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CRISPR–Cas tools enable genome regulation but are often too large for efficient AAV delivery. Here, authors engineer a compact enhanced TnpB–ωRNA system (enTnpB) as a versatile genome regulation platform and develop a single-AAV regimen, ImmunAct, to activate endogenous cytokines and enhance cancer immunotherapy.

The underlying formation mechanism and evolution of the ferroelectric phase in hafnium dioxide-based crystals is under debate. Here, the authors characterize the phase transitions and reveal the accompanying atomic movements in a co-doped crystal.

High-resolution satellite data enables a unique verification of national methane emissions worldwide. Global estimates are 63 Tg a⁻¹ for oil-gas, 30% higher than the UNFCCC reports due to under-reporting by four largest emitters, and 33 Tg a⁻¹ for coal, consistent with previous estimates.

The unfolded protein response is activated at the ER due to protein misfolding. Here the authors show that in Magnaporthe oryzae, the plasma membrane localized MoPh1 protein perceives stress through ER-PM contact sites and stimulates autophagy to support stress relief.

An artificial intelligence system can produce research papers with minimal human involvement, even passing the first round of peer review for the workshop of a main machine learning conference.

Tight regulation of thymic T cell development is critical for immune homeostasis and leukemia prevention. Here, the authors identify USP10 as a MYC-induced deubiquitinase stabilizing SOX4 in early T cell development and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia progression, while USP10 inhibition delays leukemogenesis in mice.

Here authors generate a multi-omics atlas of the perinatal Bama miniature pig brain, revealing a conserved developmental inflection point marked by large-scale transcriptomic and proteomic shifts associated with synaptogenesis and gliogenesis.

The magnetooptical Kerr effect was discovered in the 19th century, and is still a critical characterization technique for materials today. Typically the effect arises from spin-orbit coupling, net magnetization, or a combination of the two, but here, Farhang, Lu and coauthors find a magneto-optical Kerr effect arising from scalarspin-chirality in the non-collinear antiferromagnet, Co_1/3TaS₂.

Here, the authors report the fabrication of broadband flexible photodetectors based on composite graphene-copper phthalocyanine heterojunctions, showing that a moderate external pressure can enhance the performance of the devices. The detectors were also applied for simultaneous contact sensing and non-contact perception as electronic skin sensors.

Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is a regulatory element involved in genomic stability and gene regulation. This study identifies widespread eccDNA in early mammalian embryos. These eccDNAs arise from active genomic regions, increase during a major wave of gene activation, and can regulate key developmental genes.

A structural templating method transforms layered oxide materials to achieve stable ferroelectric phase with vertical polarization and thermal stability up to 350 °C, facilitating high-performance data storage for future computing technologies.

Distinct KIF1A mutations cause neurological disease, but the mechanism for many variants remains unclear. Here, the authors use cryo-EM and motility assays to show that R350 mutations disrupt a conserved, conformation-dependent kinesin–tubulin salt bridge, altering motor function.

Osteoarthritis is driven by epigenetic dysregulation, yet targeted therapies remain elusive. Here, the authors develop a cartilage-targeting hydrogel delivering BRD4-degrading PROTACs to suppress the BRD4- Nav1.7 axis and alleviate osteoarthritis.

This randomized open-label trial shows that hemoadsorption combined with hemodialysis reduces all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular events in patients with end-stage kidney disease compared to hemodialysis (mainly low-flux hemodialysis plus intermittent hemodiafiltration) alone.

Conversion-type batteries face performance decay under high loading due to shuttle effects and sluggish kinetics. Here, authors introduce an f-d orbital tag-team catalysis mechanism using cerium single-atom catalysts, achieving a competitive iodine loading of 44.7 mg cm⁻² and an areal capacity of 10.2 mAh cm⁻² in zinc–iodine batteries.

Meiotic sex chromosome inactivation is essential for spermatogenesis, but how transcription is silenced after initiation remains unclear. Here, authors show that nucleolar components NPM1, SENP3 and rRNA form a phase-separated compartment that excludes RNA polymerase II to enforce XY chromosome silencing.

The hydrogen peroxide generation represents a promising avenue for sustainable chemical production. Here, the authors report a structure-adaptive electrocatalyst that stabilizes the valence state of single-atom Ni sites during the reaction, enabling the continuous output of hydrogen peroxide at 300 mA cm⁻².

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening degenerative vascular disease in which macrophage-driven inflammation plays a central role. Here the authors show that macrophage Gsα promotes AAA by stabilizing NLRP3 inflammasome activity, while Gsα silencing via lipid nanoparticles suppresses inflammation and disease progression.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease involving disrupted metabolic and mitochondrial regulation. Here the authors show that REV-ERBα protects against PAH by repressing BNIP3-driven mitophagy in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells, revealing a potential circadian-based therapeutic target.

Converting syngas into high-value long-chain alcohols is a major industrial challenge due to poor product selectivity. This study achieves 80% selectivity through a modular catalytic design that boosts carbon efficiency while minimizing waste.

Liang Guang et al revealed that cardiac CDK9 is activated in hypertrophic myocardium and directly binds to NF-κB P65, promoting its phosphorylation to drive inflammation and remodeling. This finding identifies CDK9 as a potential therapeutic target for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

The challenge of integrating multiple energy inputs impedes multi-energy water oxidation. Here, the authors report a pulsed-energy strategy using ultrasonic pretreatment for transient electrolyte polarization, promoting the Grotthuss-type OH⁻ transport and activating dual low-energy lattice oxygen pathways.

