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Previous study showed Zishen Yutai Pill improved pregnancy outcomes in in vitro fertilization. This study showed that Zishen Yutai Pill increased live birth rates in women aged 35–42 undergoing IVF.

Syntaxin-1A, a SNARE protein mediating membrane fusion for neurotransmission, forms clusters with unclear functions. Using light-controlled clustering, the authors found that phase-separation-driven clusters, regulated by Munc18, suppress fusion, revealing a new phase-separation-based mechanism.

Ba et al. report a scalable approach combining two-phase driving and Langmuir–Schaefer deposition, enabling colloidal quantum well films with 90% horizontal dipole alignment, yielding red LEDs with EQE of 25.5%, luminance of 59,620 cd m⁻², stability over 16,233 h, and maintaining the luminance when scaling the device area to 4 cm².

The study finds that seasonal marsquake patterns may indicate active near-surface brines on Mars today. By connecting seismicity changes to ice-to-brine melting, it infers that shallow liquid water continues to operate beneath the surface and influence Martian fault activity.

A mechano-intelligent transmission mechanism based on the slipknot delivers precise force signals for clinical practice and robotic operations such as minimally invasive surgery and tendon-driven robotics.

The ALICE Collaboration provides details on the microscopic mechanism that ends up creating antideuteron in high-energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Programmable shape memory polymers are of interest for smart materials, meanwhile the integration of shape and color enriches the applications. Here the authors use chiral liquid crystal elastomers affording a shape and color changing material, with dynamic mechanical properties.

Colonic smooth muscle cell (CSMC) hypertrophy and hyperplasia have been described in human ulcerative colitis (UC) and animal models. Here the authors show that mice lacking smooth muscle (SM) 22a develop spontaneous colitis which has RSAD2-driven mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in CSMC and show dependence on RSAD2 for colitis alleviation.

Ammonia offers benefits like easy storage, high cooling capacity, and carbon-free combustion for high-Mach scramjets, but its low-Mach operation is challenging. Here, authors demonstrate the feasibility of ammonia-hydrogen ignition at Mach 3 and sustained combustion at Mach 6.

Oriented growth is an important pathway for crystal growth. Here, the authors show that gibbsite nanoplates form mesocrystals through directed sliding and staggered stacking, as demonstrated by in situ microscopy and molecular simulations.

Wide-bandgap materials are attractive for x-ray detectors, but they face issues with scalable fabrication and cost. Here, a high-performance x-ray detector based on solution-processed quasi-two-dimensional gallium is fabricated via a liquid metal nano-printing technique.

Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus imports glucose via the bacterial mannose phosphotransferase system (PTS_man), which inhibits stringent response, supports growth in cerebrospinal fluid and promotes brain damage during meningitis.

Here, the authors develop an integrated mass spectrometry-based strategy that allows metabolic biomarker discovery based on nanoliter-scale biofluids in seconds. Biomarkers of diabetic cataracts are detected in trace ocular fluids with high diagnostic performance revealed to have and anti-cataract activity.

The paper demonstrates a ferroelectric photosensor array that integrates image memorization, low-level processing, and high-level computing. It uses dynamic and switchable photovoltages to perform image tasks, leveraging the bulk photovoltaic effect for enhanced precision and reliability.

Environmental Li pollution and health problems have been becoming an important concern worldwide. Here, the authors show that Li exposure causes trophoblast cell ferroptosis and thus induces unexplained miscarriage through a non-canonical MBOAT1 pathway.

METTL3 promotes healthy placenta function by regulating m⁶A methylation and histone epigenetics. Deficiency in METTL3 leads to premature senescence, inflammation activation of trophoblasts, contributing to pregnancy complications like preeclampsia.

The immunomodulatory functions of mast cells (MCs) within the tumor microenvironment are elusive. Here, the authors present a transcriptomic characterization of LUAD-infiltrating MCs and identify a proinflammatory subset that contributes to the activation of cytotoxic MAIT cells by secreting IL-18 via NRLP3 activation and pyroptosis, ultimately boosting anti-tumor immunity.

