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This study shows that WDR5 remodels NANOG condensates to control transcriptional programs. Disrupting their interaction compromises stem cell identity and suppresses leukemia stem cell expansion.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

Large-effect variants in autism remain elusive. Here, the authors use long-read sequencing to assemble phased genomes for 189 individuals, identifying pathogenic variants in TBL1XR1, MECP2, and SYNGAP1, plus nine candidate structural variants missed by short-read methods.

2D diamond is expected to show superior properties compared to bulk diamond, but its synthesis remains challenging. Here, the authors report a high-temperature high-pressure method to fabricate thermally stable 2D diamond via laser-heating of few-layer graphene in a diamond anvil cell, providing relevant insights into the 2D graphene-diamond transformation mechanisms.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

A percolating interaction between antipolar regions and engineered defect pairs facilitates antipolar rotations, enabling superior energy storage performance in AgNbO₃-based ceramics.

Using synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry and quantum chemistry, this study uncovers a previously missing process by which aldehydes in engine combustion form organic acids, a finding critical for accurate emissions modelling and mitigation strategies.

Direct observation of the Migdal effect in neutron–nucleus collisions is reported, which resolves a long-standing gap in experimental validation.

Functional and structural characterization of PtmA2 reveals that it is an unusual non-adenylating acyl-CoA ligase and part of a system wherein the canonical acyl-CoA ligase reaction is separated into two half-reactions performed by distinct enzymes.

The genome of Arundinella anomala, a C₄ grass with variant Kranz anatomy and interveinal distinctive cells, is sequenced and annotated, followed by single-cell transcriptomes for comparative analyses between C₄ bundle sheath cells and interveinal distinctive cells.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

A model, trained to generate synthetic, patient-specific angiography images, reduced radiation exposure to patients and clinicians by two-thirds in a multicenter randomized controlled trial involving 1,068 patients.

ERDRP-0519 is a potent nonnucleoside inhibitor of Morbilliviruses. In this work, authors solve cryo-EM structures that reveal ERDRP-0519 bound to measles RNA polymerase in a unique RdRp palm pocket, clarifying resistance mutations and guiding next-generation antivirals.

Fabrication of fully stretchable organic light-emitting diodes incorporating an intrinsically stretchable exciplex-assisted phosphorescent layer along with MXene-contact stretchable electrodes is described, demonstrating high efficiency and mechanical compliance for applications in next-generation wearable and deformable displays.

Here they show that gasdermin-E (GSDME) acts as a key driver of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) by triggering senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells, a process reversible with senolytic drugs, highlighting a promising therapeutic target of AAA.

This work demonstrates that stress-coupled atomic ordering at nanoscale Mn–Al–B interfaces will convert brittle boundaries into energy-absorbing zones, explaining the unusual coexistence of high strength, ductility, and low thermal expansion in magnesium alloys.

Sodium metal is of interest for high-energy-density batteries, but the lack of large-area ultrathin sodium metal foils hinders research. Here a metre-length, ultrathin (≤50 μm), mechanically strengthened sodium metal foil is fabricated by a roll-to-roll calendaring process with interfacial lubrication and functional modification.

Germavinylidenes, the heavier congeners of vinylidenes, have long remained elusive, both as free species and in Lewis base-stabilized forms. Herein, the authors report the isolation of a base-stabilized germavinylidene employing an imine-functionalized cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene ligand.

Hong-Xuan Lin, Ji-Ping Gao, Jun-Xiang Shan and colleagues show that natural variation in a proteasome α2 subunit gene contributes to thermotolerance in African rice. Their follow-up studies suggest that the variant allele protects cells from heat stress by enhancing the elimination of cytotoxic denatured proteins and maintaining heat-response processes.

