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Intrauterine adhesions (IUA) are a leading cause of female infertility. Here, authors engineer a Tβ4-releasing ECM hydrogel that mimics decidualization to promote endometrial regeneration as a therapeutic strategy for treatment of IUA.

SARS-CoV-2 variants often exhibit immune evasion, necessitating antiviral strategies beyond vaccination. This study presents a papain-like protease (PLpro) inhibitor called YL1004, which exhibits potent, broad-spectrum antiviral activity against wild-type, Delta, and Omicron variants in vitro and in vivo.

This study elucidates a mechanism in amyloid aggregates mediated by scarce β-strands that bridge adjacent β-sheets. This cross-β-strand linker shapes molecular packing and structural diversity, enabling aggregates to balance order and disorder.

Engineered bacteria sense gut bleeding and secrete repair materials.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

GALRs, receptors for the neuropeptide galanin, have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel disease. Here the authors report that GAL53, a long galanin peptide derived from non-mammalian vertebrates, alleviates induced colitis in preclinical models by engaging GALR2 and activating the β-arrestin2-biased signalling pathway.

An annotation-free vision–language model based on contrastive learning performs pathology localization and clinical diagnosis on a wide variety of medical image datasets.

A computational workflow, LyMOI, uses LLM, knowledge graphs and other tools to facilitate ’omic analysis and hypothesis generation related to autophagy.

Limited therapeutic options are available for pulmonary fibrosis because its molecular pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, the authors show that the CCL20– integrin α5β1–TGF β signaling cascade could be a potential therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis.

Materials that combine high mechanical strength with stable and reversible switching states are highly desirable for advanced technology applications. Here, the authors reported hydrogen-bond nanoconfined self-destructive polymers that have reversible solid-fluid switching capability at 25 °C and maintain good mechanical properties.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

The underlying strategies to tackle A-site inhomogeneity of Rb-alloyed wide bandgap perovskites remain under investigation. Here, authors incorporate a melamine additive as a phase uniformity regulator, achieving stabilized efficiency of 33.5% for two-terminal perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells.

The role of lysine crotonylation (Kcr) in MASLD pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, the authors identify a PCAF/SIRT7-IDH1 Kcr axis that ameliorates hepatic steatosis by boosting TCA cycle activity, uncovering a new mechanism and therapeutic target for MASLD.

Yang et al. use cryo-ET and resolve a unique native architecture of microtubule singlet-to-doublet transition in the basal body of Plasmodium. They reveal the key role of δTubulin and ε-Tubulin in this transition during Plasmodium male gametogenesis.

Birds uniquely exhibit high expression of constitutively active GCGR in white adipose tissue (WAT) enhancing lipid metabolism, WAT browning, and weight loss in mice. A naturally occurring human GCGRH339R mutation mimics this avian-like metabolism, suggesting therapeutic potential for obesity

Lampreys are jawless vertebrates that can offer unique insights into vertebrate evolution. Here they generate a comprehensive cell atlas of the lamprey, uncovering 70 distinct cell types across 14 tissues, and identify pancreas-like cells in the lamprey small intestine.

This global study shows that short-term exposure to landscape fire sourced PM_2.5 increases hospital admissions for multiple diseases in children, especially those aged 5-9 years and in low-SES areas, highlighting the need for targeted protection.

Real-time tracking of levodopa dynamics is key for precise Parkinson’s therapy. Here, the authors develop a continuous monitoring system with a nano MIP-functionalized carbon nanotube fiber sensor that achieves in vivo pharmacokinetic profiling and guides dosing regimen optimization.

Wildfires are becoming increasingly frequent in several regions around the world due to climate change, posing serious health risks, especially for respiratory diseases. This study examines the respiratory health risk and burden of wildfire-specific PM_2.5 pollution across eight countries and territories.

A plug-and-play system fine-tunes multiple targets simultaneously for secondary metabolite production in Streptomyces.

Yang et al. uncover the molecular details of how mitochondrial proteins cross the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes, with hydrophobicity guiding them into distinct pathways toward specific destinations.

A super-pangenome analysis incorporating 123 newly sequenced bryophyte genomes reveals that bryophytes exhibit a larger number of unique and lineage-specific gene families than vascular plants.

