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A Hemostatic Tough Adhesive (HTA) is developed and evaluated, achieving hemostasis in both liver and spleen injuries within an in vivo preclinical porcine model.

This study delineates lifespan changes in the sensorimotor-association gradient using multimodal neuroimaging data from 33,247 participants, revealing a pattern aligned with evolutionary, structural, and cognitive hierarchies within a unified neurodevelopmental framework.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Many hospitalised children with acute illness in low- and middle-income countries experience incomplete recovery, readmission, and post-discharge mortality despite guideline-directed care. Here the authors report multiomic profiling to investigate biological drivers of hospital in-patient and post-discharge mortality in 3,101 acutely ill children across nine sites in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.

The community of microbes living in our gut plays a crucial role in our health. Here, authors develop a simple chemical sensor array that can rapidly identify different gut bacteria and distinguish between stages of colorectal cancer, offering a promising approach for disease diagnostics.

Inborn errors of cell death (IECD) with autoinflammatory manifestations could be induced by excessive T cell death. Here the authors characterize IECD patients with autoinflammatory manifestations who possess overactive RIPK1 variants which promote T cell death, secretion of TNF and IFN-γ along with activation of monocytes and macrophages which promotes further autoinflammation.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

Ribosomal Protein S15 (RPS15) is recurrently mutated in B-cell leukemia but its leukemogenic role remains unclear. Here, the authors establish mutant RPS15 as a cancer driver and reveal mechanisms by which these mutations induce translational defects, DNA damage and genomic instability that together promote leukemogenesis.

Despite rapid development of model algorithms, more evidence is needed on the widespread clinical implementation of auto-segmentation tools. In this prospective, multicenter, observational trial, the authors find that AI-assisted delineation performs better than manual delineation while improving time efficiency and reducing performance metrics variability across centers and physicians with varying expertise.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

Dong and colleagues report that blockade of T cell-expressed cytotoxic and regulatory T cell molecule results in selective mitigation of immune-related toxicities without affecting antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Bile acids, including glycocholic acid (GCA), have been associated to poor prognosis and cancer progression. Here, the authors discover that GCA inactivation of FXR reduces CD8 + T cell-mediated antitumor response in colorectal cancer.

Placenta plays a central role in prenatal development, yet it has been notably underrepresented in large-scale tissue-specific genomic and transcriptomic initiatives. Here, the authors generate a comprehensive placental transcriptome reference using long-read sequencing, revealing unexpected transcriptional complexity. Applied to gestational diabetes data, the reference identified pregnancy hormone isoforms mediating effects on newborn birth weight.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune condition and treatment options have limited efficacy. Here, by analysis clinical samples and employing preclinical models, the authors show that cGAMP levels are elevated in the plasma of patients with SLE and that loss of cGAS ameliorates symptoms in an imiquimod-induced lupus model. Importantly, they identify prasugel as a cGAS inhibitor with promising therapeutic potential.

Wu et al. identify circulating proteins associated with cardiovascular and neurological imaging traits and diseases, and validate GDF15 as a shared determinant of heart and brain pathologies in mice.

The COMPASSION16 trial showed survival benefits of cadonilimab plus standard therapy in advanced cervical cancer. Here, subgroup analysis confirms consistent progression-free and overall survival improvements across diverse patient profiles.

The genomewide meta-analysis of lumbar spinal stenosis LSS identifies 73 previously unreported loci in addition to 15 known loci and highlights spinal degeneration as a key pathogenic mechanism. Overall, the findings expand knowledge of the genetic background of LSS.

Analysis of the asexually reproducing Amazon molly Poecilia formosa and its sexually reproducing progenitors Poecilia mexicana and Poecilia latipinna reveals that it maintains a divergent mutational landscape and has evaded functional mutational decay via gene conversion.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

In the nonpivotal stage 1 of the randomized phase 3 PRESERVE-003 trial, patients with immunochemotherapy-resistant metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer without actionable genomic alterations treated with the next-generation, pH-sensitive anti-CTLA-4 agent gotistobart had encouraging overall survival outcomes compared to docetaxel.

Preclinical studies have suggested that PARP inhibitors and anti-angiogenic therapy may favour response to immune checkpoint blockade in ovarian cancer. Here the authors report efficacy and translational data of a phase II trial of anti-PD-L1 durvalumab and cediranib (anti-angiogenic drug) with and without the PARP inhibitor olaparib in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer.

RNase MRP is an essential ribonucleoprotein complex in eukaryotes. Here, authors describe how RNase MRP structurally and functionally diverged from RNase P, through specific RNA-protein adaptations, to evolve a novel ssRNA processing activity in eukaryotes.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disease of premature infants with unclear mechanisms. Here, the authors show that CD177⁺ neutrophil–platelet aggregates promote neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-linked thromboinflammation in NEC and that blocking CD177/NET formation or low-molecular-weight heparin alleviates disease in mouse models.

A deep-tissue light source made from mechanoluminescent transducers stimulated by focused ultrasound enables wide imaging of live animal vasculature, and modulation of neuronal activity and behaviour.