Nodes in a quantum network must be able to interface with photonic qubits as well as perform local quantum computations. The quantum node device presented here is capable of storing quantum information and correcting bit-flip errors.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Phenotypic screening of an endophyte-derived compound library led to identification of a potent anti-non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lead compound, the 3,4-diisobutyryl derivative of auxarthrol A, uncovering dynein light intermediate chain 1 as a druggable vulnerability and a key regulator of autophagy in NSCLC.

The immune system undergoes significant changes with age. However, protein level characterization of these age-associated changes is limited. Here, the authors develop a machine learning (ML) model to predict changes in immune cell composition across different age stages based on CyTOF data on mouse CD45+ spleen cells and test the reliability of the ML model in predicting biological age using an obese mouse model, supporting the applicability of this tool to identify disease-related immune senescence.’

The instability of conventional lithium salts poses a challenge for next-generation batteries. Here, the authors introduce LiDFTFB, a new salt that exhibits improved stability and enables high-energy batteries to retain 81.7% capacity after 650 cycles at 50°C.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Cancer cells with elevated 3’ end processing activities are vulnerable to CPAi because of transcriptomic disturbances caused by alternative polyadenylation and transcriptional readthrough as well as DNA damages when cells are proliferative.

This study reports graphene–amorphous carbon with interwoven networks, achieving a flexural strength of 203 MPa. Microscopy shows that crack deflection at graphene/amorphous interfaces underlies its superior performance.

Despite the global spread of the mpox virus, the long-term durability and breadth of infection-induced immunity are not fully understood. Here, the authors analyze MPXV-specific immune responses up to 18 months post-infection, revealing robust cellular immunity and cross-neutralization among orthopoxviruses, which inform reinfection risks and vaccine development strategies.

DEAD-box helicase 6 (DDX6), the regulator of P-body assembly, is essential for the survival of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Here the authors report that DDX6 undergoes phase separation to preserve mRNA subsets in P-bodies, promoting branched-chain amino acid metabolism and chemoresistance in AML.

Mi et al. report epitaxial surface coverage of single CsPbBr3 quantum dots with size ranging from 3.6 nm to 14 nm using low steric ligand tails with attractive π-π stacking, leading to nearly non-blinking single photon emission with high purity of 98% and photostability over 12-hour irradiation.

Most near-infrared room-temperature phosphorescent (NIR-RTP) materials are highly conjugated, requiring complex synthesis and resulting in poor processability. Here, the authors demonstrate the synthesis of a short-conjugated polymer via multicomponent spiropolymerization and blended it with polystyrene, achieving NIR-RTP polymers with good processability and high Stokes shift.

A mechano-intelligent transmission mechanism based on the slipknot delivers precise force signals for clinical practice and robotic operations such as minimally invasive surgery and tendon-driven robotics.

Strong nonlinear optical response of most thin layered materials is often narrowband, especially in the mid-infrared spectral range. Here, authors experimentally observe second harmonic generation in the range of 1.2-5.0 μm from Weyl semiconductor tellurium nanoflakes. The generation efficiency is shown to be two orders of magnitude larger than that of GaSe.

Two-electron oxygen reduction reaction for hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis is hindered by slow proton-feeding kinetics. Here, authors report bio-inspired B coordinated Ni-based metal-organic frameworks to accelerate water dissociation, achieving industrial-level hydrogen peroxide production.

This study shows how a dirigent protein and an aldo-keto reductase derail the gossypol pathway in cotton, producing hemigossypolone and heliocides in green organs and enhancing plant defense, revealing insights into plant specialized metabolism.

Achieving generality in asymmetric catalysis with highly reactive radicals is a challenge. Now it is shown that a sequential copper-catalysed approach enables the efficient, enantioselective cross-coupling of over 50 diverse radicals, providing unified access to C-, P- and S-chiral products and advancing the asymmetric synthesis of challenging molecular architectures.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Cells struggle to migrate on soft substrates, which don’t provide enough traction. Here, the authors show that rapid, cyclic changes in substrate rigidity allow cells to overcome this limitation and move quickly.