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Proteomic data from natural isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae provide insight into how these cells tolerate aneuploidy (an imbalance in the number of chromosomes), and reveal differences between lab-engineered aneuploids and diverse natural yeasts.

The authors develop textile electronic substrates with tailored stiffness and interfacial affinities by selective and controllable laser-matter interaction, addressing the mechanical mismatch between hybrid electronics and elastic textiles.

Large-scale computational and in vitro analyses identify commensal type III secretion systems and substrates in the human gut microbiome that can interact with human proteins to modulate immune pathways.

In a phase 1 trial testing healthy donor fecal microbial transplantation with immune checkpoint blockade in patients with previously untreated renal cell carcinoma, treatment was safe with an encouraging response signal and microbiome analyses, suggesting specific donor taxa associations with toxicity.

A long-read metagenomics method empowers faecal microbiota transplantation studies by precisely tracking bacteria from donors to recipients, distinguishing co-existing strains and revealing genomic changes that may reflect adaptation in the new hosts.

In a phase 2 trial evaluating healthy donor fecal microbial transplantation plus either anti-PD-1 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer or anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 in patients with melanoma, encouraging efficacy was seen in both cohorts, with responses linked to significantly greater loss of baseline bacterial species.

Guided by density functional theory, a commercially viable refractory alloy is developed, which exhibits excellent room-temperature ductility and strength, and high strength at elevated temperatures.

Improved vaccines and antivirals are needed for many enveloped viruses. Here, the authors identify sulfur-based small molecules that disrupt viral membrane properties, inhibiting fusion and entry, and safely inactivate influenza virus. The resulting inactivated influenza vaccine is protective in mice.

Via high-throughput imaging and tracking over 140 million single mycobacteria, the authors show that drug- and strain-specific killing predict treatment outcomes, with potential to improve drug development and personalized therapy.

Controlling the reactivity of the propagating chain end in polymerization reactions is crucial for achieving well-defined polymers. Here, the authors present a strategy for processive catalytic polymerization by encapsulating catalysts for ring-opening metathesis polymerization into the sub-surface cages of a metal-organic framework.

Superlubric arrays of double-bilayer graphene enable elastically coupled switching between Bernal and rhombohedral graphene polytypes under shear forces below 1 nN with an estimated energy cost of less than 1 fJ per switching event.

Strain richness of gut microbiota ecosystems is a key characteristic underpinning engraftment in faecal microbiota transplantation, and could improve the design of defined live biotherapeutic products with predictable outcomes.

It is thought that the hospital environment may contribute to infant microbiome development. Here, Brooks et al. present a genome-resolved metagenomic study of microbial genotypes from the infant gut and from neonatal intensive care unit rooms, showing that some strains are found in both infants and rooms.

Formate produced by synthetic methylotrophic E. coli can lead to carbon loss and negatively impact bioproduction efficiency. Here, the authors report the production of formate as a widespread property of NAD-dependent methanol dehydrogenases and identify Mdhs without this overoxidation activity.

A van der Waals heterostructure made from atomic layers of ferroelectric CuCrP₂S₆ and ferromagnetic Fe₃GeTe₂ can offer reversible, non-volatile ferroelectric control of two-dimensional magnetism.

Myeloid-specific mechanotransduction ablation downregulates pro-fibrotic fibroblast transcriptional profiles to reduce scar formation in human cells

Bond et al. predict mechanism of action of hit compounds from a pooled screen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutants underproducing essential proteins by comparing the strain-specific responses of screening hits to those elicited by known antimicrobials.

How is specific ribosomal RNA expression precisely controlled in the malaria parasite? Dr. Couble et al. show that a switch between distinct energy-generating pathways during parasite development directly impacts the accessibility to rDNA chromatin.

The authors report that tensile strain applied to CsV₃Sb₅ strongly suppresses the charge-density-wave (CDW) gap, increases the mass of the fermions at the higher-order van Hove singularity (HO-VHS) and drives the energy of the HO-VHS towards the Fermi energy. Further, they suggest an important role of the HO-VHS in superconducting pairing.

GRX-810, an oxide dispersion strengthened alloy, shows excellent structural performance above 1100°C and stability up to 1300 °C. Grain-size effects, additive manufacturing–induced anisotropy, and fine trigonal Y₂O₃ particles enhance creep resistance.

Crystal structures of HIV Env trimer with native glycosylation in complex with neutralizing antibodies reveal a glycan shield of high-mannose and complex-type N-glycan and indicate a path for germline-targeting vaccine design.

