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Self-amplifying RNA enables durable therapeutic expression, but its high immunogenicity and low-fidelity replication limit its use. Here, authors engineer a Norovirus-derived VPg-saRNA platform that achieves cap-independent, low-immunogenic and precise therapeutic protein expression in vivo.

Phagocytes must safely remove mitochondria released after tissue injury to prevent harmful immune activation. Here, the authors show that TMEM110 preserves lysosomal function to clear mitochondrial DNA, thereby limiting organ damage and mortality after traumatic brain injury.

It remains unclear whether and how endometrial dysfunction leads to infertility in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), independent of the ovary. Here, the authors show that elevated ERα and histone lactylation impair endometrial receptivity in PCOS and serve as potential therapeutic targets.

Authors present a chainmail-inspired microwave absorber, fabricated via 3D printing, that adapts to complex surfaces with minimal performance degradation. It allows dynamic frequency tuning through structural reconfiguration, providing a combined absorption bandwidth from 4.6 to 18 GHz across different configurations.

This study applies generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and advanced transcriptome wide association study (TWAS) methods to improve the discovery of colorectal cancer risk transcription factors and genes, including potential druggable targets.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

The existence of a long-lived, prethermal regime in many-body systems with tunable heating rates, driven by structured random protocols, is observed using a 78-qubit superconducting quantum processor.

A skeletal editing strategy for the direct conversion of oxazoles and isoxazoles into thiazoles and isothiazoles is described. These one-step transformations may be beneficial for drug development programmes by enabling rapid diversification of bioactive compounds and advancing structure–activity relationship studies.

Conventional amides electrosynthesis methods confine reactions to solely electrochemical reduction or oxidation processes, resulting in low amides yield rates. Here, the authors report a tandem electrolyzer that couples cathodic nitrate reduction with anodic ethanol oxidation to produce acetamide.

Chen et al. show that redox signals activate ADAR1 to fix faulty RNA pieces during DNA copying, ensuring smooth replication and protecting genome stability.

Chen et al. report the design and characterization of a systemically injectable oncolytic virus with tumor-targeting and low-immunogenic properties, engineered to induce tumor cell pyroptosis under local mild hyperthermia.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) was identified as a synthetic-lethal target in p53-deficient cancers through alterations in double-stranded RNA accumulation. A covalent small-molecule inhibitor of TDG exhibited potent efficacy against p53-deficient tumors.

Tan and colleagues develop DNA nanodevices to detect the pH of the lysosomal outer surface, observing an acidic layer generated by TMEM175 that regulates lysosome positioning in response to changes in juxta-lysosomal pH.

Hong-Xuan Lin, Ji-Ping Gao, Jun-Xiang Shan and colleagues show that natural variation in a proteasome α2 subunit gene contributes to thermotolerance in African rice. Their follow-up studies suggest that the variant allele protects cells from heat stress by enhancing the elimination of cytotoxic denatured proteins and maintaining heat-response processes.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

Hepatocyte-specific GPR110 mediates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis progression by regulating hepatic oestrogen sensitivity in a sex-specific manner, specifically in female mice.

The development of novel two-dimensional antiferromagnets is crucial for enhancing the performance of spintronic devices. Here, authors realize the synthesis of CrOCl monolayer films and nanosheets that exhibit excellent performance.

Urban redevelopment is a key government policy and planning strategy to address various urban challenges. This study investigates where, how and to what extent China’s city hierarchy influences redevelopment activities within China’s rapidly evolving urban landscape.

Insights from surface science studies on model catalysts very often do not translate to practical catalytic systems due to the so-called pressure and materials gaps. Now, a combination of in situ microscopy, spectroscopy and computational modelling is used to bridge the knowledge from surface science and powder catalysts for FeO–Pt during CO oxidation.

Mu-Ping Hsu and colleagues report a low-temperature Cu-Cu bonding approach using a thin silver layer that resists heat and humidity. The method improves bond stability, enabling reliable stacking for next-generation advanced packaging.

Infrared information encryption is a promising technique for data transmission, though current strategies fail to transmit data in real-time. Here the authors report a multilayer relaxor ferroelectric polymer stack which exhibits rectangular temperature wave for real-time and programmable encryption.

The authors conducted a genome-wide association study of bipolar disorder (BD) in Han Chinese and integrated PGC4 East Asian and European datasets, discovering 23 novel loci, prioritizing 39 credible risk genes and implicating BD-related cell types and druggable targets.

In this study, authors evaluate mass tuberculosis (TB) screening data from 183,808 elderly individuals in China, finding that abnormal chest X-rays significantly increase TB risk.

Previous structural studies of T cell recognition of SARS-CoV-2 have been confined to spike epitopes. Here the authors assess T cell recognition of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid epitopes, which are more conserved than spike epitopes, providing structural insights into recognition of two epitopes.

Foamy macrophages are key to atherosclerosis but poorly understood. Here, the authors show that GPNMB regulates lipoprotein processing in macrophages, exacerbating pathological lipid accumulation, and revealing it as a therapeutic target whose inhibition reduces atherosclerosis in mice.

The difference in rupture speed between fault segments in the 2023 M_w 7.8 Kahramanmaraş earthquake may be explained by the contrasting structure of and stress on these segments, according to seismic tomographic imaging of beneath the fault zone.

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria offer a promising route to reduce reliance on synthetic fertilizers, but their effectiveness is hindered by environmental stresses that limit survival on leaf surfaces. This study introduces a nanocoating strategy that enables robust foliar colonization of Klebsiella variicola, enhancing nitrogen fixation and improving rice yield under low-fertilizer conditions.

Maintaining facial warmth and humidity while ensuring adequate oxygen intake in cold environments is challenging for facial masks. Here, the authors design a MetaMask that recovers heat and moisture from exhaled air to warm inhaled air to 26.2 °C in a − 20 °C environment, while maintaining sufficient oxygen levels.

Sepsis remains a major clinical challenge due to dysregulated inflammation. Here, the authors develop a chemogenetic RNA-editing system using bioengineered lentiviruses to target and downregulate NLRP3 mRNA in inflammatory macrophages, offering a controllable and effective strategy for sepsis treatment.

Light-dependent phosphorylation can modulate rice blast immunity. Here the authors show that the receptor-like kinase OsLIKE1 phosphorylates LHCB5 to confer blast resistance and identify SNPs that could potentially be used to breed resistant cultivars.

Maintaining proper reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance is critical for cellular and individual health, yet its dynamic nature encumbers monitoring and assessment. Here the authors propose a platform using mass cytometry-based detection, termed SN-ROP, to identify distinct ROS profiles associated with specific immune cell functions and disease states.

This research creates a terahertz plasmonic gradient metasurface for miniaturized spectroscopy. It enables continuous, broad spectral sensing without scanning, allowing real-time, label-free identification of multiple biomolecules.

Integrated single-cell RNA and immune repertoire analysis of PBMCs identifies key circulating immune perturbations in lupus nephritis, highlighting non-invasive biomarkers and CD74 as a potential therapeutic target.

Real-time prediction of dynamic systems is a challenge in balancing accuracy and computational efficiency. Here, the authors propose a regional graph representation with a time-aware expert module, enabling scalable multi-scale modeling that improves both speed and long-term forecasting accuracy.

Potassium tert-butoxide is used in a precious-metal-free alkyl transfer strategy for synthesizing azaarenes and polyazaarenes from alkenes and nitriles via carbon–carbon bond cleavage. This method produces aryl methanes as the sole by-product and allows divergent synthesis of functionalized azaarenes, some of which exhibit visible-light photocatalytic reactivity.