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The flammability of the Li electrode impedes its safe application in a battery. Here, the authors develop a layered Li electrode design to eliminate corrosion between Li metal and fire retardant, and smart release fire retardant against Li combustion during heating conditions, enabling a safe Li metal battery.

A “confined molecular encapsulation” strategy enables one-step fabrication of biomimetic ion-selective membranes. The in-situ formed MOFs with tunable sizes facilitate highly precise ion differentiation.

Maternal obesity is known to cause systemic lipid dysregulation, yet its effect on lipid reprogramming during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) remains unknown. Here, they show that obesity disrupts very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) storage in oocytes, impairing peroxisomal protein import in 2-cell embryos.

Pathological mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) are not fully understood. Here authors show that stress-induced Sgk1 upregulation in basolateral amygdala neurons projecting to the hippocampus as a key mechanism underlying the delayed PTSD-like avoidance behavior in mice.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

BMP–Smad signaling is essential for mammalian primordial germ cell (PGC) fate specification, but whether BMP signaling functions in the zebrafish germline remains elusive. Here they show that BMP signaling is required for PGC proliferation but not fate specification.

Water and oxygen jointly influence the oxidation of copper, but their respective roles are difficult to disentangle. Here, the authors show that hydroxyl species adsorb at the Cu/CuO_x interface, roughen the surface, and enable deeper oxygen penetration and higher Cu mobility.

The role of gut microbiota–metabolism crosstalk in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains unclear. Here, the authors revealed that sialic acid exacerbates PCOS pathogenesis by remodeling gut microbial bile acid metabolism and FXR activation.

Here, the authors present VirHost Hunter, an AI-based approach to phage–host assignment using tail and lysin proteins, showing it improves host resolution, expands functional discovery of gut phage, and enables targeted lysin identification for microbiome research.

Taxanes, including paclitaxel (PTX) and Nab-PTX (comprising PTX bound to albumin nanoparticles), are first-line chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer therapies. Here, the authors report that PTX, but not Nab-PTX, induces the expansion of tumor-promoting TREM2+ macrophages as a mechanism underlying the inferior antitumor efficacy of PTX compared with Nab-PTX in patients with breast cancer.

Gene correction in the lung is achieved with inhalable mRNA lipid nanoparticles containing an amino acid-derived ionizable lipid identified from screening and structure–function optimization studies.

Gastric perforation sealing is challenging due to the acidic environment presented by gastric fluid. Here, authors report an injectable hydrogel bioadhesive for sealing of large gastric perforations.

Ti/Co dual-doped LaFeO₃ perovskite rapidly removes humic acid from water, and its magnetic, Fenton-active design enables easy recovery and quick in situ regeneration with H₂O₂ for stable long-term reuse.

Lithium metal offers high specific capacity but suffers from dendrite growth and poor cycling stability. Here, authors develop a 3D Li-Zn-Li3N/CNT composite combining ductile Li-Zn alloy and a mechanically robust Li3N-CNTs network, enabling thin, durable electrodes with uniform lithium deposition, demonstrating a pouch-cell with a specific energy of 553 Wh kg-1.

The MoSi₂N₄ family is an emerging class of van der Waals materials with interesting properties. Here, the authors report a systematic characterization of point defects in monolayer WSi₂N₄ and MoSi₂N₄, showing their influence on the electronic properties of the materials.

Most kiwifruit species are vulnerable to high levels of heat stress. Here, the authors report natural variation at the GATA transcription factor binding site of EGY3 gene mediates chloroplastic ROS homeostasis to confer kiwifruit thermotolerance.

Mechanical computing is promising for environment-adaptive information processing, however existing methods have limited scalability. Here the authors report a polyaniline composite film enabling scalable logical operations.

Given the interest in extracellular vesicles there is a need for simple short scaffold proteins for efficient targeting and cargo loading. Here, the authors identify a candidate scaffold protein and find the truncated version allows for efficient loading which outperforms current scaffold proteins, demonstrating application in sepsis therapy.

Topological interfacial coupling enhances PMA in 2D Fe₄GeTe₂, yielding coexisting IMA/PMA components enabling field-free SOT switching at low current density with polarity control, demonstrating reconfigurable logic for low-power spintronics.

Metal–organic frameworks with dynamic metal–ligand bonds form reversible gates that admit enzymes larger than the pores, enabling stable encapsulation and efficient multi-enzyme cascade catalysis for glycan precursor synthesis.