The intrinsic light reflection of organic conjugated films significantly influences the optical performance of devices through Fabry–Pérot micro-cavity effect. Here, authors modulate cell micro cavity via tuning materials’ refractive index to improve photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Realizing the 1.5 °C target could advance WHO Air Quality Guidelines compliance by decades, preventing over one million deaths and delivering significant benefits. The monetized health co-benefits will exceed mitigation costs in most regions.

It is uncertain how much life expectancy of the Chinese population would improve under current and greater policy targets on lifestyle-based risk factors for chronic diseases and mortality behaviours. Here we report a simulation of how improvements in four risk factors, namely smoking, alcohol use, physical activity and diet, could affect mortality. We show that in the ideal scenario, that is, all people who currently smokers quit smoking, excessive alcohol userswas reduced to moderate intake, people under 65 increased moderate physical activity by one hour and those aged 65 and older increased by half an hour per day, and all participants ate 200 g more fresh fruits and 50 g more fish/seafood per day, life expectancy at age 30 would increase by 4.83 and 5.39 years for men and women, respectively. In a more moderate risk reduction scenario referred to as the practical scenario, where improvements in each lifestyle factor were approximately halved, the gains in life expectancy at age 30 could be half those of the ideal scenario. However, the validity of these estimates in practise may be influenced by population-wide adherence to lifestyle recommendations. Our findings suggest that the current policy targets set by the Healthy China Initiative could be adjusted dynamically, and a greater increase in life expectancy would be achieved.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Wu et al. compiled a global database of essential infrastructures and assessed human accessibility to daily necessities and services (living, healthcare, education, entertainment, public transit, and working). Findings reveal uneven access in availability, per capita distribution, and travel time, emphasizing the need for optimized infrastructure planning and management.

The early postnatal roles of dendrite-targeting interneurons in primary visual cortex (V1) remain elusive. Here, the authors find that somatostatin interneurons in mouse V1 exhibit a uniquely delayed developmental trajectory for innervation and sensory responses, highlighting a window for the emergence of a key mechanism for normalization in cortical circuits.

Lampreys are jawless vertebrates that can offer unique insights into vertebrate evolution. Here they generate a comprehensive cell atlas of the lamprey, uncovering 70 distinct cell types across 14 tissues, and identify pancreas-like cells in the lamprey small intestine.

Starting from zero knowledge and without human data, AlphaGo Zero was able to teach itself to play Go and to develop novel strategies that provide new insights into the oldest of games.

A mouse ovarian cancer model MEPP with Pten/Trp53 loss, engineered using the EPI-SauriCas9 system, provides a platform for dissecting ovarian cancer biology and accelerating drug discovery.

Here, in a study of over 6,000 women across China, the authors show that Mycoplasma hominis infection strongly influences vaginal microbiota and is linked to higher risk of cervical lesions, highlighting its importance in women’s reproductive health.

This work presents a deep learning model that predicts white matter tracts from anatomical MRI without diffusion data. It enables faster, accessible mapping of white-matter connections for research and clinical use.

Quantum light sources are promising for quantum circuits, yet facing an inherent trade-off between multifunction and brightness. By leveraging a strategy based on parity-time symmetry, we demonstrate an on-chip quantum light source with programmable lifetime, achieving a 20-fold tuning range of lifetime and balanced photon-pairs generation rate.

Bilayer graphene states are observed at anomalously small magnetic fields and show magnetic hysteresis, providing evidence for a quantum anomalous Hall effect driven by orbital magnetism.

Solving partial differential equations is the cornerstone of scientific and engineering development. Here, authors show a high-performance optical neural engine architecture, combining diffractive optics and optical matrix multipliers, to solve a variety of equations in broad scientific domains.

