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The relative degree of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 provided by combinations of natural infection, vaccination, and booster doses is unknown. Here, the authors show that infection-induced immunity provides more protection against COVID-19-related hospitalization than non-recent vaccine immunity, but less than booster vaccination.

Here, the authors use the diurnal upside-down jellyfish and the crepuscular starlet sea anemone as simple nerve net models to examine the potential evolutionary origins of sleep. They describe and define sleep patterns in these species, finding that sleep deprivation increases neuronal DNA damage and that sleep facilitates genome stability.

This study tracked neural responses to political content over two and a half years using fMRI. Changes in political identity influenced neural plasticity, with significant shifts in the amygdala, hippocampus, caudate, and reward systems, reflecting evolving political affiliations.

The cell-free biogenesis of the protein translation machinery is essential for the creation of a self-regenerating synthetic cell. Here the authors synthesise all 30 E. coli translation proteins in a cell-free system and demonstrate functionality.

Effectiveness of one subcutaneous dose of MVA-BN, the smallpox and mpox vaccine, was estimated to be 86% in a cohort of vaccine-eligible males in Israel, supporting its use to curtail the outbreak of mpox virus.

REGEN-COV is a SARS-CoV-2 combined monoclonal antibody treatment which has been shown to be effective in randomised controlled trials. Here, the authors assess its real-world effectiveness using data from Israel during the Delta wave and find that it reduced the risk of hospitalisation, severe disease and death.

Attention and sleep have been associated with the claustrum. Here authors pinpoint a cluster of neurons in the claustrum of male mice that dynamically determines engagement levels during both sleep and an attentional task.

The coordination of nutrient availability in the body is crucial for maintaining metabolic health. Here, the authors discovered that liver glucose and citrate transporters interact to synchronously regulate the uptake of these nutrients, thus driving cellular bioenergetics.

Here, using metagenomics, the authors comparatively characterize the development of the gastric residuals and stool microbial communities in premature infants, with the microbiota in gastric residuals exhibiting less stability over the hospitalization period.

A microfluidic-free platform of miniaturized compartments displays on-chip-synthesized antigen gradients for quantitative epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies and profiling of human sera and of human receptor–viral antigen interactions.

Rotors are widespread in nature, but the collective behavior of heterogeneous populations remains poorly understood. Authors demonstrate that oppositely spinning rotors spontaneously self-assemble into active chains called gyromers, stabilized purely by fluid and steric interactions.

In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, an inhaled phage cocktail was well tolerated in adults with cystic fibrosis and chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, with evidence of lung delivery and signs of bacterial reduction.

Inspired by biology, iontronics uses ion flow in tiny fluidic structures to process signals. Noa E. Fraiman and colleagues present a method to design and simulate iontronic circuits using tools from traditional electronics

RNA-binding FBF proteins control germline stem cell differentiation. Here, the authors show that three long non-coding RNAs bind, condense, and thus inhibit FBFs to promote the transition of germline stem cells into meiosis.

Identification of individuals at risk of severe COVID-19 disease could inform treatment and public health planning. Here, the authors develop and validate a risk prediction model for COVID-19 mortality in Israel by building a model for severe respiratory infection and recalibrating it using COVID-19 case fatality rates.

Building on a pre-existing pooling pipeline for the efficient detection of SARS-CoV-2, the results of a large-scale implementation study show the feasibility and benefits of saliva sample pooling to enhance neonatal screening for congenital cytomegalovirus.

Pathogenic variants in UNC13A underlie a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome, with three subtypes defined by distinct genotypes with varying clinical and functional impacts characterized in cellular and animal models.

Here, the authors link early immune cell hypoxia signatures to typhoid disease development in humans and, using mouse models, show that this immune response is triggered by Salmonella gut invasion, implicating a causal role in typhoid fever pathogenesis.

In an observational cohort of pregnant women in Israel, the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine was found to have effectiveness similar to that seen in the general population.

