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Neuronal human glycine transporter 2 (hGlyT2) is a target for non-opioid analgesics. Here, authors present four cryo-EM structures of hGlyT2 in three states, revealing transport and allosteric inhibition mechanisms for its safer pain drug design.

Farnesyl pyrophosphate—a mevalonate pathway metabolic intermediate—is an endogenous alarmin that enhances IgG antibody responses through keratinocyte-derived IL-6 and CCL20.

Ji, He, Cai, and colleagues report an engineered senescence therapy that exploits lipid metabolic features of senescent cells, repurposing excess lipids as functional resources to improve joint function, and thus alleviating osteoarthritis without eliminating the cells.

This study delineates lifespan changes in the sensorimotor-association gradient using multimodal neuroimaging data from 33,247 participants, revealing a pattern aligned with evolutionary, structural, and cognitive hierarchies within a unified neurodevelopmental framework.

High-latitude soils are future soil organic carbon loss hotspots, with losses dominated by particulate organic carbon (POC). The fraction of POC in total SOC (f_POC) is a key indicator, emphasizing the climate importance of preserving POC.

Bacteria of the genus Fusobacterium are associated with diverse diseases, but taxonomic ambiguities complicate species-level identification. Here, the authors describe practical methods for Fusobacterium species identification, which allows a reinterpretation of disease associations.

Electrically modulated metasurfaces manipulate light fields but suffer from high operating voltages, low tuning sensitivity, and a reliance on telecommunication bands. This work shows designs of electrically modulated plasmonic metasurfaces that enable continuous and reversible wavelength modulation with a tuning sensitivity up to ~ 1 nm/V at a CMOS-compatible voltage below 5 V in the visible and near-infrared light regime.

Taurine transporter TauT is a key drug target for multiple diseases. Here, authors reveal structure of human TauT in four states, showing how inhibitors mimic taurine and guiding future TauT-targeted drug design.

In a phase 1b trial, patients with treatment-naive metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma received the CD73 inhibitor quemliclustat plus gemcitabine and nabpaclitaxel with or without the anti-PD1 antibody zimberelimab, showing encouraging clinical response rates and survival in quemliclustat-treated patients.

Protein complexes are the machinery of life, yet mapping their structures across different species is challenging. This study presents an atlas of 1.1million cross-kingdom structures, revealing 181,671 high-confidence complexes that uncover new higher-order structures and evolutionary links.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

In a phase 1 trial enrolling six patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, treatment with lipid nanoparticles designed for base editing and inactivation of PCSK9 in hepatocytes showed preliminary evidence of reduced low-density lipoprotein levels without the occurrence of serious adverse events or evidence of off-target editing.

Coral reefs are declining globally, but regional degradation drivers are poorly quantified. This study reveals that coral loss in the northern South China Sea is predominantly linked to human coastal activities, suggesting that tailored local management may effectively reduce reef collapse.

This randomized open-label trial shows that hemoadsorption combined with hemodialysis reduces all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular events in patients with end-stage kidney disease compared to hemodialysis (mainly low-flux hemodialysis plus intermittent hemodiafiltration) alone.

Polar molecule-based magnetic materials capable of multistate switching have garnered significant interest for their potential applications in next-generation memory devices, sensors, and energy conversion. Here the authors report a trinuclear cyanide-bridged FeCo compound that exhibits photo- and thermo-induced ferroelectric phase transition and solvent-switched on-off ferroelectricity.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

Qi Wu and colleagues report a field trial integrating fixed and mobile networks over a single optical carrier using amplitude phase layered modulation. Their approach simultaneously delivers 128 Gb/s digital data and high fidelity analog wireless signals up to 16384-QAM over 109 km, supporting advanced modulation formats and achieving record performance, highlighting a scalable path toward converged 6G ready fiber infrastructures.

In this work, Wu et al. develop and present PolyCLOVER, a framework that integrates multi-stage learning, active learning, and high-throughput experimentation to iteratively discover potent, low-toxicity polymeric antibiotics without relying on external labelled data.

The crystal structure of the CHS-CHIL complex reveals a gating mechanism that enhances CHS activity and specificity. This conserved regulatory paradigm, validated by engineering a CHIL variant, offers strategies to improve flavonoid production in plants.

Neural mechanisms underlying social behavior are not fully understood. Here authors show two lateral septum neuron types in male mice that bidirectionally regulate social memory via distinct hippocampal-hypothalamic circuits.

Rice indica varieties have higher nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) than that of japonica varieties. Here, the authors show that natural variation of OsWRKY23 and its interaction with DULL NITROGEN RESPONSE1 (DNR1)-mediated auxin accumulation play a role in NUE divergence between the two rice subspecies.

