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A cortical premotor network in HVC, once initiated, can sustain and regulate the sequential production of zebra finch song syllables without major extrinsic inputs.

Rapid immune activation requires tight control of mRNA stability in CD8⁺ T cells. Here, the authors show that a compositive RNA motif – m⁶A sites positioned next to AU-rich elements - marks mRNAs for rapid decay during activation, revealing a coordinated mechanism that shapes T-cell immunity.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Thendral et al. describe a mitophagic programme that removes deleterious mtDNA during the oocyte-to-zygote transition in Caenorhabditis elegans, promoting mitochondrial health and offspring survival. Loss of this mitophagy leads to mutant mtDNA accumulation.

Non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19 also reduced circulation of endemic viruses which may have led to immune waning. Here, the authors use multiplex serology data from King County, Washington, US to characterise age-specific changes in antibody levels to a range of endemic viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The anterior cingulate cortex encodes affective pain behaviours modulated by opioids; targeting opioid-sensitive neurons through a new chemogenetic gene therapy replicates the analgesic effects of morphine, providing precise chronic pain relief without affecting sensory detection.

The discovery of a vast reservoir of primordial neutral hydrogen gas surrounding a young galaxy cluster just one billion years after the Big Bang offers new insight into how the first large cosmic structures assembled.

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine tumor with limited risk stratification. Here, the authors perform multi-omic analysis of MTC samples from 452 patients across 10 Chinese clinical centers, identify molecular subtypes and develop a prediction model.

Radiation reaction (RR) on particles in strong fields is the subject of intense experimental research, but previous efforts lacked statistical significance due to the extreme regimes required. Here, the authors report a 5σ observation of RR and obtain strong, quantitative evidence favouring quantum models over classical, using an all-optical setup where electrons are accelerated by a laser in a gas jet before colliding with a second, intense pulse.

Here authors show loss of AKAP11, a strong genetic risk factor for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, disrupts PKA proteostasis and signaling, leading to widespread transcriptomic alterations across the brain, particularly in striatal neurons, as well as altered behavior.

Li and colleagues describe a monocyte-specific transcriptional state along with a persistent elevation of inflammatory markers specifically found in individuals with long COVID who had mild-to-moderate disease during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The balance between radial progenitors and intermediate precursors to generate upper-layer neurons during the development and evolution of the cerebral cortex is mediated by members of the tuberous sclerosis complex.

Kim, Wang, Clow and colleagues show that long-range chromatin loops bringing distal enhancers or super-enhancers together with promoters are cohesin dependent and cell type specific, whereas most short-range and promoter-centric transcriptional loops are cohesin independent and constitutive.

Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (ecDNAs) are prevalent in human cancers and are thought to drive tumor evolution and drug resistance by amplifying oncogenes. Here, authors develop ec3D to reconstruct three-dimensional ecDNA structures, revealing how their spatial organization rewires regulatory circuits.

iGluSnFR4f and iGluSnFR4s are the latest generation of genetically encoded glutamate sensors. They are advantageous for detecting rapid dynamics and large population activity, respectively, as demonstrated in a variety of applications in the mouse brain.

Rare loss-of-function mutations in SETD1A are associated with schizophrenia, but how SETD1A haploinsufficiency leads to disease phenotypes remains unknown. Here, authors show that SETD1A regulates genes at common schizophrenia risk loci regulating genomic stability and synaptic function.

Murphy et al. reveal a unifying pathogenetic mechanism according to which diverse mutations in the muscle-specific ribosomal protein RPL3L cause severe neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy, establishing a framework for interpreting the growing spectrum of RPL3L variants.

Complex diseases often involve subtle subtypes, making their detection vital for personalized medicine. Here, the authors show that the PHet (Preserving Heterogeneity) method reliably uncovers disease-specific subtypes using small sets of features

Visual threat triggers contrasting freeze and escape defensive responses in two species of deer mice as a result of different activation thresholds downstream of the superior colliculus in the dorsal periaqueductal grey.

Basal ganglia output neurons fire dynamically in bidirectional and movement-specific patterns to license forelimb movements. 

The authors show that NAT10 is upregulated with T cell antigen receptor signaling and that T cell-specific NAT10 deficiency results in diminished numbers of naive T cells, translating to an inability to mount a significant antiviral T cell response.

How seizures emerge in epileptic brain remains an enigma. The authors show that the transition to seizure follows a ubiquitous dynamical principle inherent to many processes in nature characterized by repeated transitions between contrasting regimes.

The study introduces radio interferometric multiplexed spectroscopy (RIMS), a method designed to efficiently monitor the radio emissions of massive samples of stars. Applying it to LOFAR data, the authors identify stellar bursts, offering clues to possible star–planet magnetic interactions.

