key elements of a universal, fault-tolerant quantum processing architecture and experimentally explore their underlying working mechanisms.

The T-cell receptor (TCR) activation mechanism has remained uncertain. Here, the authors present molecular structures for the apo and ligand-bound human TCR–CD3 complex in lipid nanodiscs, revealing large conformational changes during activation.

Differentiating DCs express ALDH1A2, which produces retinoic acid and suppresses DC activity. Blocking this pathway with a new inhibitor, KyA33, enhances immune responses and boosts the effectiveness of DC cancer vaccines in mouse models.

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans facilitate the assembly of clusters of glycoRNAs and cell surface RNA-binding proteins, which negatively modulate VEGF-A signalling and angiogenesis.

While a variety of well-established methods enable the control of a stereogenic center, a catalytic method for controlling a stereogenic axis in one substrate is typically unavailable for controlling axial chirality in other substrates with a similar structure. Here, the authors report o-amidobiaryl as a flexible platform for chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed atroposelective dynamic kinetic resolution.

Designing single molecules capable of complex sensing functions is challenging. Now, using crowdsourced RNA designs from the online game Eterna, compact single-molecule sensors have been demonstrated for a variety of tasks, including a complex three-input tuberculosis diagnostic. The development of a Monte Carlo Tree Search algorithm enabled automated design of similarly sophisticated nucleic-acid sensors.

Chemical language models trained on known metabolites can identify previously unknown metabolites from mass spectrometry-based metabolomics data with high accuracy.

Covalent KRAS inhibitors show initial responses but resistance limits durability. Here drug-induced hapten peptides are identified and characterized, enabling production of high affinity, cross-HLA T cell engagers that stabilize low density hapten peptide MHCs to drive tumor-specific killing.

Measurement-free quantum error correction allows to avoid costly mid-circuit measurements and feed-forward controls. Here, the authors present a toolbox of logical operations needed for measurement-free fault-tolerant universal quantum computing and demonstrate a measurement-free logical fault-tolerant logical algorithm using an error-detecting code on an ion-trap quantum processor.

High-dimensional immune profiling of a living recipient of a pig-to-human xenotransplant provides insight into the immune landscape of xenotransplantation and directions for improved immunosuppression strategies.

Quantum error correction codes protect quantum information, but running algorithms also requires the ability to perform gates on logical qubits. A lattice surgery scheme for fault-tolerant gates has now been demonstrated in a quantum repetition code.

Koch and Brown et al. led a collaborative and comprehensive synthesis that shows the transfer of ice algal carbon is widespread throughout the Arctic marine food web and contributes to supporting organisms throughout the dark winter months

Jia et al. experimentally show that when individuals can tailor their actions to each neighbour—a freedom termed social networking agency—they display higher levels of cooperation, trust and fairness in economic games.

Engineering polymerases to synthesize alternative genetic polymers remains a challenging problem in synthetic biology. Using DNA shuffling and droplet microfluidics, the current study provides a short evolutionary path from a DNA polymerase to one with robust RNA-synthesizing activity.

This report describes a nanobody targeting glycine receptor mGlyR that inhibits its ability to regulate G protein signaling and produces anti-depressant effects in mice providing an immunotherapy approach to potentially treat depression.

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing autologous mRNA-engineered BCMA-targeting CAR T cell therapy versus placebo in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis, a significantly higher percentage of patients exhibited a reduction in disease activity in the treatment arm than in the placebo arm.

A library of 400 phage protein-coding genes is used to find a trove of antiphage systems, revealing systems that target tail fibre and major capsid proteins.

The academic impact of early morning lectures, alcohol’s effects on sleep and other highlights from sleep studies.

Here the authors introduce VACmap, a nonlinear long-read aligner that improves detection of complex structural variations like duplications, inversions, and gene conversions. It enhances SV callers’ performance on benchmarks and resolves clinically relevant loci in LPA, GBA1, and STRC genes.

Population-scale WGS reveals genetic determinants of persistent EBV DNA, linking immune regulation—especially antigen processing and MHC class II variation—to EBV persistence and heterogeneous disease associations.

A multipass optical parametric amplifier leverages dispersion-engineered dielectric mirrors to overcome the gain versus bandwidth trade-off and achieve broadband amplification with high gain within a compact device.

The results of the Fifth RNA-Puzzles contest highlights advances in RNA three-dimensional structure prediction and uncovers new insights into RNA folding and structure.

Androgen receptor can promote tumour progression in desmoplastic small round cell tumour (DSRCT), an aggressive paediatric malignancy that predominantly affects young males. Here, the authors show that DSRCT is an AR-driven malignancy and sensitive to androgen deprivation therapy

De novo domestication was performed on the brassica Thlaspi arvense (pennycress) by identifying and stacking CRISPR-induced mutations to create a new intermediate oilseed crop that can be grown in the off-season, with seed compositions similar to canola (low erucic acid and reduced glucosinolate).

Analysis of Babesia divergens egress from host cells reveals druggable targets and identifies compounds for potential babesiosis treatment.

The majority of incident HIV infections in Eastern and Southern Africa occur in the general population. Here, the authors harmonise data from eight open population-based cohort studies from six countries and describe individual and community-level risk factors for HIV acquisition.

CD44 expressed by fibroblastic reticular cells in secondary lymphoid organs regulates trafficking of dendritic cells, and thus has an essential role in the priming of T cells and the adaptive immune response.

MK-7762 is a new oxazolidinone antitubercular agent that is structurally similar to linezolid, and demonstrated in vivo efficacy, lesion penetration and limited toxicity compared to linezolid, indicating it could be used in broad tuberculosis regimens.

Deep mutational scanning of a recent human H3N2 influenza haemagglutinin identifies how epistasis and pleiotropy differentially constrain mutations that affect viral cell entry, acid stability and neutralization.

In epithelial layers cells must round up prior to division. Here the authors use micropillar arrays to mimic epithelial confinement and show that MDCK cells generate force to create space to divide; if unable to generate sufficient force they escape the micropillars to divide and return to confinement.

Engineering motif-specific 'hot spots' into an antibody scaffold yields antibodies with high affinity to targets containing phosphoserine, phosphothreonine or phosphotyrosine.