Engineered Escherichia coli strains expressing a colibactin antitoxin, ClbS, on the surface prevent the genotoxic effects of colibactin released by genotoxin-producing bacteria in the mouse gut.

Authors compared African and Asian Zika virus strains using chimeric viruses. They discovered that African strains achieve superior transmission efficiency through polygenic factors that enhance their ability to traverse mosquito salivary glands.

Transcription factor osr2 is identified as a specific marker and regulator of mural lymphatic endothelial cell (muLEC) differentiation and maintenance, and muLECs and border-associated macrophages share functional analogies but are not homologous, providing an example of convergent evolution.

In this work, authors utilise genome-wide CRISPRi screening to identify vulnerabilities in isoniazid-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

In this work, Urem et al. characterize the mode of action as well as mechanism of reduced susceptibility related to a class of antimicrobials that is in development for the treatment of infections with Gram-positive pathogens.

How inflammation spreads from the skin to the joints in psoriatic disease is unclear. Here, the authors show that joint-resident fibroblasts can control differentiation of infiltrating skin-derived myeloid precursors that can become inflammatory macrophages.

The authors present Gemini, their bifunctional replicon platform capable of functioning as either self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) or self-amplifying DNA (saDNA).

Vaccines inducing mucosal immunity may provide better protection from respiratory viruses. Here, Ykema et al. demonstrate the utility of a bivalent, mucosally delivered nanostructured lipid carrier-replicon vaccine for induction of mucosal and systemic immunity and protection against morbidity and mortality from H5N1 and H7N9 influenza.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy uses engineered donor T cells to recognize and eliminate cancer cells through cognate antigen-dependent activation. Here authors develop an alternative to bead-based or cancer-cell-induced CAR-T cell activation by presenting the antigen on the surface of engineered yeast cells, which allows precise regulation of antigen density.

Chemical language models trained on known metabolites can identify previously unknown metabolites from mass spectrometry-based metabolomics data with high accuracy.

Data collected from zoos and aquariums worldwide show that hormonal contraception or permanent surgical sterilization in mammals increase life expectancy, with different mechanisms in males and females.

Spike-based sensing offers the potential to lower power consumption and enable edge computing. Here, the authors fabricate a bio-inspired strain sensor using hybrid 3D printing enabled by a quantum tunneling composite with a large strain range.

Here, the authors present and characterise a collection of human gut bacteria including novel taxa associated with health conditions and a large diversity of plasmids. All isolates, their genomes and metadata are publicly available, facilitating research by others (www.hibc.rwth-aachen.de).

The distinct architecture of the Escherichia coli membrane transporter LetA mediates lipid trafficking across the bacterial envelope in partnership with the tunnel-like complex LetB.

T-cell–mediated rejection (TCMR) remains a major cause of kidney transplant failure with incompletely understood mechanisms. Here the authors use single-nucleus RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and immunofluorescence to show that injured kidney epithelial cell states associate with poor transplant outcomes after T-cell–mediated rejection.

Previous research has suggested that pDCs are required for an effective antiviral immune response, but direct experimental evidence to support this is lacking. Here Ngo et al. develop a pDC knockin mouse model and find that pDCs are dispensable for an antiviral immune response to mouse cytomegalovirus and may be detrimental during influenza or SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19 also reduced circulation of endemic viruses which may have led to immune waning. Here, the authors use multiplex serology data from King County, Washington, US to characterise age-specific changes in antibody levels to a range of endemic viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The inability of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells to shift the circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus during daytime is caused by light-dependent depolarization block of these cells.

Division of embryonic cells with an incomplete contractile ring occurs by a ratchet mechanism with repeated cycles of cytoplasmic stiffening, which stabilizes the contractile actin band, and fluidization, which enables band ingression.

Engineered mucus-tethering bispecific nanobodies neutralize and entrap viruses to enhance mucosal immunity, preventing influenza infection and limiting SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

Understanding strain dynamics and their relationship with crystallographic facets have been largely unexplored. Here the authors demonstrate how the 3D lattice displacement and strain evolution depend on the crystallographic facets of Pt nanoparticles during CO oxidation reaction, providing new insights in the relationship between facet-related surface strain and chemistry.

Basidiomycete fungi typically have two mating-type loci located on different chromosomes. Here, Lucotte et al. report the convergent loss-of-function of mating-type genes across several species of phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Microbotryum.