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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune condition and treatment options have limited efficacy. Here, by analysis clinical samples and employing preclinical models, the authors show that cGAMP levels are elevated in the plasma of patients with SLE and that loss of cGAS ameliorates symptoms in an imiquimod-induced lupus model. Importantly, they identify prasugel as a cGAS inhibitor with promising therapeutic potential.

RNase MRP is an essential ribonucleoprotein complex in eukaryotes. Here, authors describe how RNase MRP structurally and functionally diverged from RNase P, through specific RNA-protein adaptations, to evolve a novel ssRNA processing activity in eukaryotes.

Researchers identify FOXJ3 variants in focal epilepsy and cortical dysplasia and show that FOXJ3 regulates neuronal migration and cortical layer formation by controlling the PTEN–mTOR pathway; disruption of this process leads to abnormal brain development.

Prior work indicated that loss of neurons in the hypothalamus containing hypocretin was responsible for human narcolepsy. Here, authors show that all narcolepsy patients also have a loss of noradrenergic neurons in the brainstem locus coeruleus.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

CBP phosphorylation keeps intestinal homeostasis by restraining CBP–p53 binding to allow sufficient versican expression. Its impairment suppresses versican, disrupting the stem cell niche to drive UC and highlighting versican as a therapeutic target.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

Ming et. al. reports a memristor with an intrinsic ionic gradient that enables stable second-order dynamics and physically modulated learning rates. The device supports stable, energy-efficient continual reinforcement learning and adaptive decision-making.

Coral reefs are declining globally, but regional degradation drivers are poorly quantified. This study reveals that coral loss in the northern South China Sea is predominantly linked to human coastal activities, suggesting that tailored local management may effectively reduce reef collapse.

Lithium||sulfur batteries are limited by sluggish solid-state sulfur conversion. Here, authors investigate spin-state transitions as a key kinetic barrier and design a spin-regulated catalyst that accelerates sulfur conversion, suppresses polysulfide shuttling, and enables high-capacity pouch cells.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

This study shows that medial septal parvalbumin neurons causally control hippocampal place cell dynamics during memory encoding, thereby supporting object-place recognition and rescuing sleep deprivation-induced memory deficits.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a highly lethal cancer with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. This study identifies Prolyl 3- hydroxylase 1 (P3H1) as a critical regulator of PDAC progression through PLK1-β-catenin signaling, driving tumor-associated macrophage recruitment and tumor growth.

Accessory chromosomes are known to play roles in the evolution and virulence of ascomycetes, but are understudied in other groups of fungi. Here the authors sequence and analyse genomes of multiple isolates from a basidiomycete species, revealing substantial genomic variation and diverse core and accessory chromosome numbers.

Inborn errors of cell death (IECD) with autoinflammatory manifestations could be induced by excessive T cell death. Here the authors characterize IECD patients with autoinflammatory manifestations who possess overactive RIPK1 variants which promote T cell death, secretion of TNF and IFN-γ along with activation of monocytes and macrophages which promotes further autoinflammation.

Exceptional points (EPs) in non-Hermitian systems offer a strong response to perturbations, offering a promising platform for sensing. By using a third-order EP of coherent perfect absorption, here, authors demonstrate signal-to-noise ratio enhancement in a passive cavity magnonic system, providing a step forward towards future developments of EP sensing.

Copper nanoclusters are promising photothermal heaters, but their conversion efficiency is limited efficiency. Here, the authors present a rotor-stator ligand architecture that enables enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency of copper nanoclusters.

You, Hu et al. discover a population of COTL1^high NK cells regulated by GITRL⁺ macrophages and demonstrate their functional importance in mediating anti-tumour immunity in cancer with impaired tumour-specific MHC-I expression.

Mg₃(Sb, Bi)₂ is a potential next-generation thermoelectric with cost-effectiveness compared with Bi₂Te₃; however, it suffers from poor moisture corrosion resistance. Here, an anodic protection strategy is presented that substantially reduces corrosion, enabling the 28-day performance of a module in high-temperature and high-humidity environment.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthetic enzymes have been reported to be oncogenic. Here, the authors show that NAPRT, a key enzyme in the deamidated NAD biosynthesis pathway, functions as a suppressor of colon inflammation and tumorigenesis by maintaining DNA repair capability.

