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The GABA_B receptor is a mandatory heterodimer. Here authors show the existence of GABA_B dimers of dimers in neurons, and their relevance in human health. By solving the structure of this tetramer, they show the structural basis for a negative cooperativity between the dimers within such a complex.

The interlayer π-π stacking primarily results in irreversible dispersibility of GO, providing supramolecular view for the regulation of graphene-based materials.

Susceptibility of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection, is linked with HLA gene region with mechanisms unclear. The authors here show that the high-risk EBV subtype BALF2 upregulates HLA-DP, leading to CD8⁺ T cell exhaustion, and combined anti-LAG-3 and anti-PD-1 therapy improves anti-cancer efficacy.

The reconstruction and control of supramolecular ropes using minimalist building units remains a fundamental challenge. Here the authors demonstrate self-assembly of cyclo-tryptophan-proline dipeptide stereoisomers into crystalline supramolecular triple-helical structures with tunable S- or Z- twists governed by the configuration of tryptophan residues.

Stronger climate policy delivery in China can partly offset weak mitigation elsewhere in the medium term, but achieving Paris goals ultimately requires sustained global action. China’s policy delivery uncertainty alone could shift cumulative emissions by ~500 GtCO₂ by 2100 (~0.17 °C warming).

Cells respond to cholesterol levels with increased growth. Here, the authors show that HR3/RORα senses cholesterol to regulate TOR signaling, linking cholesterol availability to cell growth, with implications for cholesterol-related diseases and cancer.

Nociceptive hypersensitivity and prolonged wound healing due to the interaction of peripheral neuropathy and local immune disorders hinder the regenerative repair of diabetic foot ulcer. Here, the authors report a low-intensity focused ultrasound-activated piezoelectric gel bandage with immune homeostasis modulation and neuropathic pain relief functions for comprehensive repair of diabetic wounds.

Here, the authors describe negative hysteresis as a phenomenon where the initial exposure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to β-lactam antibiotics causes cellular sensitization towards aminoglycoside antibiotics.

This study reveals three distinct brain patterns in insufficient sleep adolescents, each linked to unique factors of genetics, environmental disturbances, or psychiatric risk.

The COMPASSION16 trial showed survival benefits of cadonilimab plus standard therapy in advanced cervical cancer. Here, subgroup analysis confirms consistent progression-free and overall survival improvements across diverse patient profiles.

Inflammatory signaling profoundly influences cellular metabolism and stress responses. Here, the authors show that the IKK complex directly controls TFEB stability through β-TrCP2–dependent proteasomal degradation, mechanistically linking inflammation to lysosomal regulation.

Traditional nanoscale building blocks show limitations on further optimizing the performance of aerogels. Here the authors achieved precise control over the aggregation state of GdOOH sub nanometer nanowires in three-dimensions and demonstrate aerogels with low density and high specific surface area.

The growth of the smallest aerosol particles is critical to their impacts on climate and air quality. Here, the concentration gradient of nanoparticles is shown to be an important microphysical mechanism for their rapid initial growth.

This study reveals that reduced TIGAR expression in ulcerative colitis promotes G6PD/6PGD lactylation, inhibiting NADPH production, and promotes Trx1 and AGR2 S-nitrosylation, impairing mature MUC2 synthesis and damaging the intestinal mucus barrier.

Inborn errors of cell death (IECD) with autoinflammatory manifestations could be induced by excessive T cell death. Here the authors characterize IECD patients with autoinflammatory manifestations who possess overactive RIPK1 variants which promote T cell death, secretion of TNF and IFN-γ along with activation of monocytes and macrophages which promotes further autoinflammation.

We round up some recent stories from the Nature Briefing.

Here, the authors present a machine-learning assisted single-molecule sensor that can precisely quantify the structurally diverse per- and polyfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids in the absence of standards, together with state-of-the-art detection limits.

A roundup of stories from the Nature Briefing, including the pros and cons of writing a paper with AI, record-breaking global temperatures, and a protein that boosts monkeys’ memories.

The long-sought finding challenges scientists' understanding of the strong nuclear force, and the AI that can beat human champions at drone racing.

The authors have applied an eight-tissue rat multi-omic dataset to analyze the gene regulatory landscape of endurance exercise training, identifying tissue-specific regulatory patterns involved in muscle function, metabolism and immune response.