By assembling into ‘virion vesicles’, the H129 strain of herpes simplex virus-1 hijacks synaptic machinery for its anterograde spread, co-opting voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels, Syt7 and SNAREs for presynaptic exit, then nectin-1/CME for postsynaptic entry.

Intrinsically stretchable logic gates and ring oscillators with stable performance up to 100% strain can be fabricated using complementary circuits that are solution processed and based on direct photo-patternable polymer semiconductors.

Liang et al. estimate the prevalence of text modified by large language models in recent scientific papers and preprints, finding widespread use (up to 17.5% of papers in computer science).

Oversimplified synthetic wastewater misjudges fouling drivers and distorts economics. This study reveals that organic synergies counterintuitively mitigate membrane fouling, advocating for compositional fidelity to bridge lab-industry gaps.

Online learning of rich spiking dynamics remains a major challenge in scalable neuromorphic modeling. Here, the authors introduce BrainTrace, an automated, memory-efficient framework that enables general online learning up to whole-brain scale.

Femtosecond laser pulse-induced coherent helicity switching of magnetic vortices in permalloy disks on picosecond timescales is reported.

Hong-Xuan Lin, Ji-Ping Gao, Jun-Xiang Shan and colleagues show that natural variation in a proteasome α2 subunit gene contributes to thermotolerance in African rice. Their follow-up studies suggest that the variant allele protects cells from heat stress by enhancing the elimination of cytotoxic denatured proteins and maintaining heat-response processes.

Pertpy serves as a one-stop and performant framework for single-cell perturbation data analysis.

Bioisosteric replacement of benzenes with caged hydrocarbons can form enhanced lead compounds with improved drug-like properties, but synthetic challenges limit their application. Now, a collective strategy for synthesizing saturated bioisosteres of 1,2,4-trisubstituted and disubstituted benzenes has been developed. This strategy involves constructing 2-thiabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane scaffolds via cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes and mercaptoacetaldehyde.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

Androgenetic alopecia is the most common type of hair loss, but its drivers remain poorly elucidated. Here, the authors show that hyperactive contraction of the follicle connective tissue sheath impairs hair growth by activating mechanosensitive signaling, suggesting a tractable therapeutic target.

The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory demonstrates evidence of spin correlations in \(\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\) hyperon pairs inherited from virtual spin-correlated strange quark–antiquark pairs during QCD confinement.

This study maps how insect wings form by charting cell fate changes in the silkworm wing disc over time. The authors identify a central fate-transition cell population and show how the hormone 20E rapidly accelerates wing development through coordinated gene regulation.

Molecular bilayer crystals of an organic semiconductor can exhibit metallic charge transport down to 8 K with an electrical conductivity of up to 245 S cm⁻¹, as well as charge carrier mobility values of more than 100 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ at 20 K.

Xue et al. develop a foundation model for spectral analysis. It excels in multiple tasks, such as denoising spectra and quantifying trace molecules, and is especially promising in identifying metabolic biomarkers of diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer’s disease and prostate cancer.

Soft robotic devices, with tissue-like materials, structures and functions, are emerging as promising alternatives to rigid devices for cardiovascular disease, which have several fundamental limitations. In this Review, Ji and colleagues discuss three emerging frontiers in which soft robotic devices are redefining cardiovascular medicine: simulators, interventional instruments and implants for vascular disease, arrhythmia and heart failure.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

Germano-silicate used as a building material for integrated photonics circuits substantially reduces optical losses, approaching levels comparable to those in optical fibres.

Developing polymer composites which combine high strength, toughness, and impact resistance remains challenging. Here the authors propose a toughening strategy that integrates a trabecular interlock architecture with a stress-adaptive interface to enable efficient energy dissipation under mechanical loading.

Hemifacial spasms are hard to monitor and counteract. Here, the authors develop an eyewear-based closed-loop system that detects spasms via triboelectric sensors and triggers facial nerve stimulation, reducing spasm severity.

A dual-branch framework that disentangles cell states from drug-induced regulatory shifts to predict transcriptional responses is presented. It captures nonlinear dose–time dynamics and excels in generalizing to unseen cellular contexts.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

Nontrivial topologies are long believed to survive only in gapped systems, yet recent progress suggests their existence even at quantum critical points. By preparing low-lying states on a superconducting processor up to 100 qubits and applying entanglement Hamiltonian tomography, the authors experimentally observe these nontrivial topological properties and suggest low-lying states as useful quantum resources.

Hepatocyte-specific GPR110 mediates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis progression by regulating hepatic oestrogen sensitivity in a sex-specific manner, specifically in female mice.