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A recent randomised controlled trial demonstrated effectiveness of a smart pillbox for oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence in men who have sex with men in China. Here, the authors show that the intervention is cost effective, with greater benefits for more socially vulnerable groups.

Rhombohedral-stacked structures formed by 2D semiconductors are characterized by emerging physical properties, but their bottom-up growth remains challenging. Here, the authors report a chemical vapour deposition method to grow cm-scale rhombohedral-stacked WS₂/MoS₂ crystals with ferroelectric properties.

Alternative splicing greatly expands the transcriptomic and proteomic diversity in vertebrates. Here, the authors develop a machine-learning tool to identify functional splicing events during hematopoietic cell differentiation, revealing new regulators of hematopoiesis.

Spin-crossover complexes are promising candidates for molecular bits owing to their magnetic bistability but engineering high-density bits is challenging due to cooperative switching dynamics. Here the authors modulate the cooperative dynamics of surface-confined spin-crossover complex chains.

In osteoporotic fracture-related infection (FRI), coordinated bone healing is compromised by cortical bone lysis and persistent bacterial colonization. Here, Li et al. report a dual-action nanocomposite bisphosphonates hydrogel for treatment of osteoporotic FRI that preserves cortical bone integrity and restores fracture healing.

Here they show that G9a-mediated H3K9me2 regulates intestinal homeostasis and injury repair through repression of cell cycle arrest genes in both mouse and human.

The authors study a topological insulator (TI) sandwiched between two magnetic TIs. By keeping one of the magnetic TIs insulating, while tuning the other one into a metallic regime, they find half quantized anomalous Hall conductance, a boundary signature consistent with a quantized axion field.

The authors present a wearable MXene-based sensing-processing-visualizing integrated system for tactile-visual recognition, multisensory interaction, trajectory recognition, and real-time feedback.

Fast reendothelialisation of vascular grafts is important for maintain patency. Here, the authors report on a vascular graft that regenerates the neo-adventitia with lymphatic endothelial cells, which increases the recruitment of circulatory progenitor cells, achieving 90% patency in small-diameter arterial grafts.

This study demonstrates a low-energy photon device based on the kagome metal RbV₃Sb₅. It demonstrates that Fermi surface reconstruction, driven by a phase transition, leads to the emergence of van Hove singularities near the Fermi level.

A four-qubit quantum error detection circuit with stabilizers can be implemented with spin qubits in a donor-based silicon quantum processor.

Fibre integrated circuits created by first preparing circuitry on extremely thin and flexible substrates and then mechanically rolling them up demonstrate microdevice density reaching 100,000 transistors per centimetre and excellent stability under harsh service conditions.

Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 continue to evolve 6 to 12 months after infection in patients who have recovered from COVID-19, increasing in potency and breadth with time.

Highly ionically conductive and flexible solid-state composite battery electrolytes are engineered by alternately stacking inorganic Li_xM_yPS₃ (M = Cd or Mn) nanosheets with lithium-containing organic polymers in a perpendicular orientation to the surface of the electrodes.

Indian dwarf wheat (Triticum sphaerococcum) is thermotolerant, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, the authors report the cloning of the heat tolerance gene encoding a STKc_GSK3 kinase and its variation affects phosphorylation level of downstream TaPIF4 in determining thermotolerance.

Iron–sulfur minerals play critical roles in regulating nitrogen cycling under anoxic conditions. This study shows that pyrrhotite with abundant iron vacancies promotes electron transfer and microbial nitrate reduction to dinitrogen.

Base editors enable nucleotide conversions but have fixed editing patterns. Here, authors develop Plug-in Base Editor, a modular system programming deaminase positioning via epitope-antibody interactions to boost efficiency and adjust editing windows.

Chen et al. identify a brain-to-bone communication axis whereby extracellular vesicles from aged brain neurons transport WDFY1 protein to distal bone, driving bone-fat imbalance and promoting osteoporosis.

Specific pain-sensing nociceptors and chemosensory tuft cells form a circuit to promote type 2 immune responses in the intestine.

The authors find that O-GalNAc transferase 2 (GALNT2) restricts viral infection, probably through the regulation of the proteolytic processing of viral glycoproteins via its O-linked glycosylation activity, impairing virus–cell fusion.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

The authors found esterified pectin localized at the stiff poles of maize stomata, modulating stomatal opening. These results reveal novel targets for stomatal engineering and breeding crops with higher water use efficiency.

