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Here, the authors find that time-varying brain network analysis better captures cognitive processing than static methods and reveals network measurement linked to task performance and psychopathology that offer precise neural markers for mental health risks.

Neural mechanism underlying behavioural flexibility is not fully understood. Here authors study decision-making of macaques in a reversal task. They identify two complementary cognitive processes. Distinct neural patterns link these processes to the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus.

Superradiance is usually driven by light-mediated couplings, leaving the role of direct emitter interactions unclear. Now, it is shown that dipole–dipole interactions in diamond spins drive self-induced pulsed and continuous superradiant masing.

Application of multiancestry and ensemble-based approaches yields improved polygenic risk prediction models for breast cancer and its subtypes among women of African ancestry.

A comprehensive atlas platform integrating transcriptional and epigenetic data enables more precise engineering of T cell states, accelerating the rational design of more effective cellular immunotherapies.

Gallium arsenide photocathodes inside a superconducting radio-frequency gun are a promising source of polarized electrons for future colliders. Now the operation of such a source has been demonstrated.

Plant traits drive ecosystem dynamics yet are challenging to map globally due to sparse measurements. Here, the authors combine crowdsourced biodiversity observations with Earth observation data to accurately map 31 plant traits at 1 km² resolution.

MaAsLin 3 is a comprehensive and flexible framework for microbiome association studies with expanded toolsets of statistical models, tests and types of inference.

Systematic screening of transcription factors reveals conserved mechanisms governing cortical radial glia lineage progression across primates and provides a framework for functional dissection of gene regulatory networks in human cortical neurogenesis.

Endosomal sequestration of lipid-based nanoparticles is a barrier to delivery of nucleic acids. Here the authors test an array of cholesterol variants and perform in-depth investigation of nanoparticle shape, internal structure and intracellular trafficking.

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing autologous mRNA-engineered BCMA-targeting CAR T cell therapy versus placebo in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis, a significantly higher percentage of patients exhibited a reduction in disease activity in the treatment arm than in the placebo arm.

The spinal interneuron population dynamics underlying flexible pattern generation remain not fully understood. Here, the authors present that spinal interneuron state space trajectories capture fine-grained variations in muscle timing and magnitude, with millisecond and microvolt precision, offering new insights into the neural control of locomotion.

Lung adenocarcinomas bearing the ID2 mutational signature display increased LINE-1 retrotransposon activity, which contributes to their fast evolutionary dynamics and aggressive phenotype.

RNAi therapy has huge potential but effective delivery to target location is a major issue. Here, the authors report on the delivery of RNAi to tumors using self-agglomerating nanohydrogels that can overcome the different delivery barriers and supply multiple RNAi payloads.

Deep mutational scanning of a recent human H3N2 influenza haemagglutinin identifies how epistasis and pleiotropy differentially constrain mutations that affect viral cell entry, acid stability and neutralization.

Analysis of a placebo-controlled trial of a BCMA-targeting CAR-T cell therapy in patients with myasthenia gravis shows that CAR-T cell infusion selectively remodels the systemic immune environment, with elimination of BCMA-high plasma cells and activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells and changes in the autoreactive B cell repertoire.

An implantable vagus nerve-targeted device safely reduces disease activity and joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis, offering a new nondrug treatment for patients who do not respond to or cannot tolerate medication.

Here, as part of the Sherlock-Lung study, the authors profile the microbiomes of 940 lung cancers in never smokers finding no significant associations with demographic and clinical features, suggesting lung bacteria are unlikely to have a sizable role in lung cancer.

Neuromorphic computing processes data faster and with less energy than electronics. Here, authors demonstrate a reconfigurable photonic reservoir computer that performs multiple machine learning tasks in parallel at ultrafast rates while using extremely low energy per operation.

Analysis of the 3D chromatin architecture and cis-regulatory elements in a sea urchin and a sea star reveals mechanisms of 3D chromatin organization in echinoderms and the long-term evolutionary dynamics of cis-regulatory elements in animals.

Self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) vaccines hold promise for enhanced immunogenicity. This study in mice demonstrates that saRNA vaccines elicit an adaptive immune response against their own replicase, weakening T-cell responses to a subsequent H5N1 saRNA vaccine, but not diminishing the protective efficacy against an H5N1 virus challenge.

