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Using single-cell transcriptomics and functional analyses, the authors identify a specialized neural network in the male schistosome gynecophoric canal and show that lsamp maintains its integrity, enabling intersex communication and female reproductive maturation.

This study defines tissue- and sex-specific N- and O-glycoproteomes of adult Schistosoma mansoni, uncovers novel and HexA-modified glycans, shows glycosylation is essential for parasite survival, and reveals vaccine candidates as glycoproteins.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

This study finds HFD downregulates RKIP expression via inhibiting its Spalmitoylation. This impairs translation of PEMT, an essential enzyme for ER lipid homeostasis, exacerbating PC/PE imbalance and ER stress, thereby driving MAFLD progression.

Xu, Kong, Li, Pisignano and colleagues provide a map of pseudouridine sites in human noncoding RNA. Using a systematic knockout approach, they associate each pseudouridine site with the activity of a specific pseudouridine synthase.

Pulmonary fibrosis involves chronic inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling but the contribution of neutrophils is unclear. Here the authors show that reverse-migrating neutrophils anchored in the lung extracellular matrix exacerbate fibrosis via ICAM1 and macrophage derived cathepsin C.

Lan et al. demonstrate the high performance of plasma p-tau217 in detecting and tracking multiple aspects of Alzheimer’s disease pathology, outperforming other plasma tau biomarkers across two Chinese cohorts (GHABS and Huashan) and the North American ADNI cohort.

Interannual variation in tree intrinsic water use efficiency is largely controlled by water availability. Here, the authors find that this constraint has strengthened over the past six decades, particularly for gymnosperms, primarily due to rising atmospheric CO₂ and increasing climatic dryness.

ERα^vlVMH neurons mediate the inhibitory role of 17β-oestradiol on prolactin production, and this inhibition is lifted in lactating mice to promote lactation-associated metabolic adaptations.

Cleavage by pathogen-derived proteases of an engineered chimeric protein activates its plant immune receptor component, enabling broad-spectrum resistance to pathogens in plants.

Olfactory perception of food-derived odors influences feeding behavior, but the underlying neural pathways remain unclear. Here, the authors show that prolonged exposure to food odor suppresses food intake and body weight gain by activating an olfactory bulb–hypothalamus circuit.

A natural pathway in rice and in seven other major crop species degrades 57–89% of accumulated methylmercury and releases Hg into the air. The MeHg demethylation within rice mitigates Hg flux into human food webs, diminishing human cognitive damage and generating global economic benefits of US$30.7–84.2 billion.

Liu and colleagues examine how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants evade CD8⁺ T cell epitope recognition.

The conventional method for synthesizing thioether compounds typically relies on thiol, disulfide, and sulfinyl halide as initial substances, suffering from strong odors, limited availability, and reactivity issues. Here, the authors present an approach for assembling S-thiosulfonates and SS-thiosulfonates through the integration of dual copper/photoredox catalysis

Glutamatergic neurons in the parvocellular part of the medial vestibular nucleus mediate motion-induced hypothermia and can be targeted to prevent diet-induced obesity.

A study presents the results of surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in animal and environmental samples from a market linked to early human cases of coronavirus disease 2019.

SARS-CoV-2 variants with immune escape capability highlight the need for the development of cross-neutralising vaccines and regimens. Here, the authors assess the immunogenicity and safety of NVSI-06-08, that integrates antigens from multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains into a single immunogen, as a heterologous booster in adults previously vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine.

Immune checkpoint blockade therapy for cancer is promising, but delivery optimization is desirable. Here the authors generate cancer-targeting liposomes with anti-PD-L1 and doxorubicin for protease-mediated intratumoral release of both components, and see effective tumor control in mouse models, thereby hinting potential clinical translation.

The authors identify a neural population in the basal forebrain of mice that is key for maintaining energy balance by facilitating homoeostatic feeding while suppressing hedonic overeating.

CD47 blockade can trigger T cell-mediated destruction of immunogenic tumors. Here the authors show that, by reprograming tumor cell metabolism toward OXPHOS for ATP production, tumor cell-intrinsic type I IFN signaling is required for CD47-SIRPa blockade efficacy.

This study reveals neuronal targets of Lac-Phe in the hypothalamus that mediate its suppression of food intake.

Neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg) in rice poses health risks. This study explores the roles of various cropland microbial communities in MeHg formation on a large scale and identifies that Geobacteraceae are the key predictors of MeHg bioaccumulation in paddy soil systems, which holds the potential for mitigating global mercury exposure.

Identification and characterization of variants in HTR2C in people with severe obesity, reveals a role for serotonin 2C receptor in regulation of appetite, weight and behavior.

Grb10, an adaptor protein known to regulate insulin signalling, can interact with the leptin receptor for enhancement of leptin signalling in hypothalamic AgRP and POMC neurons in mice.

Platinum group metal- and iron-free catalysts are highly desirable for the oxygen reduction reaction in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. Now, Wu and co-workers show a carbon catalyst with atomically dispersed single Mn sites as an efficient catalyst with enhanced stability in acidic media.

Lymphoid progenitors migrate from the bone marrow into the thymus to give rise to T and NK cell lineages. Here the authors characterize a lymphotoxin receptor beta-dependent population of thymic endothelial cells that guide lymphoid progenitor homing in the thymus.

Quasicrystals with structural symmetries forbidden in crystals have been found in alloys or mono-component systems composed of anisotropic units. Zu et al. show a formation of two-dimensional quasicrystals in an isotropic soft solid with a spring-like potential, which challenges the existing theory.

UHRF1 is involved in the maintenance of DNA methylation, but the regulatory mechanism of this epigenetic regulator is unclear. Here, the authors show that it has a closed conformation and are able to make conclusions about the mechanism of recognition of epigenetic marks.

In DNA demethylation, human TET proteins are evolutionarily tuned to be less reactive towards 5hmC and facilitate its generation as a potentially stable mark for regulatory functions.