LRBA deficiency is associated with autoimmune disease and CTLA4 loss; this study identifies LRBA as a negative regulator of antitumor immunity and introduces LC427 as a promising small-molecule inhibitor of the CTLA4-LRBA interaction for cancer immunotherapy.

The efficiency of palladium catalyzed CO₂ electroreduction is severely hindered by catalyst deactivation. Here, the authors report that engineering a palladium-fullerene interface enhances resistance to deactivation, enabling energy-efficient CO₂-to-formate conversion over a broad potential window.

Jean Fan and her team launched a digital campaign using YouTube, GitHub and blogs to make a computational-biology tool accessible to all. Here’s what they learnt.

Sequencing of 144 ancient genomes from Shimao city and its satellites presents pedigrees among tomb owners spanning up to four generations showing predominantly patrilineal descent structure across Shimao communities, and possibly sex-specific sacrificial rituals.

Amyloid plaques are a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. Better understanding of their biochemistry can inspire new biomarkers and therapeutics. Using multimodal mass spectrometry imaging, this work reveals surprising lipid heterogeneity in plaque microenvironments across the brain.

Isotropic tissue magnification is integrated with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging to enable untargeted spatial proteomics at micrometre resolution and with high protein identification rates in multiple tissue types.

Control of quantum interference in engineered atomic-scale systems could enable precise manipulation of quantum states, however it has remained challenging. Here the authors demonstrate electrically tunable quantum interference in a system of Ti atoms on MgO surface, using a scanning probe microscope setup.

The paper addresses subsurface anomaly detection using radar data. It proposes to enhance the Segment Anything Model with reservoir computing, combining visual segmentation with wave analysis. This approach improves the accuracy of detecting and categorizing underground issues while reducing manual effort.

This work proposed a fully heterogeneous quantum network that connects diverse user systems and enables multiple quantum tasks. A software-defined quantum network structure is also proposed for coordinating network nodes and optimizing network performance. It paves the way for an open and versatile quantum internet.

Selective CO₂ hydrogenation to C₂₊ oxygenates is difficult due to competing pathways. A tandem GaZrO_x–MOR system enables efficient acetic acid and methyl acetate synthesis, using hydrophobic modification to enhance stability and water resistance.

Here, with multi-omics analyses of human cohorts and murine models, the authors identify Odoribacter splanchnicus depletion to impair intestinal P-glycoprotein function via loss of microbial, GDP-L-fucose, which in turn promotes eIF4E phosphorylation and c-Jun–driven ABCB1 expression, maintaining xenobiotic efflux.

A tri-omic atlas of the mouse brain from postnatal day 0 to P21 reveals that layer-specific projection neurons have a role in coordinating axonogenesis and myelination.

Self-organized growth often suffers from a lack of long-range order in preparing large-area nanostructures. Here, the authors develop a direct electrochemical growth technique for preparing ordered magnetic networks without the use of templates.

To establish metastasis, cancer cells need to adapt in order to navigate through confined spaces. Here, the authors discover that compression force-induced CSK23-mediated NF-κB activation regulates ALDH1B1 expression, ultimately modulating ferroptosis and tumor cell survival in confining capillaries.

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from computed tomography could significantly contribute to guiding lung cancer surgery, but requires comprehensive clinical validation. Here, the authors test the effectiveness of an AI-driven 3D reconstruction system for lung cancer surgery in a retrospective, multi-center, multi-reader, multi-case study.

Multi-template PCR enables parallel DNA amplification but suffers from sequence-specific biases. Here, the authors develop a 1D-CNN model predicting amplification efficiency directly from the DNA sequence and discover adapter-mediated self-priming as a key cause of uneven amplification during PCR.

Electrochemical CO₂ reduction in acidic media offers a promising route for CO₂ valorization but faces challenges owing to competing hydrogen evolution and sluggish C–C coupling. Here the authors demonstrate that surface-adsorbed iodide ions enhance performance on Cu-based catalysts, doubling ethylene selectivity and reducing overpotentials.