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The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

Hua et al. report a rigid molecule to partially replace oleylamine ligands and vertically anchors on the CsPbI3 nanoplatelets, suppressing electron-phonon coupling. The rigid-ligand pinning strategy enables pure-red LEDs with a linewidth of 24 nm, efficiency of 29.8%, and operational lifetime of 128.2 h.

High-latitude soils are future soil organic carbon loss hotspots, with losses dominated by particulate organic carbon (POC). The fraction of POC in total SOC (f_POC) is a key indicator, emphasizing the climate importance of preserving POC.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

The community of microbes living in our gut plays a crucial role in our health. Here, authors develop a simple chemical sensor array that can rapidly identify different gut bacteria and distinguish between stages of colorectal cancer, offering a promising approach for disease diagnostics.

A Hemostatic Tough Adhesive (HTA) is developed and evaluated, achieving hemostasis in both liver and spleen injuries within an in vivo preclinical porcine model.

The enhancement of tribo-negative performance in traditional fluorinated polymers is important for the design of triboelectric devices. Here, the authors describe the enhancements of the tribo-negative properties of fluorinated copolymers via the synergistic effects of C-F and C-Cl bonds in the polymers.

Perovskite–silicon solar cells rely on buffer layers that avoid damaging the perovskite, but common tin-oxide layers force thicker transport layers that increase optical loss. The authors replace this layer with thermally evaporated antimony oxide, enabling thinner C₆₀ and higher-efficiency perovskite–silicon solar cells.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

The genomewide meta-analysis of lumbar spinal stenosis LSS identifies 73 previously unreported loci in addition to 15 known loci and highlights spinal degeneration as a key pathogenic mechanism. Overall, the findings expand knowledge of the genetic background of LSS.

Coronary artery disease has several genetic risk factors. Here, the authors develop a model that combines germline and somatic genetic drivers to predict coronary artery disease risk, identifying high-risk individuals not detected by polygenic risk scores alone.

Flexible batteries often fail under harsh conditions. Here, authors developed a hydrogel electrolyte via synergism of nanophase separation, hydrated eutectic solvation, and hydrogen-bond networks, enabling flexible Zn||I₂ batteries with high specific energy and long lifespan across −40 to 80 °C.

The MoSi₂N₄ family is an emerging class of van der Waals materials with interesting properties. Here, the authors report a systematic characterization of point defects in monolayer WSi₂N₄ and MoSi₂N₄, showing their influence on the electronic properties of the materials.

Aqueous iron-ion batteries represent a compelling energy storage solution due to the cost-effectiveness, suitable redox potential, and high capacity of Fe negative electrodes. This study activates phosphorus redox activity in a carboxyl small molecule positive electrode for iron-ion batteries.

Electrochemical nitrate reduction rivals Haber-Bosch ammonia synthesis rates but suffers from poor energy efficiency. Here, the authors show that underpotential deposited hydrogen can be unlocked to accelerate nitrate conversion, offering an pathway to energy-efficient ammonia production.

Cells respond to cholesterol levels with increased growth. Here, the authors show that HR3/RORα senses cholesterol to regulate TOR signaling, linking cholesterol availability to cell growth, with implications for cholesterol-related diseases and cancer.

Computationally designing proteins with interfaces that bind small molecules has posed a long-standing challenge. Here, authors combine deep learning and physics-based approaches to design proteins that bind small molecules, and demonstrate their approach by designing a cortisol biosensor.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

This study identifies an autocrine role for hepatic FGF1, wherein its circadian rhythmicity synchronizes triglyceride secretion with activity. Disruption of this clock-regulated pathway impairs lipid homeostasis.

Single-atom catalysts excel in selective hydrogenation but are limited by insufficient binding sites for larger multidentate substrates. Here, the authors report a heteronuclear Rh–Co dual-atom catalyst anchored on defective graphene, overcoming the activity–selectivity trade-off in nitrile hydrogenation.

Removing trace acetylene from ethylene is vital for plastic production, yet catalysts often overreact and waste the product. This work reveals that palladium dual-atom catalyst on carbon greatly speeds the reaction while keeping ethylene intact.

Ischemic stroke involves complex peripheral and central pathologies. Here, authors develop a spatially tiered strategy using dual stiffness nanoparticles for compartment-specific drug delivery, offering a synergistic treatment paradigm.

Liquid metals can create flexible, conductive composites, but often show a trade-off between these properties. Here, the authors optimise the interactions between liquid-metal and polyurethane to obtain a composite with high thermal conductivity and stretchability at low liquid metal loading.

Femtosecond laser pulse-induced coherent helicity switching of magnetic vortices in permalloy disks on picosecond timescales is reported.

Fanjiang Kong, Zhixi Tian, Xingliang Hou, Baohui Liu and colleagues report the cloning and functional characterization of J, the locus underlying the long-juvenile (LJ) trait that has enabled tropical cultivation of soybean. They show that J, an ortholog of Arabidopsis ELF3, downregulates the expression of E1, thereby promoting flowering under short-day conditions.

