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Streptococcal S protein activates a peptidoglycan cell wall repair and modification complex to promote resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to lysozyme and LL-37, and increase virulence during infection.

Hodgkin Reed Sternberg (HRS) cells and their surrounding microenvironment in Hodgkin lymphoma remain poorly characterized. Here, the authors perform genome-wide transcriptional profiling with spatial and single-cell resolution to explore the cellular and molecular composition of the Hodgkin lymphoma microenvironment and used machine learning to identify IL13 as a potential HRS cell survival factor.

Empirical evidence that parasite-encoded tyrosine hydroxylases (TgTH), and hence parasite-produced dopamine, contribute to Toxoplasma gondii-associated behavioural alterations within the rat host.

Standard first line therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer is immunotherapy but responses vary and consistent predictive biomarkers are lacking. Here, using RNA-sequencing data from a large clinical trial in NSCLC patients, the authors define four molecular subsets with distinct tumour-intrinsic and -extrinsic features with differing outcomes to immunotherapy combinations.

Rising atmospheric aridity may be an important driver of tree growth. Here the authors present analyse the global relationship between tree canopy height and vapour pressure deficit, and its potential shifts under future climate change.

A recent multicentre study has assessed the risk of relapse in patients with multiple sclerosis who switched from natalizumab to fingolimod treatment. Despite such efforts, no effective exit strategy from natalizumab treatment has yet been demonstrated for these patients.

In this Review, Martín-Cófreces, Calzada-Fraile and Sánchez-Madrid describe the bidirectional communication that occurs at immune synapses, focusing on the crosstalk between T cells and dendritic cells. They explain how this dialogue shapes the immune functions of both interacting cell types and discuss how an improved understanding of these processes could help in the design of more effective immunotherapies.

In this work, authors present an AI framework to detect pediatric tuberculosis by using both frontal and lateral chest X-rays, showing robust performance across several age groups and settings.

How do bacteria control formate flow, essential for microbial life? Researchers detected specialized molecular checkpoints that fine-tune small-molecule transport by combining cryo-electron microscopy with in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches.

High-depth sequencing of non-cancerous tissue from patients with metastatic cancer reveals single-base mutational signatures of alcohol, smoking and cancer treatments, and reveals how exogenous factors, including cancer therapies, affect somatic cell evolution.

Npm1 promotes tumor formation via attenuating the integrated stress response and p53 activation in mouse WNT-driven intestinal and liver tumorigenesis.

BPTF is a scaffolding subunit of the nucleosome remodeling factor (NURF) complex. Here the authors show that BPTF is upregulated in prostate cancer cells, increases chromatin accessibility at Androgen Receptor (AR)-binding sites, and stabilizes the AR-FOXA1 complex.

Here the authors report that brown adipocyte-derived vaspin reduces heat-producing activity in brown fat by blocking adrenergic signals, helping to regulate energy expenditure and maintain metabolic balance.

In this work, fragments identified by 19F-NMR are optimized into submicromolar binders of the MITF transcription factor. These results support direct targeting of bHLH-LZ DNA binding domains and provide a foundation for the development of new melanoma therapies.

Organisms vary in their nitrogen and phosphorus content, shaping ecological and evolutionary processes. This study shows that nitrogen deposition is a consistent global factor associated with plant and animal stoichiometry.

Scholze et al. investigate individual UV exposure and 25(OH)D₃ metabolism in a one-year observational study. While UV exposure triggers vitamin D₃ production, the body strongly modulates the resulting 25(OH)D₃ concentrations through 25(OH)D₃ synthesis efficiency and degradation, with the seasonal pattern mirroring local temperature fluctuations.

Combined hormonal therapy and CDK4/6 inhibition face resistance challenges in endometrial cancer. Here, the authors present a phase 2, one-arm clinical trial, where metformin is combined with letrozole (hormonal therapy) and abemaciclib (a CDK4/6 inhibitor) reporting safety and efficacy in patients with endometrial cancer.

Platelets are known to have functions beyond those in thrombosis and haemostasis. Here the authors use multi-colour flow cytometry and proteomics to analyse platelet phenotypes in psoriatic disease and proteins that are potentially involved in the interaction of platelets with immune cells.

Structure-specific endonucleases play an important role in several DNA repair pathways. Here the authors present structures of the endonuclease XPF-ERCC1 in complex with SLX4, SLX4IP, and DNA. Combined with functional analysis, these results provide insight into the mechanisms of XPF-ERCC1 recruitment and activation during DNA repair.

