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The Mermin-Wagner theorem states that for short-range isotropic interactions, magnetic order in two dimensions is destroyed by magnetic fluctuations at finite temperatures. Observing this situation is challenging due to the finite size of typical laboratory samples. Here, Kiaba et al observe the suppression of magnetic order in oxide superlattices, at the thickness of the superlattice layers are reduced to one monolayer.

The recent discovery of magnetism in van der Waals materials down to the monolayer seemed to challenge a long-established theoretical result, the Mermin-Wagner theorem, which states that long-range magnetic order does not exist in two dimensions with short-range interactions. Here, using state of the art computational methods, the authors show that for sample sizes usually used in experiments, the exchange interactions at the finite size is enough to stabilize magnetic order without any magnetic anisotropy.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

Analyses of snRNA genes in a French cohort of people with rare disorders, with validation through international collaboration, identify monoallelic and biallelic variants in RNU2-2 as frequent causes of neurodevelopmental disorders with epilepsy.

Researchers used explainable AI to analyze pancreas tissue from living donors, revealing that changes in fat cell clusters, nerve structures, and islet proximity to fat cells distinguish people with type 2 diabetes from those without the condition.

T-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is an aggressive T-cell malignancy, but 15–25% of cases are diagnosed at a primarily indolent stage. Here, the authors use single-cell RNA sequencing and whole genome sequencing to study the molecular changes underlying the indolent-to-active evolution of T-PLL, finding patient-specific and common mechanisms of disease progression.

Non-additive effect and trait-trait interactions are often overlooked in current genomic prediction approaches. Here, the authors extend quadratic phenotypic selection index to the genomic domain to enable phenotype-free, rapid-cycle multi-trait selection while capturing genome-wide nonlinear relationships.

Active seafloor spreading has been documented in some of the tectonically active basins of the Gulf of California. This work presents new geophysical and geochemical data as evidence that active seafloor spreading is also occurring in the northernmost Wagner and Consag basins of the Gulf.

MAU2’s role in Cornelia de Lange syndrome was unclear. Here, the authors identify pathogenic MAU2 variants that disrupt NIPBL–MAU2 function, define MAU2‑specific episignatures, and show variable CdLS‑related phenotypes, supported by a Mau2 knockout mouse model.

A star in a primordial dwarf galaxy has preserved the elements produced by the first generation of stars. The star lacks heavy elements but exhibits an extreme amount of carbon, suggesting that low-energy explosions can seed the initial chemistry of early galaxies.

Phytic acid chelates essential minerals, reducing their bioavailability in cereal-based diets. This study proposes a scalable, species-independent chemical approach that targets myo-inositol 3-phosphate synthase 1 (INO1), a key enzyme in phytic acid biosynthesis, to lower its levels in rice and wheat without affecting plant growth or yield.

A meta-analysis of plant nuclear genomic data provides fundamental insights into the genomic nature of differences between plant species and informs future strategies for DNA-based identification of plants using nuclear genomes.

Many thermophiles that are abundant in geothermal systems have never been cultivated and are poorly understood. Here, Lai et al. describe the cultivation of one such organism, a deeply branching member of the archaeal phylum Thermoproteota, and provide evidence that it has evolved to specialize in branched-chain amino acid metabolism.

A void tens of metres in size below the Mare Tranquillitatis pit on the Moon is revealed by radar images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. This finding implies that lava tubes or conduits are possibly common below lunar maria.

Neuromodulation via epidural electrical stimulation both below and above the lesion in three participants with complete spinal cord injury could enable respectively motor activation and sensory perception.

The Mouse Cancer Cell line Atlas (MCCA) provides major advances towards a mechanistic understanding of cancer genomes.

A ketogenic diet in male mice with hyperglycemia normalized blood glucose and enhanced improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and aerobic remodeling of skeletal muscle with aerobic exercise training, compared to mice consuming regular chow.

Patients with kidney failure undergoing maintenance hemodialysis have poor long-term survival. Here the authors use affinity-based proteomics to identify circulating risk factors for mortality in patients with kidney failure on hemodialysis.

A better understanding of post-treatment control after therapy cessation can help design therapeutic strategies for people living with HIV. Here the authors show in a SIV macaque model that intestinal CX3CR1⁺ macrophages are preserved in SIV post-treatment controllers, while their loss is associated with increased CD4⁺ T cell activation and viral persistence, linking mucosal immune balance to long-term viral remission.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Pangenomic and epidemiological analyses reveal a genetic shift in U.S. Salmonella Hadar populations during 2019–20, driven by expansion of a lineage carrying a prophage-like element that likely arose in commercial poultry and spread to backyard flocks.

Oxytocin promotes social behaviors, but its cortical targets remain unclear. Here, authors show that oxytocin activates local interneurons in the rat prefrontal cortex, enhancing sociability through top-down control of the basolateral amygdala.

Ionizing radiation can cause simultaneous charge noise in multi-qubit superconducting devices. Here, the authors measure space- and time-correlated charge jumps in a four-qubit system in a low-radiation underground facility, achieving operation with minimal correlated events over 22 h at qubit separations beyond 3 mm.

Sensorimotor inputs are first compressed before being routed to the cerebellum and similar brain structures. The authors develop a theory to understand the computational role of this compression, leading to anatomical and functional predictions.

Biomolecular insights into significant cultural changes during the Central European Late Bronze Age (1300–800 BCE) have been limited by cremation. Here, the authors examine available inhumation burials with ancient DNA, stable isotopes, and osteoarchaeology to identify regional traditions and interconnectedness.

Functional evolution expands the catalytic repertoire of biosynthetic enzymes. Here, the authors reveal that a tripartite enzyme complex has evolved to catalyze Friedel–Crafts acylation through neofunctionalization of a conserved thiolase architecture.

Animals learn associations between events across time, but prediction-error theories do not account for how time between events is tracked. Here, the authors show that timescale-invariant temporal inference explains behavioral data and neural signals of learning.

Understanding the organism-wide molecular effects of spaceflight becomes increasingly critical as space exploration accelerates. Here, the authors show that miRNAs mediate microgravity-induced adaptations via extracellular matrix, DNA damage and developmental pathways, as shown by small RNA profiling in 13 organs of mice during and after spaceflight.

Analysing the distributions of >99% of the world’s seed plant flora, the authors find evidence supporting the evolutionary imbalance hypothesis, with species originating from large, biodiverse regions being more successful at naturalizing beyond their native ranges.

This multicenter study demonstrates use of dried and capillary blood as a minimally invasive, scalable approach for Alzheimer’s biomarker testing in research, with potential as a widely scalable population-based research approach, especially in resource-limited settings.

This research developed and compared firearm-specific and method-agnostic machine-learning models using data from 800,579 Army veterans, revealing that model choice and intervention thresholds impact predictive accuracy and fairness, guiding tailored suicide prevention efforts.

A solid hitting a liquid surface normally creates a region of high pressure at the solid-liquid contact area. Now, it is shown that for a flat-bottomed cylinder hitting a liquid at low-enough impact speed, the local pressure is sufficiently low to cause the liquid to cavitate.

In this Primer, Davies and colleagues discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management and quality of life of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic condition associated with insulin resistance that leads to hyperglycaemia and other complications.

Sounds vary in the strength of behavioural conditioning they can evoke, a property attributed to stimulus salience. Here, the authors show that stimulus salience the overall level of neuronal activity recruited in the auditory cortex is strongly related with its reinforcing strength.