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Spindle neurons in the human cortex are morphologically distinct. Here, authors show that they also possess distinctive electrophysiological and transcriptomic features, establishing them as a functionally specialized cell type in the human brain.

Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

Here, the authors show that the chloride channel CFTR keeps osteocytes alive and limits bone loss, revealing a new mechanism for maintaining long-lived bone cells and suggesting a potential strategy to protect bone health.

KIAA1199 exacerbates sepsis induced lung injury by promoting complement activation via CFH downregulation through p53 ubiquitination in lung alveolar epithelial Type II cells.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Using high-resolution satellite imagery combined with a deep-learning-based framework to build a national energy inventory enables a data-driven assessment of solar–wind complementarity strategies to reduce power variability and enhance renewable energy penetration across China.

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant escapes neutralization by antibodies targeting the pan-coronavirus epitope in a spike fusion intermediate via steric hindrance, but reducing the antibody size overcomes this barrier and expands its range of accessible targets.

A meta-analysis of ~3,000 empirical observations shows that systemic shifts in manure management and technology integration can reduce reactive nitrogen and carbon dioxide emissions from global livestock systems under various mitigation scenarios.

Treatment failure exists in Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) patients. Here this group reports a phase 2 randomized trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of adding nimotuzumab, to CCRT on 246 patients with untreated, non-keratinising, stage II–IVA LA-NPC.

The authors present PsychFound, a psychiatry-specialized large language model trained on expert knowledge and clinical records. It achieves clinical-grade performance and enhances diagnostic and treatment decisions when deployed in clinical workflows.

A clinical trial testing whether monitoring ctDNA clearance during treatment for nasopharyngeal cancer could be used to inform decisions about an individual’s subsequent therapeutic programme shows promising results.

The DAMPE satellite observed a universal charge-dependent spectral softening in primary cosmic rays, and ruled out mass-dependent softening with >99.999% confidence.

Will medical trainees who rely on AI fail to develop foundational independent clinical reasoning? This Perspective outlines a precautionary framework to preserve foundational competence while supporting safe and effective AI integration in medical training.

SLCO4C1 is known for regulating kidney diseases. This study showed SLCO4C1 regulates hepatic cAMP uptake to suppress lipogenesis in MASLD. Targeting this pathway by FGF21 or forskolin suppressed lipogenesis.

Crystallizing the perovskite layer on thin tunnel oxide passivated contact silicon cells is challenging due to rapid heat transfer. Zhou et al. address this issue using a 2-mercaptobenzothiazole additive, achieving a tandem cell efficiency of 32.76%.

XA-Novo is a mass spectrometry–only de novo antibody sequencing workflow that reconstructs full-length antibodies from single samples or mixtures, enabling rapid sequence recovery and functional re-expression for antibody research and drug discovery.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

The preparation of thin covalent organic framework membranes on porous substrates using conventional in situ and secondary-growth methods is challenging. Here, the authors applied a non-solvent induced phase separation-triggered in situ interfacial polymerization strategy to produce covalent organic framework-mixed matrix membranes applied to gas separation.

The function and regulatory mechanism of mRNA acetylation modification in cancer progression remains largely unknown. Here the authors identify that targeting tumor N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) RNA acetyltransferase NAT10 improves anti-tumor response via MYC/CDK2/DNMT1/dsRNA/type I IFN pathway, and show the synergic anti-tumor effect of NAT10 inhibition with aPD-1.

The researchers exploit lattice-anchoring-enhanced dynamic repair in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites to demonstrate a single-crystal detector with a sensitivity of 165.6 μC mGy⁻¹ cm⁻³ and radiation stability under high-fluence 6-MeV X-rays (6.4 × 10¹¹ photons cm⁻²) and 1.2-MeV electrons (6 × 10¹⁶ electrons cm⁻²). The findings may have implications for diverse applications, including radiation therapy, astronomy and nuclear technology.

Colorectal cancer has high recurrence and metastasis rates making treatment difficult. Here, the authors report on peptide modified cell membrane coated cobalt based metal-organic frameworks which degrades and forms, in situ, photothermal materials with H₂S, allowing for immune-photothermal therapy.

The authors report acoustic microrobots with engineered cilia that could deform like bend, rotate, and change shape on demand. They use machine learning to accelerate and optimize designs for efficient actuation and future biomedical uses.

This study presents LoopID, which profiles proteins at targeted interacting enhancer–promoter (E-P) pairs, identifying the histone demethylase JMJD2 as a regulator of E-P interactions through biomolecular condensate formation independent of its catalytic activity.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with enhanced risk to develop endometrial cancer (EC). Here, the authors show that oleic acid, increased in MS, promotes endometrial cancer by supporting the stability of the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine metabolism ODC1 and polyamine accumulation.

Ming et. al. reports a memristor with an intrinsic ionic gradient that enables stable second-order dynamics and physically modulated learning rates. The device supports stable, energy-efficient continual reinforcement learning and adaptive decision-making.

A variant in the IFITM3gene increases the risk of severe influenza, but homozygosity is rare in Caucasians. The authors show that the variant gene is homozygous in 25% of healthy Chinese people, and 69% of those with severe pandemic influenza, suggesting that this gene influences the epidemiology of influenza in South-East Asia.

Here, the authors show that residues N490 and M492 of Hepatitis E Virus capsid protein are pivotal, albeit not exclusive, host tropism determinants of hepatitis E virus (HEV) for swine infection, which enhance the understanding of HEV’s zoonotic transmission and host specificity.

Spatially resolved transcriptomic, metabolomic and proteomic analyses of human liver samples highlight the role of lipid-associated macrophages in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Bronchiectasis and asthma can co-exist in the same patient, and the characteristics may be different from bronchiectasis alone. Here the authors characterise the function of ILC3 cells and how IL-17C potentiates IL-17A expression promoting a neutrophil dominated asthma endotype in mouse bronchiectasis-asthma models.

Clinically significant genetic variation in Asian populations is under-characterized. Here, the authors show the diversity in prevalence and spectrum of human disease and pharmacogenetic variants in a multi-ethnic Asian population.

Cell-cell adhesion plays critical roles in maintaining and regulating cellular functions. Here, authors present a diffusive N-cadherin functionalized hydrogel that provides cell-cell adhesion cues to modulate intercellular communication to promote neural regeneration for treatment of traumatic brain injury.

The evolution and phylogenetic placement of gnetophytes have remained elusive. The draft genome for a gnetophyte, Gnetum montanum, is now reported. Comparative analyses identify genomic features distinguishing gnetophytes from other gymnosperms.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Cholesterol sensing by LYCHOS regulates mTORC1 signaling through GATOR1-Rag GTPase. Here, authors reveal cryo-EM structures of LYCHOS in various states, showing cholesterol binding shifts it from an expanded to a contracted state, exposing a cytosolic element that engages GATOR1.