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AlphaFold’s success in protein structure predictions has led to similar attempts to predict interactomes. Here, the authors demonstrate that AI-based screens are very limited in discovering truly novel interactions compared to experimental screens, exposing open challenges in interaction prediction.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

The genomewide meta-analysis of lumbar spinal stenosis LSS identifies 73 previously unreported loci in addition to 15 known loci and highlights spinal degeneration as a key pathogenic mechanism. Overall, the findings expand knowledge of the genetic background of LSS.

Three-body low-energy s-wave states play an important role in few-body physics and associated universal phenomena, yet their experimental observation in nuclear system has been elusive. Here, the authors identify the three-body s-wave properties in neutron-rich ¹⁰He nuclei with improved statistics and sensitivities.

Genome annotation typically requires costly experimental assays across diverse cell types, limiting its scalability. Here, authors introduce BioSeq2Seq, a deep learning framework that leverages DNA sequence and run-on sequencing (RO-seq) data to accurately predict histone modifications, functional elements, gene expression, and transcription factor binding sites.

High-latitude soils are future soil organic carbon loss hotspots, with losses dominated by particulate organic carbon (POC). The fraction of POC in total SOC (f_POC) is a key indicator, emphasizing the climate importance of preserving POC.

Coronary artery disease has several genetic risk factors. Here, the authors develop a model that combines germline and somatic genetic drivers to predict coronary artery disease risk, identifying high-risk individuals not detected by polygenic risk scores alone.

Findings suggest that neural crest fate bias predominantly emerges within the neural tube, and that only a minor subset of delaminated progenitors retain multipotency to generate both sensory and sympathetic derivatives.

Here, authors demonstrate an ultrafast time-gating protocol using a sub-micron-thick layer of epsilon-near-zero indium-tin oxide, yielding a strong four-wave mixing signal while reducing scattering and scintillation.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

About 1.3 million total joint implants are placed annually, and around 80,000 patients develop implant failure due to periimplant fibrosis. Here, the authors show that inhibition of GREM1 in LEPR⁺ cells reduces peri-implant fibrosis and enhances per-implant osteogenesis, therefore represent a promising strategy to prevent and treat aseptic loosening.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

Divergent white matter metabolic patterns reveal a mechanistic basis for cognitive resilience and enhance prediction of future cognitive decline beyond established aging and dementia biomarkers.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal human disease driven by the accumulation of apoptosis-resistant fibroblasts that impede homeostatic lung repair. Here, the authors show that elevated BCL-2 expression in fibroblasts drives their survival and senescence prolonging fibrosis in mice, while BCL-2 inhibition reverses persistent fibrosis.

Elevated temperature is shown to rapidly increase the abundance and solubility of key auxin regulators, ARF7 and ARF19. Natural variation in this thermoregulated accumulation correlates with plant growth responses, suggesting a tunable mechanism for temperature adaptation.

Cerebellar Purkinje cells feature intrinsic activity early in postnatal development. Here, the authors show that disrupting this early activity impairs gene expression, morphological development, and motor function, linking deficits to cerebellar disorders.

Global cropland subsoil hides a “biogeochemical engine” where crop roots, soil texture, nitrifier communities, and hydrological conditions interact to fuel nitrification, silently driving soil acidification and groundwater nitrate pollution.

Decreased brain volumes and increased NfL levels can be observed earlier than disease diagnosis in short-tandem-repeat-associated neurological diseases.

In the nonpivotal stage 1 of the randomized phase 3 PRESERVE-003 trial, patients with immunochemotherapy-resistant metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer without actionable genomic alterations treated with the next-generation, pH-sensitive anti-CTLA-4 agent gotistobart had encouraging overall survival outcomes compared to docetaxel.

Thin and conformal tungsten disulfide (WS₂) layers, which are grown at the wafer scale using thermal atomic layer deposition at back-end-of-line compatible temperatures, can function as both barriers and liners for interconnects.

Androgen activity in the male embryonic hindbrain prolongs hindbrain differentiation in male individuals and drives sex differences in the incidence and prognosis of posterior fossa type A (PFA) ependymoma, an aggressive childhood brain tumour.

A tunable tendon-like mechano-culture system shows that matrix tension drives myofibroblast activation in systemic sclerosis, while immune cells override tension-mediated control of fibrotic gene expression.

