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Here, Yang-Jensen et al. demonstrate that a scalable microbial protein lysate from Methylococcus capsulatus Bath reshapes gut microbiota and T cells and, via fermentation-driven GLP-2 receptor mimicry, protects against gastrointestinal inflammation while providing sustainable protein nutrition

Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies 58 independent risk loci for major anxiety disorders among individuals of European ancestry and implicates GABAergic signaling as a potential mechanism underlying genetic risk for these disorders.

In quantum technologies, scalable ways to characterise errors in quantum hardware are highly needed. Here, the authors propose an approximate version of quantum process tomography based on tensor network representations of the processes and data-driven optimisation.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Application of multiancestry and ensemble-based approaches yields improved polygenic risk prediction models for breast cancer and its subtypes among women of African ancestry.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

In this multicenter phase 1 trial of patients with advanced solid tumors resistant to anti-PD-1 therapy, treatment with the anti-latent TGFβ1 antibody linavonkibart with or without pembrolizumab was safe, and encouraging clinical response rates were associated with T cell infiltration and immune activation.

The authors developed a highly sensitive skin-conformal NIR organic photodetector with fast photoresponse speed that achieves MHz-speed, angle-free, and long-range (100 m) wireless optical communication with stable performance under mechanical deformation.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Differential isoform usage is identified with high statistical power from spatial transcriptomics data.

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy is a myopathy linked to ectopic expression of the DUX4 transcription factor. The authors show that the suppression of targets genes of the myogenesis regulator PAX7 is a signature of FSHD, and might explain oxidative stress sensitivity and epigenetic changes.

Lung adenocarcinomas bearing the ID2 mutational signature display increased LINE-1 retrotransposon activity, which contributes to their fast evolutionary dynamics and aggressive phenotype.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

Ethanol-induced fructose metabolism, mediated by KHK-A/C, drives excessive alcohol consumption and pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease.

Semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, may offer neuroprotective benefits after stroke, but its effects in large vessel occlusion (LVO) are unknown. Here the authors show, in a phase 2 randomized trial, that semaglutide is safe after endovascular therapy and may improve recovery in patients not receiving intravenous thrombolysis.

This work examines imaginarity as a resource in quantum information theory. The authors extend the resource theory of imaginarity to distributed scenarios, discuss the operational meaning and its role in channel discrimination.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a rare primary osteolytic bone tumor with high local recurrence rate after surgical resection. Here the authors conduct a phase Ib/II trial, evaluating the efficacy and safety of JMT103 (RANK-RANKL inhibitor) in patients with unresectable or surgically-challenging GCTB.

Common knowledge tells us that time flows from the past to the future, but this is not the case for microscopic theories of physics which are neutral with respect to the arrow of time. The authors develop a mathematical framework where certain agents could probe physical processes both forwards and backwards in time, the result of which may provide a framework for potential extensions of quantum theory.

The complex internal structure of magnetic impurities, which locally distort superconductivity, is usually neglected. Here, Choiet al. report that the number and shape of Shiba states are correlated to the spin-polarized atomic orbitals of the impurity, valuable to design atomic-scale superconducting devices.

Scaling up of memristive passive crossbar circuits is the key challenge for applications in neuromorphic computing. Choi et al. demonstrate a wafer-scale fabrication of memristive passive crossbar circuits using a co-design approach for memristors and crossbar structures, enabling a device yield of over 95%.

Quantum theory has been shown to be compatible with processes violating a definite causal order, but no detailed analysis of the maximum allowed degree of violation has been carried out so far. Here, the authors fill this gap by providing the analogue of Tsirelson’s bound for the violation of causal inequalities.

Impaired mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation (mtLCFAO) in type 2 alveolar epithelial (AT2) cells is thought to aggravate alveolar inflammation in acute lung injury. Here, the authors show that the mtLCFAO rate limiting enzyme CPT1a is decreased in AT2 cells in acute respiratory distress syndrome, highlighting the role of mtLCFAO in immunometabolism in this context.

There is an urgent need for rapid point-of-care tools for tuberculosis diagnosis and antibiotic sensitivity analysis. Here, the authors describe a breath test that, within minutes, detects isoniazid-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosisin infected animals.

Yan et al. use cryo-EM to obtain structures that reveal how DNMT3A2 and DNMT3L cooperate to read histone signals and bind chromatin, illustrating a mechanism that controls DNA methylation and shapes epigenetic regulation.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

Scaling effects on ferroelectric domains could impact applications for next-generation miniaturized devices. Here brownmillerite oxides are shown to demonstrate ferroelectric domains with widths down to the sub-unit-cell level.

New two-dimensional semiconductors may exhibit properties beyond inherent semiconducting attributes. Here the authors report protonated semiconducting III–V-derived van der Waals crystals with memristive properties.

Analyses of genome and exome sequencing data identify rare coding and structural variants associated with atrial fibrillation and highlight genetic links between atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies.

A study of several longitudinal birth cohorts and cross-sectional cohorts finds only moderate overlap in genetic variants between autism that is diagnosed earlier and that diagnosed later, so they may represent aetiologically different conditions.

Variants in NOS1AP can cause monogenic nephrotic syndrome. Here, the authors show that disrupting the intergenic NOS1AP splice isoform that is more prevalent in podocytes leads to monogenic kidney disease responsive to RAAS inhibition.

Parity-time symmetry breaking and related non-Hermitian phenomena, such as high-order exceptional points, have attracted significant interest across various experimental platforms. Here the authors demonstrate a third-order exceptional point induced by parity-time symmetry breaking in a dissipative trapped ion.