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Molecular devices offer the potential for the scalability and energy efficiency required to develop energy-sustainable AI. Zhang et al. report a single-molecule neuromorphic device that consumes 6.34 aJ per operation and support both short-term to long-term memory, featuring over 10 distinct conductance states.

Blue light promotes DNA repair in plants via cryptochrome signalling. Here the authors report that this occurs via suppression of COP1 mediated degradation of the repair factor ADA2b and propose that together photoreceptors and COP1 balance genome stability with growth under fluctuating light.

Aerogel fibers face intrinsic trade-offs between mechanical robustness and thermal insulation. Here, the authors report ion-mediated, attenuated Coulombic assembly of recyclable heterocyclic aramid nanofibers to programmatically control hierarchical pore structure achieving high tensile strength and ultralow thermal conductivity.

The identification of ‘boosters’ that drive gene overexpression directly in a CAR construct provides a simple and scalable strategy for developing effective CAR-NK cell therapies for solid tumours.

An enzyme that specifically recognizes dephospho-CoA (dpCoA)-capped RNAs is used to quantify dpCoA-RNAs in cells.

Tip-focused radiofrequency perforation enables soft, bloodless implantation of flexible electronic hairs, advancing semi-implantable electrophysiology for prosthetics and human–machine interfaces.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown limited efficacy in recurrent high-grade astrocytoma (rHGA). Here the authors report the results of a Phase 1/randomized Phase 2b trial of laser interstitial thermal therapy followed by anti-PD1 pembrolizumab in patients with rHGA.

Diagnosing breast cancer through MRI is limited by high false-positive rates and inter- reader variability, leading to unnecessary biopsies. In here, the authors find that the BI-RADS 4 Lesions Analysis System (BL4AS) model improves diagnostic accuracy and reduces unnecessary biopsies as well as inter-reader variability

High-throughput and low-input quantitative citrullinome analysis integrated with deep learning reveals association between citrullinome landscape and rheumatoid arthritis severity, as well as rheumatoid arthritis-sera reactivity of identified citrullinated peptides.

The efficient mass transport is the key factor to advancing the flow-electrocatalytic chemosynthesis. Here, the authors design a flow-through architecture in flow electrolyzer, reinforcing mass transport in the electrolyte to achieve the high efficiency of continuous oxime electrosynthesis.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

This study demonstrates that a single antibody exhibits distinct binding modes with SARS-CoV-2 WT and Omicron variants, correlating with neutralization loss. The underlying mechanisms offer insights into enhanced neutralization.

Xia et al. introduce GerNA-Bind, a geometric deep learning framework designed to predict RNA–ligand binding specificity by integrating multistate RNA–ligand interactions.

The efficiency of palladium catalyzed CO₂ electroreduction is severely hindered by catalyst deactivation. Here, the authors report that engineering a palladium-fullerene interface enhances resistance to deactivation, enabling energy-efficient CO₂-to-formate conversion over a broad potential window.

Large vision language models hold promise for breast cancer imaging, however, their results can vary. Here, the authors introduce MammoVQA as a mammogram visual question answering benchmark.

Plants utilize anion channels to adapt to environmental stresses. Here, authors elucidate the coordinated regulatory mechanisms within the SLAH family and demonstrate that tRNA molecules directly bind to and inhibit the SLAH1 anion channel.

Accurately predicting immunotherapy efficacy remains challenging. Here, the authors report a multiplexed blood-based assay using self-assembled, dual-target responsive DNA hydrogels for detection of soluble programmed death-ligand 1 and lactate dehydrogenase which can be used as a tool to help evaluate and predict immunotherapy response.

This work reports the growth of inch-scale diamond wafers with a hardness of 208.3 GPa via high-frequency pulsed local non-equilibrium CVD, revealing a stacking-fault-driven ultrahard mechanism.

The underlying mechanisms for drug resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) are not completely understood. Here, the authors show that succinate accumulation, associated with succinate dehydrogenase deficiency, impairs the activity of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC12 leading to tumor-promoting protein accumulation and drug resistance in AML.