A high-bandwidth neuromotor interface offers performant out-of-the-box generalization across people.

Coagulase-negative staphylococci secrete natural products that prevent pathogen colonization. Here, the authors identify hominicin, a daptide bacteriocin produced by Staphylococcus hominis that has antimicrobial activity against a skin pathogen.

Head movements during eye tracking in fMRI frequently distort gaze signals. This paper presents motion-corrected eye tracking, a method that corrects head motion-induced errors to produce accurate gaze data in fMRI experiments.

What is the nature of the knowledge sought by immunology research? In this Comment, we discuss what we are collectively aiming to achieve, beyond accumulating packets of information, and how AI-driven revolutions in data handling and access modify this craft.

Thermoelectric materials can convert temperature gradients into electrical potential; however, traditional materials have unfavorable mechanical, optical, and electrical properties for devices. Here, the authors design an ionic hydrogel system optimizing these properties for human-machine interface devices.

How warning colours arise from camouflage is a long-standing puzzle. This study finds that elapid snakes with cryptic upper sides but bright ventral patches often precede aposematism, and these colours co-evolve with behaviours that reveal them.

Using data from the CoVPN 3008 study, the authors show that the neutralizing antibody correlate of risk holds in people living with HIV. However, the nAb correlate was weaker and shorter-lived in a vaccine-immunity versus hybrid-immunity population.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Here, the authors present archaeology of the Namorotukunan site in Kenya’s Turkana Basin that demonstrates adaptive shifts in hominin tool-making behaviour spanning 300,000 years and increasing environmental variability. They contextualize these findings with paleoenvironmental proxies, dating, and geological descriptions.

By exploiting an optical thermodynamic framework, researchers demonstrate universal routing of light. Specifically, light launched into any input port of a nonlinear array is universally channelled into a tightly localized ground state. The principles of optical thermodynamics demonstrated may enable new optical functionalities.

Photonic technologies enable energy-efficient, high-speed computing, beyond electronics. The work shows nonlinear optical vector processing via linear transformations and wavelength multiplexing, for Hamming Distance and CAMs at 50 Gb/s, via silicon photonics.

Rossi and colleagues assemble an in vitro enzymatic pipeline using enzymes from distinct domains of life to recapitulate eukaryotic N-glycosylation. This work advances the synthesis of bespoke glycopeptides with biomedical and biotechnological applications.

Here, in a randomized clinical trial, the authors report that an experimental young child formula containing a combination of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and galacto-oligosaccharides enhances bone and muscle development in early life through modulation of the microbiome.

Nonlinear optical processes involving both vibrational and electronic transitions provide valid tools to resolve vibronic coupling in molecules. Here, the authors demonstrate double-resonance three-photon excitations enabling enantio-selective vibronic coupling and modulation of upconverted emission in a chiral medium.

Combination immunotherapy approaches might be effective in inducing sustained control of HIV by slowing rebound and improving CD8⁺ T cell responses.

Correlated errors coming from leakage out of the computational subspace are an obstacle to fault-tolerant superconducting circuits. Here, the authors use a multi-level reset protocol to improve the performances of a bit-flip error correcting code by reducing the magnitude of correlations.

Combining nonlinear optical processes and photoswitching is a challenging goal, driven by significant application potential. Here, the authors report a strategy combining T-type negative photoswitches and two-photon absorption for a four-photon-like fluorescence response.

Jupiter’s magnetodisk mediates mass, momentum, and energy exchange between Jupiter’s atmosphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere, and moon tori. Here, the authors show that pressure anisotropy-driven instabilities regulate its nonequilibrium dynamics.

Here the authors show that antibiotic resistance genes peak in the gut at the age of 6 months, and that beneficial bifidobacteria produce aromatic lactic acids that actively inhibit antimicrobial resistant bacteria, suggesting that boosting these microbes may help curb antimicrobial resistance.

Laboratory automation, machine learning, and metabolic engineering may be combined to quickly and efficiently build productive microbial strains. Here the authors used these techniques in P. putida to boost isoprenol titers 5-fold over six DBTL cycles while sampling a reduced design space.

Mathematical modelling and experimental tests reveal principles that govern displacement of a resident strain by an invader in microbial communities.