A roundup of stories from the Nature Briefing, including how human ancestors came close to extinction, historic pollution in Antarctica, and the AI that predicts smell from a compound's structure.

Standard of care CD19-targeting CAR-T therapy for Relapsed-Refractory Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (r/r DLBCL) faces frequent resistance often driven by regulatory T cell (Treg) activation. This study identifies Timosaponin AIII (TAIII) as A2AR inhibitor for enhanced CAR-T activity while depleting CAR-Treg formation.

Presence of higher soil pH and calcium in limestone promote free-living nitrogen fixation activity in soils by fostering beneficial microbial associations, whereas lithology has no significant effect on the activity in litter, according to sampling analysis conducted in the southwest China.

FAN1 is a DNA repair enzyme that maintains genome stability and limits repeat expansions linked to Huntington’s disease. Here, the authors show that USP7 stabilizes FAN1, supporting DNA repair, protecting cells from DNA damage, and slowing CAG repeat expansion.

A dated phylogeny of 16,585 vascular plant species native to China reveals three major centres of endemism, including a potential new global biodiversity hotspot.

Development of the pangenome-informed genome assembly (PIGA) workflow enabled the generation of 1,116 diploid genome assemblies (55 de novo and 1,061 pangenome-informed), representing an extensive resource of medically relevant genic variations.

A new theory to explain missing geological time, the end of leaded petrol, and the ancient humans of Arabia.

Simultaneous profiling of adenylated and non-adenylated RNAs reveals regulatory programs across diverse cell types.

Androgen activity in the male embryonic hindbrain prolongs hindbrain differentiation in male individuals and drives sex differences in the incidence and prognosis of posterior fossa type A (PFA) ependymoma, an aggressive childhood brain tumour.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

Compact Un1Cas12f1 enzyme suits AAV delivery but is limited by narrow PAMs and modest activity. Here, authors engineer evoCas12f to recognize broader NTNR/NYTR PAMs and boost editing efficiency up to 91%, enabling efficient multiplex editing, base editing, and gene activation in cells and mice.

XRISM spectroscopy of the nucleus of the Circinus galaxy indicates elemental abundances suggestive of a dominant enrichment from core-collapse supernovae with progenitors below 20 solar masses; more massive stars may directly collapse into black holes.

This study presents an organ-wide spatial transcriptomic analysis of human skin from different anatomical sites using a combination of MERFISH technology and existing datasets from healthy and diseased skin.

During rapid behavioural switches in flying bats, hippocampal neurons can rapidly switch their core computation to represent the relevant behavioural variables, supporting behavioural flexibility.

A hand stencil painted on a cave wall on a small island off the coast of Sulawesi more than 67,800 years ago suggests a very early occupation of Wallacea.

Li and colleagues show that the transcription factor ZFP148 restrains the differentiation of antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells toward cytolytic effector cells by repressing the expression of KLF2.

Earth’s origin is debated. Meteorites formed in the inner and outer Solar System, but Earth represents an endmember, inner Solar System source alone. Venus and Mercury are predicted to be more extreme, implying a gradient in the inner Solar System.

Single-nucleus chromatin and RNA sequencing identifies epigenetic chromatin domains that confer vulnerability to paediatric brain tumours such as ependymomas, providing insight into the development of such tumours despite ‘quiet’ genomes.

Here, the authors suggest that, when major histocompatibility complex class I is downregulated on allogenic or tumor cells, they are more susceptible to CD4⁺ T cell-mediated ferroptosis.

Proteins are promising ligands for selective metal capture, but low-throughput assays limit their discovery and design. Now, a high-throughput platform for quantifying the rare earth selectivity of lanmodulin (LanM) proteins has been developed. The SpyCI-LAMBS platform enabled the identification of a set of LanMs capable of separating light rare-earth elements in a single step.

Zhao et al. investigate the effects of rectal douching on the gut ecosystem in men who have sex with men. They show that rectal douching is associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis, disrupted microbial metabolite homeostasis, and compromised intestinal barrier integrity.

Natural Killer cells are key mediators of anti-tumour immunosurveillance and anti-viral immunity. Here, the authors map regulatory genetic variation in primary Natural Killer cells, providing new insights into their role in human health and disease.