Lithium dendrites are a major barrier to the use of high-energy lithium metal batteries. Now, a highly adhesive polymer electrolyte is designed to suppress lithium dendrites by confining lithium in a continuous nucleation state through strong interfacial binding interactions.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

Femtosecond laser pulse-induced coherent helicity switching of magnetic vortices in permalloy disks on picosecond timescales is reported.

ZBH-01 is a dual-targeting agent for topoisomerase I (TOP1) and DNA G-quadruplexes (G4s), addresses colorectal cancer chemoresistance by inducing DNA damage, telomere shortening, and cellular senescence, offering a single-agent therapeutic strategy.

Exhausted CD8⁺ T cells increase proteasome activity due to the accumulation of depolarized mitochondria, which drives the selective degradation of mitochondrial proteins and releases of regulatory haem through haemoprotein breakdown.

Measurement-based quantum computing implements quantum algorithms by performing sequences of measurements on special classes of entangled states, such as cluster states. This approach has now been demonstrated on a superconducting quantum processor.

TRIP6 phosphorylation triggers a signalling cascade that promotes glycolysis in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cells. The resulting lactate accumulation drives extracellular lactylation of CD44 on CD8⁺ T cells, thereby compromising their anti-tumour activity.

Farnesyl pyrophosphate—a mevalonate pathway metabolic intermediate—is an endogenous alarmin that enhances IgG antibody responses through keratinocyte-derived IL-6 and CCL20.

In a prospective multi-centre cohort in China, people living in areas of high soil selenium had a 35% increased risk of incident diabetes over a 3-year study period, with a stronger effect seen for men.

The authors mapped the continental-scale fraction of age-dependent leaf area index and revealed a widespread increase in the fraction of photosynthetically efficient young leaves across the majority of Amazon rainforests over the past decades.

Sub-Saharan Africa and Indus River Valley are two hotpots of the occurrence of compound heat-pollution events in recent decades, though with different circulation backgrounds, revealed by fine scale global assessment.

A meta-analysis of plant nuclear genomic data provides fundamental insights into the genomic nature of differences between plant species and informs future strategies for DNA-based identification of plants using nuclear genomes.

Hepatokine FGL1 mediates liver-kidney crosstalk in renal fibrosis. Upregulated by circulating inflammatory cytokines post-injury, it binds ALK5 to potentiate TGF-β signaling and promotes fibrotic progression, presenting a promising target for CKD.

Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common form of oesophageal cancer, often diagnosed late. This group presents a phase 2 trial reporting efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant serplulimab plus chemotherapy in locally advanced ESCC, and showing distinct tumour microenvironment profiles.

Pancreatic ductal carcinoma is often diagnosed at a late stage due to challenges in detection. Here, the authors develop a serum metabolomics-based algorithm, which outperforms existing detection methods.

RNAret introduces a Retentive Network-based architecture to RNA modeling, enabling linear complexity for long sequences and demonstrating superior performance in predicting RNA interactions, secondary structures, and coding potential.

Sleep inertia (SI), waking from sleep, impairs tonic alertness temporarily. Thalamic activity recovers dynamically during SI, mediating PVT performance. Thalamo-FPN coupling specifically supports alertness restoration, framing SI cognitive recovery

In urethral damage, exogenous implants designed for urethral repair are hindered by the open and harsh urethral microenvironments and the isotropic compression and swelling properties of the material. Here, Yang et al. develop a tri-layer hydrogel with anti-fouling and low-swelling properties for scarless urethral repair.

The electron-phonon coupling in organic semiconductors is key to improving performance for devices. Here, the authors show that modulating the penetrated donor-acceptor interface with low electron-phonon coupling, reduces non-radiative voltage loss for high-performance organic solar cell devices.

The efficacy of the TGF-β×PD-L1 bispecific antibody (BsAb) is not promising clinically. The authors here develop a Y101S, an antibody-drug conjugate targeting TGF-β, PD-L1, and STING, which manifests superior anti-tumor efficacy in preclinical models with the mechanism of enhanced CXCL16 mediated cytotoxic CXCR6⁺ T cells recruitment.

Climate limits where insects can live and which species can coexist. Using thermal tolerances of 653 moths on Asian mountains, this study shows warmer temperatures broaden thermal tolerance traits diversity; daily variation has little influence, and strong seasonality mildly weakens this pattern.

Structural colour offers an alternative to pigment-based colouration, but patterning often requires multiple steps. Here, the authors report a one-step, mask-free strategy for the formation of structural colour patterns based on manipulation of a nanoparticle enriched disordered layer.