The potential of mammogram-based biological age predictors remains to be fully explored. Here this group introduces a deep learning model to estimate the biological age of the breast using healthy mammograms.

In large prospectively enrolled validation cohorts of patients with cancer and controls and a prospective study of asymptomatic individuals with average risk for cancer, a multicancer early detection test based on plasma cell-free DNA genomics and fragmentomics showed encouraging accuracy in identifying ongoing disease as well as the tissue of origin.

Honeybee behavioral plasticity provides a model to study how brain gene networks regulate behavior. Here, authors show stripe activation in Kenyon cells links gene regulatory networks to behavioral maturation via spatial-cellular coordination.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis produces linoleic acid, which is released from macrophages during infection and upregulates regulatory T cell activity, to suppress macrophage control of intracellular bacteria in mice.

Embedding is a key step in single-cell Hi-C analysis to identify cell states. Here, the authors benchmark 13 embedding methods in 10 scHi-C datasets. They find that data representation, preprocessing options, and biological settings are often more important considerations than the actual methods.

The authors synthesize intrinsic room-temperature ferroelectric CuVP₂S₆ via spatially confined chemical vapor deposition method, uncovering the ferroelectric mechanism, which originates from the movement of Cu ions.

This work investigates crystallinity-dependent structural evolution mechanisms of CoS2 during the oxygen evolution reaction, showing that CoS2 with lower crystallinity enhances the transformation of the bulk phase into sulfur-stabilized oxyhydroxide, improving performance.

Tandem electro-biocatalytic systems present a versatile platform for producing a variety of synthetic products using CO₂ as a starting material. Here direct ocean carbon capture is incorporated into an electrolysis scheme to produce formic acid from CO₂ dissolved in seawater that is subsequently converted to succinate in a bioreactor.

The common form of salt has a 1:1 ratio of Na⁺ and Cl⁻; however, species that deviate from this can be found under extreme conditions, such as high pressure. Now, as a result of cation–π interactions that promote ion–surface adsorption, Na₂Cl and Na₃Cl have been observed as two-dimensional crystals on graphene at ambient conditions.

The study assembled a chromosome-level genome of Cycas panzhihuaensis, the last major lineage of seed plants for which a high-quality genome assembly was lacking. The study closes an important gap in our understanding of genome structure and evolution in seed plants.

This study identifies four distinct polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) subtypes using unsupervised clustering analysis on data from 11,908 women and validated across five diverse cohorts. The subtypes show unique clinical features and suggest that subtype-specific management could enhance treatment precision for PCOS.

Stem cell therapies face immune rejection risks with allogeneic ESCs. Here, the authors establish genetically matched autologous ESCs in monkeys via embryo splitting, showing potentially superior genomic stability over iPSCs and ntESCs.

Geospatial estimates of the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age across 82 low-income and middle-income countries reveals considerable heterogeneity and inequality at national and subnational levels, with few countries on track to meet the WHO Global Nutrition Targets by 2030.

The generation of α-carbon radicals from alkoxyl radicals is challenging because 1,2-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) is usually less favoured than 1,5-HAT. Here, the authors report a strategy to inhibit 1,5-HAT by introducing a silyl group into the α-position of alkoxyl radicals, enabling preparation of α-alkoxylimino alcohols and α-heteroaryl alcohols.

Hydrogen adsorption/desorption behavior plays a key role in hydrogen evolution reaction catalysis. Here, the authors demonstrate the rational balancing of hydrogen adsorption/desorption by orbital modulation for significantly enhanced hydrogen evolution performance.

Solar-driven biomanufacturing using semiconductor biohybrids has the potential to achieve sustainable chemical production, but it is challenging to scale up. Here, the authors present a strategy to achieve scalable solar-driven waste-to-chemical conversion using wastewater-derived biohybrids.

It is still a great challenge to synthesize value-added products with two or more carbons directly from CO₂. Now, a bifunctional catalyst composed of reducible metal oxides (In₂O₃) and zeolites (HZSM-5) is prepared and yields high selectivity to gasoline-range hydrocarbons (78.6%) with a high octane number directly from CO₂ hydrogenation.

In the CRHCP-3 cluster-randomized trial, blood pressure reduction lowered the risk of all-cause dementia by 15% in 33,995 individuals with hypertension.