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Fe3GaTe2 is a room temperature van der Waals ferromagnet, which, despite having a centrosymmetric crystal structure, has both a large Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and hosts topological spin textures. Here, Xia, Luo, Malik and coauthors unravel this mystery, showing the critical role of field cooling in the breaking of inversion symmetry in Fe3GaTe2.

Meiotic sex chromosome inactivation is essential for spermatogenesis, but how transcription is silenced after initiation remains unclear. Here, authors show that nucleolar components NPM1, SENP3 and rRNA form a phase-separated compartment that excludes RNA polymerase II to enforce XY chromosome silencing.

Electrocatalytic oxidation of fatty alcohols in aqueous media is limited by mass transport due to their low solubility. Here, the authors propose ligand engineering to create hydrophobic microenvironments in Nickel MOFs, enabling efficient oxidation to fatty acids by enriching reactants.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells produce type I interferons in response to viral sensing. Here the authors show that amines inhibit these plasmacytoid dendritic cell responses through CXCR4 engagement.

Bilayer CrTe₂ films grown via molecular beam epitaxy are found to host room-temperature multiferroicity and strong magnetoelectric coupling.

A clinical trial testing whether monitoring ctDNA clearance during treatment for nasopharyngeal cancer could be used to inform decisions about an individual’s subsequent therapeutic programme shows promising results.

As of 2025, the global full-depth ocean heat content (OHC) has risen by 481 ± 48 ZJ since 1960, with a pronounced increase of 24 ± 6 ZJ from 2024 to 2025. The highest elevations in OHC were measured in the Southern and Pacific Oceans.

In vivo base editing of a causative mutation that leads to the neurodevelopmental disorder Snijders Blok–Campeau syndrome restores protein dosage and ameliorates molecular and behavioural deficits in a humanized mouse model of the condition.

Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) offers sustainable freshwater but faces persistent microbial safety concerns. A mussel-inspired hygroscopic aerogel achieves rapid water uptake with solar-driven bacterial inactivation, enabling a scalable AWH system.

Zhai et al. report newly designed self-assembled molecules exhibiting strong and ordered anchoring on the perovskite surface to reduce defects and modulate the dipole-induced energy-level, enabling certified efficiencies of 26.23% in a normal device structure, which are also applicable to inverted perovskite solar cells.

Chronic non-healing wounds infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria present a growing global health challenge. Here, Han et al. develop high-entropy alloy-based Janus artificial enzymes with pH-gated redox biocatalysis for sequential therapy of drug-resistant bacteria and inflammatory wounds.

The authors consider the changing sensitivity of the leaf-onset date to temperature (S_T) for boreal deciduous broadleaf forests. S_T increased between 1982–1996 and 1998–2012—potentially linked to enhanced chilling accumulation—but this increase is underestimated in phenology models.

Natural hydrogen is generated through chemical and radioactive processes in the Earth’s crust, and could be an important future clean chemical feedstock and energy resource. This Review examines the processes of geological hydrogen generation, migration, accumulation and preservation that enable the development of exploitable reserves.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

Storms cool the Southern Ocean surface in summer mainly by deepening the mixed layer, but increased air–sea turbulent fluxes reduce ocean heat loss and partly offset the cooling, according to glider observations, reanalyses and satellite data.

Multi-omics profiling of Moso bamboo reveals that endophytic microbes—particularly Paenibacillus—modulate hormone signaling (auxin, cytokinin, and ABA) to fine-tune shoot development and accelerate rapid elongation.

Cryo-EM structures of the DCL4–RNA and DCL4–DRB4–RNA complexes reveal insights into the substrate selectivity of the DCL4–DRB4 cassette in 21-nucleotide siRNA biogenesis in plants, particularly its preference for longer RNA and lower specificity towards RNA termini.

Studying the condensation and intracellular interaction of membrane-anchored receptors and ligands is important for understanding physiological processes and stimulating therapeutic strategies. This study demonstrates that applied force affects protein condensation and interactions in a manner dependent on bond type and force distribution.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

The authors report single-pixel infrared imaging thermometry via diagonally aggregated encoding masks and non-iterative reconstruction for passive, non-contact, accurate mapping of inner canthi temperature variations linked to physiology and habits.

Kinks are topological solitons and central to many physical systems. Here, the authors experimentally demonstrate control and generation of zero-energy kinks in a topological mechanical metamaterial via acoustic waves and numerically show rich acoustic-wavekink dynamics in highly discrete systems.

Long-lived trapped-ion entanglement over 10 km of spooled fibre reaches the threshold where establishment exceeds loss, providing a critical building block for scalable quantum repeaters.

Zinc-metal batteries are restricted by their inherent high activity of aqueous electrolyte. Here, authors report the design of a new class of zinc-based hybrid metal halide solid-state electrolytes, offering a promising avenue for all-solid-state zinc batteries.

The results of a clinical trial of mazdutide, a dual glucagon and GLP-1 receptor agonist, in the context of type 2 diabetes show that it could hold promise as an add-on therapy to conventional oral anti-diabetic drugs.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Integrating computational analyses of T cell exhaustion and mitochondrial fitness atlases with in vivo CRISPR screens has identified KLHL6 as a dual-negative regulator of both exhaustion differentiation and mitochondrial dysfunction, highlighting its potential as a target to enhance anti-tumour immunity.

In the phase III NAPOLI-3 trial, first-line treatment with NALIRIFOX was associated with improved overall survival compared to gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Here the authors report the results of a randomized phase II trial comparing the two regimens, NALIRIFOX versus Gemcitabine plus Nab-Paclitaxel, in Chinese patients.

A model, trained to generate synthetic, patient-specific angiography images, reduced radiation exposure to patients and clinicians by two-thirds in a multicenter randomized controlled trial involving 1,068 patients.

Conventional organic polymeric resists and chemical solutions used in microlithographic techniques can damage sensitive materials. Here, the authors report the application of inorganic selenium molecules as a lithographic mediator and encapsulation layer during the processing of various sensitive materials, such as perovskites and black phosphorus.

Authors develop MuPPE, which enables integrated proteome, phosphoproteome, and glycoproteome profiling from a single sample, providing deeper biological insights into aging and drug-response mechanisms.

This study identified the molecular mechanisms that contribute to species specificity and compatibility between mosquito vectors and flavivirus species.

A short peptide derived from a commensal-fungal-secreted protein promotes repair in models of colon epithelial damage when delivered directly or via probiotic microbes.

The development of novel two-dimensional antiferromagnets is crucial for enhancing the performance of spintronic devices. Here, authors realize the synthesis of CrOCl monolayer films and nanosheets that exhibit excellent performance.

Leveraging electron-phonon coupling allows for modulating self-trapped exciton formation for broadband white-light emission. Using transient spectroscopy and DFT calculations, Zhang et al. correlate the structural distortion with self-trapped exciton formation in 2D halide perovskites.

The integration of high-κ dielectrics with low equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) is crucial for the development of 2D transistors. Here, the authors report the low-temperature fabrication of wafer-scale HfO₂ dielectric films with sub-5-Å EOT and their application for the realization of high-performance 2D MoS₂ transistors and circuits.