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Metal-cation-free CO₂ electroreduction in strong acid minimizes reactant loss and salt precipitation yet struggles with CO₂ activation and hydrogen evolution competition. Here, the authors report bioinspired sharp gold triangles with a proton-blocking layer that polarize CO₂ and suppress hydrogen evolution.

Five-year survival data and biomarker analysis of the PRADO extension cohort of the phase 2 OpACIN-neo trial, in which patients with high-risk stage III melanoma received neoadjuvant ipilimumab and nivolumab and underwent pathologic response-directed surgery and adjuvant therapy, show 71% event-free survival and 88% overall survival, with tumor mutational burden, IFNγ signature and PD-L1 expression associated with favorable outcomes.

This study uses brain recordings, self-reports, and facial analysis to decode acute pain in epilepsy patients. Machine learning reveals stable neural markers in mesolimbic, striatal, and cortical regions, plus facial cues, enabling reliable pain detection in naturalistic settings.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies 58 independent risk loci for major anxiety disorders among individuals of European ancestry and implicates GABAergic signaling as a potential mechanism underlying genetic risk for these disorders.

People living with multiple long-term conditions often experience reduced quality of life, but evidence from Southeast Asia is fragmented. Here the authors show that commonly used tools indicate moderately reduced yet generally good quality of life, highlighting the need for context-sensitive measurement approaches.

Here, in a cross-sectional study of 209 individuals living in communities with contrasting Schistosoma mansoni endemicity in Uganda, the authors identify gut microbiome and metabolome signatures associated with S. mansoni infection and cardiovascular disease risk.

Adaptive microwave surfaces can dynamically adjust their electromagnetic transmission to meet specific needs, being potentially useful in reconfigurable communication systems. Here, the authors use temperature induced break and reconstruction of hydrogen bonds to drive the orientational motion and charge mobility of an ionic liquid in a polymer leading to the controllable modulation of dielectric properties at microwave frequencies.

While the photoreceptor outer segments in the bird outer retina have access to oxygen, the inner retina operates under chronic anoxia, supported by anaerobic glycolysis in the retinal neurons.

The current unbalance between the performance of n-type and p-type 2D transistors limits their applications for next-generation electronics. Here, the authors report the realization of high-performance 2D MoTe₂ p-type transistors by depositing metallic tellurium contacts via thermal evaporation.

The authors reveal that the ferroelectric to antiferroelectric phase transition in Pb(Zr_0.97Ti_0.03)O₃-1wt%Nb₂O₅ at low temperatures is an irreversible process exhibiting relaxation behavior and diffusional kinetics.

This study applies topological analysis to hippocampal ripple waveforms, uncovering a low-dimensional continuum that encodes layer-specific synaptic input information. It also reveals how ripple waveforms vary during wakefulness, sleep and learning.

Applications of optical laser-based techniques are limited by the long wavelengths of the lasers. Now, observations of phonons and thermal transport at nanometre length scales are reported with an all-hard X-ray transient-grating spectroscopy technique.

Geochemical data from zircons show that subduction-like processes were operating contemporaneously with stagnant-lid-like processes at different locations as early as 4.4 billion years ago on the Hadean Earth.

The electronic behaviour of complex oxides such as LaNiO₃ depends on many intrinsic and extrinsic factors, making it challenging to identify microscopic mechanisms. Here the authors demonstrate the influence of oxygen vacancies on the thickness-dependent metal-insulator transition of LaNiO₃ films.

Models of turbulent flows are often simulated in the laboratory, in sampling areas with dimensions <1 m. Here, the authors exploit a natural snowstorm to quantify turbulent flows, exploring the complex dynamics of the atmospheric boundary layer around a 2.5-MW utility-scale wind turbine.

2D p-type transistors are essential for the realization of complementary circuits for post-silicon electronics. Here, the authors report a chloroform doping strategy to fabricate p-type monolayer WSe₂ transistors with high performance and long-term stability.

Nitrogen from human activities can increase soil carbon but often reduces biodiversity. This study finds that biodiversity helps drive soil carbon gains and identifies nitrogen thresholds that limit biodiversity loss while maintaining these gains.

Here, the authors present archaeology of the Namorotukunan site in Kenya’s Turkana Basin that demonstrates adaptive shifts in hominin tool-making behaviour spanning 300,000 years and increasing environmental variability. They contextualize these findings with paleoenvironmental proxies, dating, and geological descriptions.

Moral-Sanz, Fernández-Carrasco and colleagues identify senolytic properties of sea anemone-derived pore-forming toxins, with selectivity mediated by senescence-associated lipid profiles. An optimized senotoxin improves the efficacy of chemotherapy in mouse models.

pH is a critical regulator of (bio)chemical processes and therefore tightly regulated in nature. Now, proteins have been shown to possess the functionality to drive pH gradients without requiring energy input or membrane enclosure but through condensation. Protein condensates can drive unique pH gradients that modulate biochemical activity in both living and artificial systems.

The authors study microstructured UTe₂ by high-field transport, focusing on the field-reinforced superconducting phase. They reveal a highly-directional vortex pinning force typical of quasi-2D superconductors, indicating a vortex lock-in state and consistent with a change of order parameter from the low-field superconducting phase.

Mitochondrial damage is a central pathological mechanism of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study develops a bioengineered nanolamellar system to sequentially restore neuronal cell mitochondrial function and modulate microglial polarization to mitigate ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Using chemical photoswitchable reagents to exert purely wavelength-dependent control over biological systems in deep tissue and in vivo requires a concentration-independent design paradigm. Here, such photoswitchable ligands are realized by ensuring that E/Z isomers have opposing efficacies yet similarly high affinity, allowing them to probe transient receptor potential C4 and C5 channel functions up to the tissue level.