TDP-43 pathology is a key event in ALS/FTD and selectively affects specific neurons in the motor cortex. Here, the authors report which neuron types are affected and demonstrate that transcriptomic changes are cell-type specific.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

The authors have applied an eight-tissue rat multi-omic dataset to analyze the gene regulatory landscape of endurance exercise training, identifying tissue-specific regulatory patterns involved in muscle function, metabolism and immune response.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

Nanozymes are promising for controlling plant bacterial diseases, but conventional nanozymes suffer from low bacterial affinity, inefficient enzyme-like activity, and thus poor antibacterial efficacy. Here, the authors report a copper single-atom nanozyme that outperforms commercial thiodiazole copper in controlling plant bacterial diseases via intelligent capture and photo-enhanced activity.

Researchers identify FOXJ3 variants in focal epilepsy and cortical dysplasia and show that FOXJ3 regulates neuronal migration and cortical layer formation by controlling the PTEN–mTOR pathway; disruption of this process leads to abnormal brain development.

A study of reproducibility in a stratified random sample of 600 papers published from 2009 to 2018 in 62 journals spanning the social and behavioural sciences finds higher reproducibility among more recent papers and papers from journals that require data sharing.

Atomic radius differences between the constituent elements of nano-alloys can lead to excessive lattice distortions or even phase separation. This work reports a plasma-assisted carbothermal flash sintering strategy for the synthesis of sub-5 nm high-entropy alloy nanoparticles accommodating large- and small-size atoms.

Cultivated banana is threatened by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (TR4). In this study, the authors assemble the genome of Musa cheesmanii, a wild banana species that is highly resistant to TR4, and use it in crossbreeding with two cultivars to enhance disease resistance.

A mummified fossil of the early Permian reptile Captorhinus reveals the potential ancestral amniote breathing mechanism and its impact on terrestrial vertebrate evolution.

Electrochemical conversion of propylene to propylene oxide using seawater is attractive but limited by inefficient use of reactive chlorine species. Here, the authors incorporate lithium into a cobalt catalyst to enhance radical generation, achieving industrial-level yields and high efficiency

Photoredox catalysis promises transformative advances in proximity labeling and noninvasive therapy, yet photocatalysts rarely combine low-energy light absorption with high excited-state potentials. Here, the authors report Ru-based bio-photocatalysts that integrate greenlight absorption with strong redox power, enabling selective protein and phenol coupling.

Vascular smooth muscle cells undergo complex transitions to multiple disease-related phenotypes in coronary artery disease. Using vascular smooth muscle lineage-traced single-cell RNA and ATAC sequencing, the authors map molecular spatiotemporal patterns of murine atherosclerosis and discover molecular mechanisms of TCF21-mediated coronary artery disease risk.

NPM3 promotes histone lactylation (H3K18la/K27la) and drives FASN transcription and cardiomyocyte necroptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Targeting this pathway with dihydroartemisinin alleviates cardiac dysfunction.

Native top-down proteomics reveals epidermal growth factor receptor–estrogen receptor-alpha (EGFR–ER) signaling crosstalk in breast cancer cells and dissociation of nuclear transport factor 2 (NUTF2) dimers to modulate ER signaling and cell growth.

Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease identify potential target genes for IBD GWAS loci not readily detected in individuals without disease highlighting the importance disease-focused studies.

Tunnel oxide passivating contact solar cells face unresolved questions about the atomic scale nature of pinholes that limit performance. The authors use aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy to reveal two pinhole types and showing that oxygen-based passivation rather than pinholes geometry drives efficiency.

In the nonpivotal stage 1 of the randomized phase 3 PRESERVE-003 trial, patients with immunochemotherapy-resistant metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer without actionable genomic alterations treated with the next-generation, pH-sensitive anti-CTLA-4 agent gotistobart had encouraging overall survival outcomes compared to docetaxel.

Longitudinal metatranscriptomics in a prospective cohort of 1,164 adults hospitalized for COVID-19 reveals that azithromycin offered no apparent anti-inflammatory benefit but enriched the respiratory microbiome with potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthetic enzymes have been reported to be oncogenic. Here, the authors show that NAPRT, a key enzyme in the deamidated NAD biosynthesis pathway, functions as a suppressor of colon inflammation and tumorigenesis by maintaining DNA repair capability.

Emulating biological vision with dual functions of photoreceptors and photosynapses through light-modulated ion transport presents a significant challenge. Here, the authors present a light-regulated nanofluidic iontronic device that can mimic the dual visual functionalities with adjustable polarity-switching behaviour.

Prediction of tumour recurrence in anal squamous cell carcinoma can be challenging. Here, the authors use a tumour-informed ctDNA assay to show concordance with relapse in patients following failed definitive-intent chemoradiation.

Simultaneous profiling of adenylated and non-adenylated RNAs reveals regulatory programs across diverse cell types.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is linked to light chain (LC) amyloidosis, yet MM patient-derived LC fibril structures remain unknown. Yao et al. extracted LC fibrils from abdominal fat biopsies of two living MM patients and solved three structures using cryo-electron microscopy.