Ethylene glycol is commercially produced from ethylene under energy-intensive thermocatalytic conditions. Now a cascade electrochemical heterogeneous system can produce ethylene glycol from ethylene or from CO₂ under ambient conditions using electrocatalytically generated H₂O₂ and an integrated catalyst/solid-acid composite.

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about increased neuropsychiatric conditions in children and youths, with potential links to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, the authors analyze EHR data from 25 institutions, showing that COVID-19 positive children and youths have a modestly increased risk of developing neuropsychiatric conditions, such as anxiety, depression, and ADHD, compared to those who tested negative.

Semiconductor quantum dots that simultaneously support blue and yellow emission offer a route to realizing efficient white light-emitting diodes.

Moiré structures often exhibit long-range order. Here, the authors use scanning tunneling microscopy to identify an incommensurate moiré structure with a short-range-ordered charge density modulation.

SARS-CoV-2 mainly transmits via respiratory droplets. Here Deng et al. show that SARS-CoV-2 can infect rhesus macaques via ocular conjunctival inoculation.

This work demonstrates a thin-film lithium niobate modulator with an 800-nm operational bandwidth covering from near- to mid-infrared region, enabling single-lane 240 Gbps and 170 Gbps PAM-4 transmission at all O-U bands and 2-μm band, respectively.

Realizing the 1.5 °C target could advance WHO Air Quality Guidelines compliance by decades, preventing over one million deaths and delivering significant benefits. The monetized health co-benefits will exceed mitigation costs in most regions.

Regulating oxidative phosphorylation and restoring redox homeostasis are crucial in neurological disorders. Here, the authors develop a top-down membrane self-assembly strategy to develop stem cell-derived artificial organelles (SAOs) that mimic mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation without the risks associated with stem cell therapy.

Influenza B/Yamagata lineage has rarely been detected since COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions were introduced, while transmission of other influenza lineages resumed. Here, the authors investigate reasons for the probable extinction of the B/Yamagata lineage by analysing viral, environmental, and host-related factors.

Peripheral nerve transfer can restore motor functions of the upper limbs after peripheral nerve injuries. Here, the authors developed an implantable multisite optogenetic stimulation system for wireless evaluation of peripheral nerve plexus with sub nerve resolution.

Lu et al. characterize cis-regulatory element dynamics at different stages of colorectal cancer progression and identify a functional variant associated with increased colorectal cancer risk because of selective transcription factor binding.

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from computed tomography could significantly contribute to guiding lung cancer surgery, but requires comprehensive clinical validation. Here, the authors test the effectiveness of an AI-driven 3D reconstruction system for lung cancer surgery in a retrospective, multi-center, multi-reader, multi-case study.

The fast skin-permeable polyzwitterion poly[2-(N-oxide-N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] may enable non-invasive transdermal delivery of insulin, and potentially facilitate the use of other protein- and peptide-based therapeutics through transdermal delivery.

DNA damage from chemotherapy can activate cGAS–STING and interferon pathways. Here, the authors show that cGAS–STING signaling is specific to DNA rich in CA repeats, whereas DNA not rich in CA repeats is detected by AIM2, resulting in opposing tumor immune responses.

Despite substantial interest in exploiting ferroptosis — an iron-mediated, lipid peroxidation-driven form of cell death — for cancer therapy, progress towards clinical translation has been limited. This comprehensive Review describes the major barriers that have restricted ferroptosis-based therapeutic development as well as emerging opportunities presented by new ferroptosis-inducing agents, biomarker-guided patient selection and rational combination treatments.

RSV hijacks cholesterol or autophagy pathways to facilitate optimal replication. Here, the authors show that RSV-mediated changes in lysosomal cholesterol metabolism promote RSV-F accumulation in lysosomes by blocking autophagy flux, thereby facilitating viral replication.

The red fluorescent protein mScarlet3-H is bright, photostable and very robust to high temperature, chaotropic conditions and oxidative environments. mScarlet3-H works well in correlative light and electron microscopy, tissue clearing and time-lapse super-resolution microscopy.