A hierarchical cross-entropy loss is presented, which incorporates ontology structure into training and improves the out-of-distribution performance of large-scale single-cell annotation models without additional computational cost.

Wei et al. perform spatial transcriptomic profiling on synovial tissue biopsy samples from individuals with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis, finding TGFβ signaling and fibrogenic fibroblast activation drive a treatment-refractory tissue phenotype.

This study introduces a sediment-based method to reconstruct Antarctic fast-ice change during the late Holocene, revealing cyclic patterns linked to solar variability and offering insight into long-term cryosphere climate dynamics.

The authors report the synthesis of (La_0.9Y_0.1)H₁₀ superhydrides and their characterization using synchrotron-based, spatially resolved x-ray diffraction and electrical transport imaging. They reveal μm-scale structural inhomogeneity with coexisting cubic and hexagonal clathrate phases exhibiting distinct superconducting transition temperatures.

The authors demonstrate dual-probe multi-messenger imaging of high-energy-density plasmas based on laser-wakefield-accelerated electrons. This enables spatiotemporally resolved simultaneous probing of plasma hydrodynamics and electromagnetic field evolution with both x-ray and electron beams.

Fracto-mechanoluminescence is the emission of light from fracturing solids. Here, the authors show that this emission in Mn halides arises from elastic stiffness, electromechanical coupling, and trap states that activate Mn²⁺ d−d transitions.

NiPS₃ is a van der Waals antiferromagnetic semiconductor where the exciton formation is strongly influenced by the magnetic ordering. Previous studies have been limited to magneto-optical approaches, but here, Lebedev, Gish and coauthors succeed in making field effect transistors that operate below the Néel temperature and observe an ultranarrow electroluminescence with a high degree of linear polarization.

Anti-phased changes in Antarctic Circumpolar Current strength between the Indian and Pacific sectors of the Southern Ocean occurred on orbital timescales over the past one million years, linked to glacial cycles and obliquity forcing, according to proxy records and modelling.

Self-sustained resistance oscillation states in VO₂ thin films are of significant interest for information encoding applications but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Using scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy, Tiwari et al. uncover the distinct current-induced phase transition pathways and realize the visualization of the nanoscale phase percolation dynamics in a VO₂ oscillator.

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans facilitate the assembly of clusters of glycoRNAs and cell surface RNA-binding proteins, which negatively modulate VEGF-A signalling and angiogenesis.

Instabilities in chiral plasmas can amplify electromagnetic waves, raising the question of whether chiral solids behave similarly. Now a magneto-chiral instability is demonstrated in tellurium, observed as growing terahertz emission after photoexcitation.

The disordered molecular aggregation of non-fullerene acceptors in nonhalogenated solvents limits the performance of organic solar cells. Here, the authors apply an ultrasound field to induce J aggregation of molecules, achieving maximum efficiency of 20.41% for o-xylene-processed ternary devices.

Scourzic et al. show that germinal centre B cells display an enhanced ability to reprogram to induced pluripotent stem cells compared to mature B cells. This ability indicates their higher plasticity level and is T follicular helper cell-dependent.

The highest-quality JWST spectra reveal that little red dots are young supermassive black holes shrouded in dense cocoons of ionized gas, where electron scattering, not Doppler motions, broadens their spectral lines.

Despite improving therapeutic options, the prognosis for patients with metastatic castration-resistance prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains poor. Here, the authors identify MCL1 copy number alterations as a prognostic and predictive biomarker, demonstrating its therapeutic potential as a drug target, either alone or in combination, in patients with mCRPC.

Protons and neutrons in nuclei form shell structures with energy gaps at magic numbers. These numbers vanish in neutron rich isotopes, creating “Islands of Inversion”. Studies of 84Mo and 86Mo reveal a shift, defining an “Isospin-Symmetric Island of Inversion” influenced by three-nucleon forces.

Animals find and stay close to resources by altering their locomotion in response to odors that signal resources. Here the authors identify, using Drosophila locomotion in response to odor, a simple strategy that adapts its motor program to sensory context automatically.

The ~500-metre-thick Prudhoe Dome in northwestern Greenland completely deglaciated 7,000 years ago, highlighting the sensitivity of the ice sheet to mid-Holocene warming, according to luminescence and geochemical data from sub-ice sediments and ice cores.

Achieving precise control over the active layer morphology remains a significant challenge for efficient organic solar cells. Here, authors establish a vertical solvent gradient by diffusing benzene vapor into toluene through layer-by-layer fabrication, achieving maximum device efficiency of 20.71%.

The authors study epitaxial thin films of the pyrochlore-sublattice compound LiTi2O4 by RIXS and ARPES. They observe cooperation between strong electron correlations and strong electron-phonon coupling, giving rise to a mobile polaronic ground state in which charge motion and lattice distortions are coupled.

Photonic time crystals (PTCs) have unveiled unusual band structures and phenomena due to temporal modulation of optical properties. Here, the authors address non-Hermitian features of PTCs within a purely Hermitian Hamiltonian description, bridging classical and quantum approaches.

Electrochemical acid-base production has attractive applications in mineral recovery and CO₂ removal, but current membrane-based designs are plagued by resistive losses. The authors report a membrane-less system generating useful acid and base solutions at high rates with less energy.

Excitons dominate the optoelectronic response of many materials and exciton transport often limits the efficiency of optoelectronic devices such as solar cells or photodetectors. Using quantum geometry, the authors find that topological excitons undergo enhanced diffusion across a wide range of transport regimes.