High-depth sequencing of non-cancerous tissue from patients with metastatic cancer reveals single-base mutational signatures of alcohol, smoking and cancer treatments, and reveals how exogenous factors, including cancer therapies, affect somatic cell evolution.

The plasma membrane can expand the blades of the PIEZO1 ion channel, impacting channel activation.

Reported detections of gases in exoplanet atmospheres, including claims of biosignatures on K2-18 b, disappear when broader models are tested, revealing that such detections often reflect modelling limits rather than real signals.

Watt, Dauber, Szkop and colleagues find that H3K4me3 remodels 5′UTR selection in hypoxia and that this process is independent of HIF-1 transcriptional mechanisms.

Zonal positioning in the liver determines whether the CTNNB1 oncogene can induce liver cancer.

H3K4 methylation is required for defining active chromatin states in Xenopus embryos, ensuring faithful zygotic genome activation and successful embryonic development.

popEVE is a proteome-wide deep generative model to identify and predict pathogenicity of missense mutations causing genetic disorders.

R-loops are DNA-RNA hybrids that can cause genome instability if not properly controlled. Here, the authors show that the RNA helicase Brr2 prevents harmful circRNA-associated R-loops, thereby safeguarding transcription and cell division.

Here, the authors show that peroxisome proliferation is a conserved response to proteotoxic stress that occurs through stimulation of biogenesis and mediated by TOR and HSR signaling. Importantly, peroxisomes enable survival to proteotoxic stress.

Patients with primary mitochondrial disease manifesting cardiomyopathy are twice as likely to die compared to those without cardiomyopathy. Here, the authors show that a modest increase in cardiac mitochondrial energetics via gene therapy can significantly improve cardiac function and is effective in treating mitochondrial cardiomyopathy.

The selective autophagy receptor p62/SQSTM1 is organized in a structured double helical filament in vitro, the cryo-electron tomographic images in ATG5 knockdown conditions reveal Ca-rich layers of p62 oligomers enwrapping lipid droplets in situ.

Npm1 promotes tumor formation via attenuating the integrated stress response and p53 activation in mouse WNT-driven intestinal and liver tumorigenesis.

Platelets are known to have functions beyond those in thrombosis and haemostasis. Here the authors use multi-colour flow cytometry and proteomics to analyse platelet phenotypes in psoriatic disease and proteins that are potentially involved in the interaction of platelets with immune cells.

Previous study showed Zishen Yutai Pill improved pregnancy outcomes in in vitro fertilization. This study showed that Zishen Yutai Pill increased live birth rates in women aged 35–42 undergoing IVF.

How myelin plays a role in long-range processing of disparate inputs remains elusive. Here, the authors show that myelin loss within the neocortex reduces the reliability to propagate cortical bursts across axons, causing an impaired temporal sharpening to compute sensory and cortical signals within the thalamus.

The whisking oscillator—consisting of parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons located in the vibrissa intermediate reticular nucleus—in mice is an all-inhibitory network and recurrent synaptic inhibition has a key role in its rhythmogenesis.

In response to visual stimuli, hippocampal neurons in a body-fixed rat can respond to and encode visual information without locomotion or task demand, similar to the visual cortex.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Munn et al. provide evidence that medial entorhinal speed signals scale to reflect the geometry of the environment, whereas entorhinal head direction signals reflect learned information about the geometric symmetry of the environment.

CD4⁺ T cells secreting interleukin-17 (T_H17) have diverse functions in modulating autoimmune diseases. Here the authors show via transcriptome analyses that a subset of human T_H 17 co-expressing interferon-γ (T_H1/17) has a molecular signature similar to “pathogenic” mouse T_H 17 but distinct from “non-pathogenic” mouse T_H 17.

Neurovascular interaction is critical for normal brain vascular development. Here, the authors show that neuronal NMDARs regulate brain vascular development via VEGF-induced global Ca2+ activities of endothelial tip cells.

A cross-reactive antibody and T cell response is identified in a large portion of patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.

Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is often dysregulated in cancer, but its mechanisms remain unclear. This study reveals that MST4- mediated LAMP2A phosphorylation regulates CMA by stabilizing lysosomal LAMP2A, thereby promoting GBM tumorigenicity and immune evasion.

Cytosolic CHMP5 is known for its primary function in membrane remodelling. Here the authors report that nuclear CHMP5 promotes T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia initiation and maintenance in part through regulating epigenetic and transcriptional events.

The tissue-specific accumulation patterns of pathogenic mtDNA mutations during aging remain incompletely understood. In this study, the researchers developed three mouse models with distinct mitochondrial tRNA mutations, revealing age-dependent accumulation of these mutations in the kidneys, leading to mitochondrial kidney disease.

This paper shows that memory engrams are dynamic: neurons drop in and out as engrams become selective during memory consolidation. Inhibition and inhibitory plasticity are crucial for the expression and emergence of memory selectivity, respectively.