A new culture system makes it possible to grow mouse embryos and study their development outside the uterus up to the point of late organogenesis.

Invertebrate and microbe communities support reef ecosystems and coral health. Here, the authors characterize these communities from degraded and healthy reefs, showing that transplanting these healthy communities improved coral health at degraded reefs.

Elyahu and colleagues describe the reciprocal interplay between senescent cells (SCs) and a helper T cell population that accumulates during aging. They show that selective depletion of this T cell population increases SC accumulation, accelerates frailty and limits lifespan in mice.

The Zika viral protease NS2B-NS3 is a crucial target for antiviral drug development due to its role in processing viral polyproteins. Here, the authors utilize crystallographic fragment screening and deep mutational scanning to identify binding sites for resistance-resilient inhibitors.

PdCO is a switchable optogenetic tool for inhibiting synaptic transmission in neuronal terminals in vivo, as demonstrated in a variety of contexts mainly in the mouse.

LATS1 is reported to regulate the transition of luminal-basal-like cell plasticity in breast cancer. Here the authors report that LATS1 limits the progression of luminal breast cancer by associating with NCOR1 nuclear corepressor to repress ERα-downregulated genes in luminal cells.

Activating mutations in Interleukin-7 receptor alpha (IL7Ra) have been reported in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (BCP-ALL) but its role in leukaemogenesis is not clear. Here, the authors show that activation of IL7Ra in primary human hematopoietic progenitors initiates preleukaemia and cooperates with CDKN2A silencing to develop BCP-ALL.

The number of individuals in a given space influences animal interactions and network dynamics. Here the authors identify general rules underlying density dependence in animal networks and reveal some fundamental differences between spatial and social dynamics.

Lim, Adler et al. show that the urea cycle enzyme ASS1 can function in the nucleus to supply fumarate necessary to drive DNA damage responses.

Assembly of the root surface microbiome varies according to soil type and plant species. Here, Ofek-Lalzar et al.use metagenome and metatranscriptome analysis to reveal distinct functional signatures of microbial communities associated with two diverse plant hosts.

Protein imaging is multiplexed using combinatorial staining and deep learning decompression.

Deep brain stimulation of the basal ganglia restores cognitive flexibility and rebalances exploration disrupted by NMDA receptor antagonism in nonhuman primates, offering insights into the neural basis of psychosis and a potential treatment for schizophrenia.

Here, the authors characterize how different dietary components lead to functional alterations in the gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, showing effects on the orientation of phase variable regions in humans, in vivo, and in vitro, and on modulating the bacterium´s proteome and immune-modulatory functionality.

Integration of longitudinal single-cell analysis of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma patients in a prospective clinical trial uncovers new pathways of drug resistance and identifies potential actionable targets.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has diverse functions. Here the authors show that a lncRNA, NORAD, interacts with an immune transcription factor, STAT3, to facilitate STAT3 nuclear import and thereby modulating the intranuclear balance between STAT3 and STAT1 and the downstream activation of anti-viral immunity in vitro.

Ubiquitin (Ub) receptors are responsible for the recognition of ubiquitylated proteins. Here the authors describe the crystal structure of the ubiquitylated form of the Ub-receptor Rpn10, which suggest that ubiquitylation of Rpn10 promotes its dissociation from the proteasome.

There is little information on export directionality of RNA passing through the nuclear pore complex in human cells. Here, the authors examine single RNA molecules in transit, to demonstrate 5’-first directionality for the export of mRNA and lncRNA.

By integrating single-cell RNA and physically interacting cell sequencing analysis, here Cohen and colleagues report that neutrophils are enriched in physical crosstalk with breast tumor cells, promoting cancer aggressiveness.

Koren and Feldman et al. report a distinct population of Thy1-expressing stem cells in the basal layer of the mouse epidermis. These stem cells do not compete neutrally and contribute long-term to both epidermal replenishment and wound repair.