Electrochemical nitrate reduction rivals Haber-Bosch ammonia synthesis rates but suffers from poor energy efficiency. Here, the authors show that underpotential deposited hydrogen can be unlocked to accelerate nitrate conversion, offering an pathway to energy-efficient ammonia production.

Despite rapid development of model algorithms, more evidence is needed on the widespread clinical implementation of auto-segmentation tools. In this prospective, multicenter, observational trial, the authors find that AI-assisted delineation performs better than manual delineation while improving time efficiency and reducing performance metrics variability across centers and physicians with varying expertise.

Ischemic stroke involves complex peripheral and central pathologies. Here, authors develop a spatially tiered strategy using dual stiffness nanoparticles for compartment-specific drug delivery, offering a synergistic treatment paradigm.

Achieving high power scaling in ultrawide bandgap electronics remains challenging. Here, the authors present a Ga₂O₃ module using a high permittivity interface that enables fast megawatt pulsed switching with improved thermal performance.

The Newtonian fluid photocatalyst composed of imidazole framework and light-excitable liquid chain can be firmly attached to different types of carriers through printing for easier photocatalytic scaling up and more stable CO₂ photoreduction.

Periodontitis treatment is challenged by senescent stem cells in the periodontal niche. Here, authors develop a multifunctional hydrogel that alleviates hypoxia and stem cell aging, and restores microbial balance to accelerate regeneration.

Persistent luminescence is promising for photodynamic therapy in deep-seated tumors, but the uncontrollability of light within the body complicates precise spatiotemporal regulation. Here, the authors report X-ray preactivated elimusertib-loaded tumor-targeted photodynamic nanoparticles with controllable “on-off-on” afterglow properties for the treatment of deep-seated tumors.

This work reports the discovery of a giant in-plane Hall effect in a nonmagnetic half Heusler compound, demonstrating magneto-cubic behavior over a wide temperature range and identifying extrinsic mechanisms as the dominant origin.

Many deep learning approaches for fluorescence image restoration are task-specific and lack generalisability. Here, the authors present FluoResFM, a foundation model for multi-task and cross-distribution fluorescence microscopy image restoration. This model achieves superior restoration performance across diverse tasks, objects and imaging conditions.

The impact of cooling through the Eocene-Oligocene transition on the marine biosphere is not well constrained. Here the authors construct a high-resolution record of foraminiferal species richness history spanning this transition that reveals differential diversity trends depending on foraminiferal habitat and life mode.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disease of premature infants with unclear mechanisms. Here, the authors show that CD177⁺ neutrophil–platelet aggregates promote neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-linked thromboinflammation in NEC and that blocking CD177/NET formation or low-molecular-weight heparin alleviates disease in mouse models.

Endocsymbiosis is known to fuel deep-sea life, while ectosymbiosis remains poorly understood. Analysing the genome of a cold-seep scallop, this study uncovers key adaptations to the deep sea and metabolic complementarity with chemosynthetic bacteria on its gill surface.

High-latitude soils are future soil organic carbon loss hotspots, with losses dominated by particulate organic carbon (POC). The fraction of POC in total SOC (f_POC) is a key indicator, emphasizing the climate importance of preserving POC.

When many people are speaking, e.g. at a party, we can selectively attend to just one speaker. Here, using ‘hyperscanning’, the authors show that interpersonal neural synchronization is selectively increased between a listener and the attended speaker, compared to between the listener and an unattended speaker.

Global cropland subsoil hides a “biogeochemical engine” where crop roots, soil texture, nitrifier communities, and hydrological conditions interact to fuel nitrification, silently driving soil acidification and groundwater nitrate pollution.

Capacitive sensors based on electronic polarization typically exhibit low sensitivity as their dielectric modulation is confined to a single mode. Here, the authors develop a dielectric-gradient all-fiber non-ionic electronic skin that converts interfacial impedance into signal amplification for tactile sensing.

This long-term, large-scale intervention and follow-up MRI study suggests that sustained visceral fat loss, rather than weight loss, is linked to better cognition and attenuation of brain atrophy years later, mainly via improved glycaemic control.

Climate warming alters plant lifecycles, but the extent of these shifts is also determined by plants’ inherent traits, not just climate.

Hydrogen movement on catalyst surfaces shapes how effectively reactions form useful products. This study shows that subtle surface tuning greatly boosts hydrogen flow and enables highly efficient solar-driven conversion of carbon dioxide to methane.

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) causes severe yield and quality loss in cereal crops worldwide. Here, the authors report a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel/Ca^2 + -permeable channel encoding protein negatively regulate PHS and its involvement in modulating of calcium and hormonal signaling pathways in wheat.

The flammability of the Li electrode impedes its safe application in a battery. Here, the authors develop a layered Li electrode design to eliminate corrosion between Li metal and fire retardant, and smart release fire retardant against Li combustion during heating conditions, enabling a safe Li metal battery.

Protein complexes are the machinery of life, yet mapping their structures across different species is challenging. This study presents an atlas of 1.1million cross-kingdom structures, revealing 181,671 high-confidence complexes that uncover new higher-order structures and evolutionary links.