Photosystem I drives photosynthesis by harvesting light through antennas. Here, the authors resolve the cryoEM structure of the Euglena gracilis PSI– LHCI–LHCII supercomplex, revealing its antenna organization and pigment arrangement that support efficient energy transfer in a secondary plastid.

The nuclear export of mRNA is a crucial regulatory step in eukaryotic gene expression. Here, the authors show that TREX-2 interacts with UAP56, enhances its ATPase activity, and promotes mRNA release from UAP56. These findings provide key insights into the mechanisms underlying mRNA export.

Plants commonly experience root damage, but whether microplastics can enter roots via wounds is still unclear. This study suggests that microplastics can enter roots via wound entry mode and move to aerial parts, potentially contaminating plant-based foods and posing health risks.

Nanodiamonds below ~13 nm deform plastically by forming ultrathin amorphous carbon networks, enabling over 90% compression without cracking. In situ TEM and simulations reveal this mechanism, opening routes for nanoscale diamond shaping and assembly.

Turning industrial lignin waste into useful chemicals is vital for sustainable biorefineries, but processing creates stubborn carbon bonds. A disordered mesoporous zeolite can break these bonds efficiently, releasing many more aromatic products while remaining stable.

Zhang et al. show that the activation of RIPK1 is suppressed by acetylhypusination in a spermidine-dependent manner. Disruption of this axis contributes to RIPK1-mediated vascular pathology to promote insulin resistance and diabetic kidney pathology.

A fully automated methodology based on rubrics capturing a broad range of cognitive and intellectual demands is illustrated using LLMs and tasks, demonstrating a new way to evaluate the capabilities of AI systems and anticipate their performance.

Environmental Li pollution and health problems have been becoming an important concern worldwide. Here, the authors show that Li exposure causes trophoblast cell ferroptosis and thus induces unexplained miscarriage through a non-canonical MBOAT1 pathway.

Ge, Liu et al. develop and validate a survival model (SM-CRT) using multicentre data from 30,947 cancer patients to predict catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) risk. The model accurately identifies high-risk patients and high-risk time periods, supporting personalised thromboprophylaxis and optimised catheter removal timing.

TaHST2 negatively regulates thermotolerance in wheat as it encodes a ubiquitin hydrolase that represses heat tolerance by stabilizing TaHSC701/702. During domestication, TaHST2 was progressively suppressed to select for improved thermotolerance.

The authors report that the grain boundary of Sb₂O₃ molecular films is electrically inert, ensuring high electrical insulation and offering a reliable gate dielectric material choice for next-generation 2D electronics.

Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disease characterized by scarring and impaired function, with vascular endothelial cells playing a key role in disease progression. Here, the authors show that endothelial mechanosensitive PIEZO1 promotes fibrosis by activating the CAPN2-STAT3-IL-33 signaling axis, identifying a promising therapeutic target for treatment.

Achieving robustness against a dynamic physiological environment is a challenge for neuromorphic prostheses. An interface made of a self-healing hydrogel and electrodes acts as a physical reservoir of a neuromorphic prosthesis, achieving minimal susceptibility to physical damage.

A ductile inorganic-rich solid–electrolyte interphase that retains its structural integrity and allows easy ion diffusion enables a long cycle life under practical conditions for lithium metal batteries.

The excitatory neuron diversity and specialized connectivity of complex, multilayered mammalian neocortex are driven by mammalian-specific cis-regulatory elements bound by ZBTB18, deletion of which disrupts gene expression and results in projection patterns resembling those of non-mammalian brains.

An in-sensor wireless computing architecture integrates imaging, compression and transmission into a single step, dramatically reducing latency for real-time remote-sensing applications.

Qifa Zhang and colleagues report the map-based cloning of the quantitative trait locus GS5, which regulates grain size and yield in rice. GS5 encodes a putative serine carboxypeptidase and increased expression is associated with larger grain.

3d-OT enables efficient alignment of heterogenous multi-omics tissue slices and spatial domain identification.

Using an electrolyte micro-emulsion strategy, a lithium anode and high-voltage cathode can be simultaneously stabilized by liquid–liquid interfacial tension to achieve high-energy-density lithium-metal batteries.

A trispecific macrophage engager amplifies the antitumor response of macrophages in solid tumors.

The researchers demonstrate room-temperature control over bulk exciton–polaritons (EPs) in a bare halide perovskite crystal and show that long-range bulk EP propagation occurs in the ballistic regime. Furthermore, slow light is demonstrated across the visible wavelength range.