Two-dimensional (2D) metal halide perovskites exhibit efficient photoinduced emission at room temperature, but control over charge carrier transport remains limited. Here formamidinium-based layered 2D perovskites are developed with high predicted symmetry. The absence of octahedral distortion results in an exciton diffusion length of 2.5 µm.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity exacerbates immune complications in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Here, the authors utilize multi-omics and immune phenotyping data and show that CMV seropositivity induces pro-inflammatory cytokines and further identify FCRL6 as a potential biomarker for immune activation.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

Many vascular‑disease risk loci lack defined causal genes. Here, the authors integrate functional genomics and CRISPR screens to identify genes influencing smooth muscle cell behaviour, validating roles for FES, BCAR1, CARF and SMARCA4, with Fes loss promoting atherosclerosis and hypertension.

Verhaege et al. identify a conserved fibroblast barrier population at the base of the choroid plexus that compartmentalizes brain–CSF interfaces and is disrupted by inflammation, revealing a new site of central nervous system immune entry and barrier regulation.

The DNA origami vaccine platform DoriVac is shown to support multiplexed nanoparticles carrying diverse antigens against emerging infectious diseases and variants.

Hybrid back-contact silicon solar cells using a multifunctional front layer for both light trapping and passivation enable the use of a thicker absorber, outperforming the 125-μm-thick silicon heterojunction devices, with a certified efficiency of 27.62%.

Analysis of the asexually reproducing Amazon molly Poecilia formosa and its sexually reproducing progenitors Poecilia mexicana and Poecilia latipinna reveals that it maintains a divergent mutational landscape and has evaded functional mutational decay via gene conversion.

Longitudinal metatranscriptomics in a prospective cohort of 1,164 adults hospitalized for COVID-19 reveals that azithromycin offered no apparent anti-inflammatory benefit but enriched the respiratory microbiome with potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes.

Conjugated polymers are promising for compact energy storage and actuation devices though it is challenging to balance these properties. Here the authors report a polymer system suppressing ion hydration for a multifunctional microdevice.

Achieving lateral doping gradients in organic semiconductors (OSCs) via solution processing is crucial but remains a challenge. A gold-activated persulfate doping strategy can locally oxidize OSCs and create a lateral doping gradient, enabling low contact resistance and high carrier mobility in solution-processed organic field-effect transistors.

This 5-year follow-up of the double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 3 DEN-03-IB trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of the Butantan dengue vaccine in participants aged 2–59 years in Brazil found that a single dose of the vaccine was effective against DENV-1 and DENV-2, regardless of serostatus at baseline, and was safe.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer is used to enable abiotic cross-couplings in metalloenzymes. Engineering a 2-histidine metal site and substituting iron with nickel activates PsEFE for nickel-catalysed C(sp²)–S coupling reactions between thiols and aryl bromides. Directed evolution yielded metalloenzyme variants that can produce a range of thioethers with high efficiency.

The fetal globin gene repressors BCL11A and ZBTB7A directly bind γ-globin gene promoter regions. Repressor binding is disrupted by naturally occurring point mutations located upstream of the transcriptional start site that are associated with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin.

Evo 2 is an artificial intelligence-based biological foundation model trained on 9 trillion DNA base pairs spanning all domains of life that predicts functional properties from genomic sequences and provides a rich generative model for researchers in biology.

Here, using anatomy, transcriptomics, and functional assays, the authors reveal how Japanese wisteria climb using an unusual vascular architecture. Ectopic cambia arise from cortical cells and repurpose conserved cambium regulators, including KNOX genes.

The physics of resonant electro-optic microcomb generation is underexplored, limiting their potential applications. Now several technological advances are realized by studying the state space of a thin-film lithium niobate photonic frequency comb.

A model is devised to investigate free charge generation in neat acceptor domains and at donor–acceptor heterojunctions. Efficient photocurrent generation in organic heterojunctions at low energetic offsets can be related to key molecular parameters and to electronic state delocalization.

Conventional slurry electrodes limit high-energy lithium batteries. This work shows that dry-processed electrodes with molecularly coupled carbon–binder networks enable high mass and active material loading, supporting stable high-voltage operation and enhancing battery energy density.

ASXL1 is often mutated in myeloid cancers. Here, the authors describe the molecular and structural mechanism by which ASXL1 associates with the transcriptional coactivator BRD4, helping to explain their high correlation in cancers.

From 2014–2017, marine heatwaves caused global mass coral bleaching, where the corals lose their symbiotic algae. The authors find, this event exceeded the severity of all prior global bleaching events in recorded history, with approximately half the world’s reefs bleaching and 15% experiencing substantial mortality.

Here, the authors map malignant and non-malignant cellular states in human glioma using integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, revealing spatially organized tumor-microenvironment interactions and distinct oligodendrocyte-associated programs linked to disease progression.

Over the past 40 years, 42% of tropical and subtropical ecosystems have experienced an increase in plant reliance on past precipitation, consistent with greening during the late growing season in drylands and drying during the wet-to-dry period in non-drylands.