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Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Insects are crucial for ecosystem functioning but face multiple threats, including invasive alien species. Here the authors quantify impacts of invasive alien species on four insect orders, with effects varying by insect group and type of invader.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

There are limited data on mpox immunity in West Africa. In this study, authors present serological and genomic evidence of residual smallpox vaccination immunity and possibly unrecognized mpox exposure among ostensibly healthy Nigerian adults.

This study demonstrates the capability of deep learning protein design models in generating functionally validated β-strand pairing interfaces, expanding the structural diversity of de novo binding proteins and accessible target surfaces.

De novo structural variants are an important cause of rare disorders but remain poorly understood. Here, the authors analyse over 12,000 families and reveal the prevalence, diversity, and clinical impact of complex de novo structural variants.

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 affects both muscle and neuronal function, but its synaptic pathology is poorly understood. Here, the authors show that upregulation of FasII (NCAM1) in both pre- and postsynaptic cells synergistically drives neuropathological and behavioral DM1 phenotypes, which can be rescued by FasII knockdown or specific isoform modulation.

Female sex workers in East, Central and South Africa are a high-risk group for HIV infection. Here, the authors model the potential impact and cost effectiveness of a community-based support intervention for female sex workers in Zimbabwe.

SLFN11 is a predictive marker of chemosensitivity that results in elevated replication stress, but how it regulates replication fork dynamics remains unclear. Here, the authors use super-resolution microscopy to determine how SLFN11 inhibits the function of RFWD3- PRIMPOL to suppress fork restart.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Here the authors explore dynamic connectivity associated with rumination in a large adolescent cohort, revealing that adult models do not generalize, while exploratory analyses suggest that variability in default-mode network connections may predict rumination, highlighting challenges in understanding depression risk factors.

Mental health awareness campaigns aim to decrease stigma, increase help-seeking and improve mental health literacy. However, they might also negatively impact how individuals interpret, label and respond to mental health problems. In this Review, Foulkes et al. summarize evidence for the positive and negative psychological impacts of mental health awareness efforts.

Topological systems are limited to low dimensions. Here, authors unveil the topology of orbital angular momentum in two-dimensional skyrmion textures, connecting them to ’t Hooft-Polyakov magnetic monopoles, and in higher dimensions, uncovering a topological spectrum of 17000 invariants.

Covalent KRAS inhibitors show initial responses but resistance limits durability. Here drug-induced hapten peptides are identified and characterized, enabling production of high affinity, cross-HLA T cell engagers that stabilize low density hapten peptide MHCs to drive tumor-specific killing.

We collect fluorescence photons from a trapped ion into a chip-integrated single waveguide. We introduce a new grating design technique to extend the effective aperture of a large grating.

A previously uncharacterized microbial enzyme is responsible for the production of molecular hydrogen in the gut, which drives the growth of other bacteria and has implications for human health.

This study reveals that LBD transcription factors in the cambium drive radial plant growth by regulating PECTATE LYASE-LIKE (PLL) enzymes that remodel cell wall pectin, promoting cell expansion.

Since dark matter has never been directly detected, its interactions remains unknown. Here, the authors compare the motion of dark matter with standard matter particles at cosmological scales, and place limits on the strength of any additional fifth force.

The ferroptosis suppressor protein FSP1 has a critical role in ferroptosis protection of tumours across multiple in vivo models and is linked to worse prognosis in human lung adenocarcinoma, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target in lung cancer.

A modeling approach to assess the global risk of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 gene deletions identifies ten priority African countries for surveillance and could inform malaria control policies.

Antimatter remains an enigma – its absence in the universe is hitherto unexplained. Here, the authors report a breakthrough in the ability to study antihydrogen atoms to test fundamental symmetries. Antihydrogen atoms can now be accumulated at CERN at the previously unattainable rate of 2000 per hour.

Individuals with schizophrenia show reduced structural similarity in temporal, cingulate, and insular lobes, especially those with worse cognition and symptoms, affecting late maturing association areas with low metabolism and high neurotransmission.

During sea urchin development, the micromeres form via asymmetric cell division and act as organizers to induce gastrulation. Here they show that micromeres have unique metabolic characteristics and that disrupting their metabolic activity blocks gastrulation induction.

Here, the authors identify the microbiota-derived corisin as a driver of diabetic kidney fibrosis via cellular aging and show that targeting corisin with a monoclonal antibody alleviates disease in mice, suggesting a potential therapeutic avenue.

Flores et al. show that brain-penetrant eIF2B agonists suppress ISR activation in cellular and mouse models of ALS and reduce ISR biomarkers in humans, enabling further clinical studies of ISR inhibition in individuals with neurological diseases

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.

Multidrug efflux pumps actively expel a wide range of toxic substrates from bacteria and play a major role in drug resistance. Here authors show the in situ structure of the efflux pump AcrAB-TolC obtained by electron cryo-tomography and subtomogram averaging.

Neonicotinoid as insecticide on oilseed rape can reduce bee colony density, but its effect at a large geographical scale is unclear. This study describes 18-year long wild bee tracking data in England and show neonicotinoid use is correlated with wild bee population declines at real landscape scales.

Exome sequencing of 851 trios from more than 2,500 individuals finds 187 genes with de novo mutations that contribute to meningomyelocele (spina bifida) and highlights critical pathways required for neural tube closure.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.