The clinical adaptation of CRISPR assays is constrained by complexity and the absence of quality control. Here, authors report a thermally regulated asynchronous CRISPR-enhanced assay enabling direct, highly sensitive one-step detection of monkeypox virus and a human gene in clinical samples.

Reducing the embodied carbon emissions of building material stock is essential for mitigation. Using a high-resolution multiyear dataset in China, researchers show the historically massive contributions of these emissions during past decades of rapid urbanization and the potential risks for future climate goals.

A strategy based on the design of a composite coating that enables slip-enhanced close-contact melting inside sealed phase-change thermal batteries to improve charging rates enables high-performance thermal energy storage over a wide range of temperatures.

Deep learning (DL)-based automated treatment planning has the potential to improve radiotherapy planning for patients in cancer but how best to implement them in the clinic is less clear. Here, the authors propose a hybrid strategy to develop a DL-based automated radiotherapy planning solution and demonstrate its real-world effectiveness in producing clinically deliverable plans.

Many premalignant colorectal polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis arise polyclonally rather than from a single mutated cell, showing diverse early evolutionary trajectories that frequently occur without clonal APC or KRAS driver events.

Incorporating membrane-destabilizing zwitterionic lipids into commercially available LNPs boosts mRNA expression in antigen-presenting cells within lymph nodes, enhancing cytotoxic T cell activation, and dampens reactogenicity in mice.

Peritoneal metastasis remains a major clinical challenge due to the lack of effective therapeutic options. In this study, the authors present intraperitoneal programming of tailored chimeric antigen receptor macrophages (CAR-Ms) as a strategy against peritoneal metastasis.

Here the authors show that gain-of-function mutant p53s predispose cells to chromosomal instability by targeting MCMs, leading to activation of a cGAS-STING-non-canonical NF-κB signaling that promotes tumor metastasis and immunosuppression.

Achieving room-temperature blackbody-sensitive photodetectors with an ultrabroadband response is challenging. Here, the authors report a bioinspired detector using the 2D flat-band quantum material Nb3I8 that enables sensitive detection from the shortwave to the very long-wave infrared.

The paper demonstrates a ferroelectric photosensor array that integrates image memorization, low-level processing, and high-level computing. It uses dynamic and switchable photovoltages to perform image tasks, leveraging the bulk photovoltaic effect for enhanced precision and reliability.

A study presents the results of surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in animal and environmental samples from a market linked to early human cases of coronavirus disease 2019.

Cell type labelling in single-cell datasets remains a major bottleneck. Here, the authors present AnnDictionary, an open-source toolkit that enables atlas-scale analysis and provides the first benchmark of LLMs for de novo cell type annotation from marker genes, showing high accuracy at low cost.

Insects colonized with Metarhizium fungi emit longifolene to lure new hosts for infection to disperse spores. A fungal strain was engineered to emit longifolene to attract and eliminate mosquitoes.

A multiomics dataset including genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomic variations across 403 upland cotton accessions identifies MYB genes regulating key metabolites and agronomic traits during cotton ovule and fiber development.

A study utilizing proteome-wide Mendelian randomization identifies 27 proteins linked to primary hepatic carcinoma, highlighting INHBC’s role in tumour progression, while demonstrating ACVR2B blockade’s potential in reducing tumour growth.

Observations of γ-rays with energies up to 1.4 PeV find that 12 sources in the Galaxy are PeVatrons, one of which is the Crab Nebula.

Water in the mantle transition zone beneath Northeast Asia is sourced from the Earth’s surface and introduced by the subducted Pacific slab, according to a study of potassium isotopes from Cenozoic volcanics.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

Authors present a bispecific antiviral design targeting the virus and the host that simultaneously offers broad-spectrum protection against multiple existing transmissible human-pathogenic coronaviruses, including the Paxlovid-resistant SARS-CoV-2 mutants.

Extracting rare earth elements (REEs) from wastewater is essential for the growth of an eco-friendly sustainable economy but separating individual rare earth elements remains challenging. Here, the authors report a REE nanotrap that features dense uncoordinated carboxyl groups and triazole N atoms in a two-fold interpenetrated metalorganic framework which is highly responsive to the size variation of rareearth ions.