BUSGen is a foundation generative model designed for analysing breast ultrasound images that supports diverse tasks and improves breast cancer screening, diagnosis and prognosis.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) contribute to tissue repair and regeneration by activating pro-repair macrophages. However, the precise signaling governing this crosstalk upon injury is elusive. Here, using a mouse model of endovascular injury and single-cell RNA sequencing, the authors identify an IL-33–ST2–OPN axis that orchestrates the functional interaction between MSCs and reparative ST2+ macrophages, stimulating vascular smooth muscle cell and vascular repair.

Zhang et al. demonstrate that cardiac ischemia–reperfusion injury leads to the accumulation of glutamylated microtubules, which disrupts connexin 43 trafficking and promotes arrhythmias. They further show that targeting microtubule glutamylation or spastin preserves electrical stability and protects the heart from injury.

The onset of septic cardiomyopathy (SC) is linked to excessive ROS, leading to increased oxidative stress and iron accumulation. Here, the authors report a conducting polymer-stabilized ruthenium nanozyme that shows desirable conductivity and catalytic properties, targets cardiac mitochondria, alleviates lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, achieving precise therapeutic effects on SC.

Macrophage-dependent phagocytosis elicits robust antitumor immunity. Nevertheless, therapeutic strategies harnessing phagocytosis have been met with limited success. Here the authors demonstrate that dual-phagocytosis checkpoint blockade, achieved by simultaneously targeting CD47 and CD24, greatly enhances tumor cell phagocytosis thus increasing antigen-presentation capacity, cGAS-STING activation and T cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment, ultimately fostering robust antitumor immunity in preclinical mouse models of glioblastoma.

Parkinson’s disease is managed through co-treatment with levodopa and tolcapone, with tolcapone altering the microbiome to increase its capacity to metabolize levodopa, implicating the gut microbiome in drug–drug interaction.

Investigating how aging predisposes individuals to a higher metastatic risk, the authors identify that extracellular vesicles secreted by senescent hepatocytes carry miRNAs that enhance metastatic potential in tumor-bearing aged mice, with relevance for older adults with cancer.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

You, Hu et al. discover a population of COTL1^high NK cells regulated by GITRL⁺ macrophages and demonstrate their functional importance in mediating anti-tumour immunity in cancer with impaired tumour-specific MHC-I expression.

Identification of genetic variants associated with the efficacy and side effects of GLP1 medications could underpin development of precision medicine approaches in the treatment of obesity.

A retrospective analysis of a publicly funded NIPT programme in Hebei province, China, covering more than 1.18 million pregnancies, shows that first-tier NIPT achieved high coverage, reduced invasive testing by 97% and was more cost-effective than maternal serum screening, and the NIPT positive results were linked to higher risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes, suggesting potential early warning value.

Digital medicine needs intuitive readouts to translate multidimensional biomarkers into reliable cancer tests. Here, authors present EnCODE, an enzyme-driven colorimetric platform that encodes multi-miRNA profiles into decodable colours, detecting pancreatic cancer with 90% accuracy in 163 patient samples.

Selecting for varieties of commercial crops with enhanced nutritional quality is important in agriculture. Here, the authors identify alleles of a gene in tomatoes that give rise to increased levels of vitamin E and find that the promoter of the gene is differentially methylated.

Convergent mutations in hot spots of the spike proteins of currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants increase the binding affinity for the host receptor and promote more efficient fusion with host cell membranes.

Analyses of biobank data show that human variation such as age, sex and genetics, particularly at the major histocompatibility complex locus, is associated with viral abundance and supports a causal link between abundance of Epstein–Barr virus and Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

The authors have applied an eight-tissue rat multi-omic dataset to analyze the gene regulatory landscape of endurance exercise training, identifying tissue-specific regulatory patterns involved in muscle function, metabolism and immune response.

Androgen activity in the male embryonic hindbrain prolongs hindbrain differentiation in male individuals and drives sex differences in the incidence and prognosis of posterior fossa type A (PFA) ependymoma, an aggressive childhood brain tumour.

Most patients with B-cell leukemia respond to chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T) therapy, yet many relapse due to loss of CAR T function. Here, the authors show that the metabolism of CAR T from short- and long-term responders is different, which may explain why CAR T lose functionality.

Machine-learning analyses in UK Biobank show that lifetime exposures predict brain health, with cardiovascular and metabolic factors emerging as key drivers of brain ageing. It further highlights the importance of early prevention.

By integrating liquid biopsies and tissue signatures, this study characterizes giredestrant response in ER+ breast cancer. The findings show that multimodal biomarker profiling can predict clinical benefit and personalize endocrine therapy.

Traditional iterative catalysis in RiPP biosynthesis typically modifies linear peptides. Here the authors discover GNAT enzymes that iteratively modify fully folded lasso peptides and engineer them to create lipolasso peptides with expanded chemical diversity.

SWI/SNF complexes are mutated in 20% of cancers, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, the authors identify a compensatory mechanism of chromatin regulation that becomes essential in cancers carrying mutations that broadly inactivate SWI/SNF.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.