This study elucidates nanoscopic strain evolution in single-crystal Ni-rich positive electrodes, demonstrating that mechanical failure results from lattice distortions, and redefines the roles of cobalt and manganese in battery cycling stability.

The ALICE Collaboration provides details on the microscopic mechanism that ends up creating antideuteron in high-energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Polariton interferometry reveals flat-band ultrastrong coupling between phonons and surface plasmon polaritons over a large wavevector range.

Caspase 8 protein expression is largely absent in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. Here, the authors generate a caspase 8 deletion SCLC mouse model and show that it promotes a neuronal progenitor-like cell state and pre-tumoral immunosuppression triggered by necroptosis that promotes metastasis.

Kalia et al. investigate metabolic changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using blood metabolomics, and show that lysophosphatidylcholines are associated with early amyloidosis in AD as measured by P-tau181 and P-tau217.

In this work, the authors show that the essential Mycoplasma pneumoniae protein P116 enables cholesterol acquisition from lipoproteins and various cell types. An antibody against its C-terminal domain inhibits lipid acquisition, growth, and plaque binding, linking M. pneumoniae to atherosclerotic lipid-rich tissue.

A study of several longitudinal birth cohorts and cross-sectional cohorts finds only moderate overlap in genetic variants between autism that is diagnosed earlier and that diagnosed later, so they may represent aetiologically different conditions.

We show that FOXF2 maintains cerebrovascular function through Tie2 signaling, and that pharmacological activation of Tie2 with AKB-9778 rescues deficits in cerebral small vessel disease and stroke.

Photonic processors are limited by the bulkiness of discrete components and wiring complexity. An experiment now demonstrates a reprogrammable two-dimensional waveguide that performs neural network inference through multimode wave propagation.

Cannabis exposure is a critical concern, particularly during adolescence. This study shows that tetrahydrocannabinol-induced cognitive deficits are mediated by a specific astrocytic ensemble in the nucleus accumbens whose manipulation prevents and reverses these effects.

A tension-modulated DNA origami-based nanosensor, compatible with bulk biochemical analysis in cell lysates, is used to assess the force-induced interaction of proteins involved in cellular mechanotransduction.

HIV remission of more than 6 years was achieved in a patient with functional viral co-receptors after CCR5 wild-type/Δ32 allogeneic stem cell transplantation, providing evidence of other mechanisms that can be harnessed to attain long-term remission.

The alveolate alga Chromera velia is a close relative of parasitic apicomplexans that possesses an unusual Photosystem I. Here, the authors present the cryo-EM structure of this complex, revealing several novel subunits, including a bound superoxide-dismutase heterodimer.

Krisai et al. compare brain structure and cognitive function in elderly patients with and without atrial fibrillation using brain MRI and cognitive testing. They find that atrial fibrillation is associated with more brain lesions and lower cognitive function, but the cognitive impairment occurs primarily through direct effects of the arrhythmia rather than through brain damage.

Funding for new battery research projects in Germany was reduced drastically for 2024 and 2025, with some funding planned to be restored. Martin Winter argues that the disruption has broad impacts on research and investment.

Here, the authors realize in-situ, tunable up-conversion luminescence in a monolayer semiconductor via an optical cavity in the strong light-matter coupling regime, and demonstrate nonlinear up-conversion as an efficient injection scheme of exciton-polariton populations.

This study shows that supernova material was delivered to the early Solar System by interstellar ices, explaining isotope variations and revealing that even inner planets like Earth and Mars accreted water-rich material from the outer Solar System.

CellSAM uses an object detector, CellFinder, to detect cells and prompt the Segment Anything Model (SAM) to generate segmentations. This universal model achieves human-level performance across a range of bioimaging data encompassing mammalian cells, yeast and bacteria.

Elevated intracellular Cu converts CTR1 trimers to monomers at Rab5⁺ sites prior to endocytosis, rapidly halting Cu uptake; an endocytosis-deficient mutant fails to mount this response.

Pathogenic BRCA2 truncating variants in heterozygosis drive distinct cancer-linked mechanisms. Here the authors show that one causes PARPi sensitivity and HR loss via haploinsufficiency, while another expresses a truncated protein that rewires transcription by hijacking PCAF, reducing H4 acetylation and NF-κB activity.