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Vast areas of natural forest remain within Southeast Asian concessions. Their conservation could yield significant biodiversity and climate benefits, but depends on high and variable carbon price thresholds and supporting policy and finance mechanisms.

Epidemiologic, genetic and immunophenotypic evidence suggests that oligoarticular and polyarticular subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis are distinct etiopathologic conditions with some overlapping pathogenic pathways. As discussed in this Review, further research is needed before we can generate a full molecular picture of these chronic childhood arthropathies.

Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate gene expression, but predicting RBP–RNA interactions across species is challenging. Here, the authors introduce MuSIC, a deep learning framework leveraging label smoothing and evolutionary conservation across 11 species to predict cross-species RBP–RNA interactions.

Transcriptomics and proteomics are transforming our understanding of juvenile idiopathic arthritis by revealing molecular signatures associated with the various clinical classifications. The challenge now is to find biomarkers that will predict disease course and response to medication in order to improve outcomes for children with arthritis.

Rapid methods to identify antigen-specific T cells are essential for developing targeted immunotherapies. Here the authors present a high-throughput MHC class II single-chain trimer platform for the comprehensive profiling of CD4⁺ T cells, enabling the rapid identification and characterization of virus- and tumour-specific T cell receptors (TCR) at single-cell resolution.

If the use of the right treatment at the right time might 'cure' juvenile idiopathic arthritis, how do we determine the optimum timing of biologic therapy? The use of standardized consensus treatment plans in comparative effectiveness trials and of early testing for responsiveness to biologic treatment could lead the way.

Genome-wide analyses identify genetic loci and plasma proteins associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study highlights the hormonal and metabolic foundations of the disease and explores the impact of polygenic risk for PCOS in both sexes.

Autoimmune diseases are genetically complex disorders that affect up to 10% of the Western population. Here Li et al. quantify the heritability of a range of autoimmune diseases in the largest paediatric cohort examined to date, illustrating that genetic and non-genetic components variably contribute to the susceptibility of each disease.

The study presents CLUES, an open-source workflow that automates linking global environmental data with geolocated biomedical data, enabling scalable research while supporting FAIR data practices and privacy-aware integration.

A meta-analysis across ten pediatric autoimmune diseases reveals shared genetic architecture and novel susceptibility loci.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

Argon-42 is a background in experiments that search for dark matter or neutrinoless double-beta decay. Now, the isotope’s abundance is measured by combining a laser-based atom trapping technique with isotope pre-enrichment.

Spin excitations are implicated in the emergence of high-temperature superconductivity in the cuprates but the details are unclear. Calculations performed by Jia et al.resolve a seeming contradiction presented by recent X-ray measurements and suggest that the role played by high-energy spin excitations is nominal for pairing.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

In this Review, Nigrovic and colleagues examine potential mechanisms underlying the paradoxical continuation of inflammation in arthritis, despite the increased numbers of regulatory T cells in inflamed joints, and discuss the implications for regulatory T cell-targeted therapeutic interventions in inflammatory arthritis.

Inborn errors of metabolism are a diverse group of disorders that can mimic rheumatological disease, often presenting with progressive joint and systemic involvement. This Review serves as a primer for rheumatologists, covering clinical aspects and potential mechanisms by which these metabolic alterations cause immune dysregulation.

A high-resolution multiproxy record from Scandinavia refines the timing of the middle Cambrian, a critical interval in the history of animal life, and shows how Milankovitch-driven climate cycles governed high-latitude sedimentation in deep time.

The CCTG PA.7 randomized phase II trial compared chemotherapy with and without dual immune checkpoint inhibition in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Here, the authors report long-term survival and exploratory analysis of the CCTG PA.7 trial, identifying a pattern of mutations linked to improved immunotherapy response.

Off-the-shelf, on-demand allogeneic CAR-T cells could represent a therapeutic alternative to autologous products for cancer therapy. Here the authors report the preclinical characterization of off-the-shelf CRISPR-Cas9– edited IL-13Rα2-specific allogeneic universal CAR-T cells and the results of a first-in-human phase I trial in patients with high-grade glioma.

Dynamic S–S bonds have been leveraged in a variety of applications. Now trisulfides have been found to undergo rapid and spontaneous S–S metathesis in polar aprotic solvents. A mechanistic investigation of this unusual reaction enabled applications in natural product modification, dynamic combinatorial library synthesis and chemically recyclable polymers.

Artificial intelligence (AI) could help improve risk predictions in acute leukaemia and reduce systemic health disparities in the diagnostic process. Here, the authors assemble a diverse, international cohort of 6,206 patients with acute leukaemias and deploy an AI tool to support diagnosis based on standard laboratory results, with refinements for both adult and peadiatric leukaemias.

In this article, the authors characterise genetic variation in CARTaGENE, a population-based cohort from Quebec, Canada. This genomic resource enables population and disease genetic studies in a founder population and other under-represented groups.

High-dimensional immune profiling of a living recipient of a pig-to-human xenotransplant provides insight into the immune landscape of xenotransplantation and directions for improved immunosuppression strategies.

Li et al. report a spatially decoupled heavy atom antenna strategy by integrating alkyl bromides into a hybridized local and charge-transfer scaffold, originated from benzothiadiazole acceptors, to create an organic scintillator with a short radiative lifetime of 3.42 ns and spatial resolution around 50 lp mm^-1.

Specificity in ubiquitin (Ub) and Ub-like protein signaling is essential. Here, the authors use cryo-EM to show how UBA6 selectively engages its cognate E2 for dual Ub and FAT10 transfer, revealing a role for an InsP₆-binding site and illuminating molecular rules governing pathway specificity.

Using plasma proteome profiles from over 53,000 UK Biobank participants, Zhang et al. examined proteins associated with suicidal behavior and investigated pathways that could explain the association

ECM1, a key mediator of extracellular matrix–mitochondrial crosstalk, modulates mitochondrial function through a mechano-metabolic pathway to mediate kidney fibrosis.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

A multimodal analysis of patients with 22 different immune-mediated monogenic diseases versus matched healthy controls leads to the development of the immune health metric, which could be implemented broadly to predict responses to aging, vaccination and other immune perturbations.

In this Review the authors cover the latest efforts to integrate sources and detectors of continuous-variable quantum light states into chip-scale photonic integrated circuits.

The ALICE Collaboration provides details on the microscopic mechanism that ends up creating antideuteron in high-energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

The contribution of ether lipid species in cancer cell fate has not been fully understood yet. Here the authors show that malignant cancer cells employ ether lipids to modulate membrane biophysical properties, enhancing iron endocytosis and ferroptosis susceptibility.

A label-free, DNA-based proximity ligation assay that uses ligatable staple pairs enables the longitudinal quantification of DNA origami structural stability dynamics in vivo, with single-helix resolution for both wireframe and lattice designs.

In this Review, the authors summarize the latest findings on changes in effector T-cell homeostasis in autoimmune disease and discuss how mechanisms that normally regulate these cells are affected in the inflamed joints of patients with arthritis. The clinical implications of these findings are also described.

Besides their well-known role in cell death mechanisms, CD8⁺ T cells are now emerging as critical mediators of autoimmune diseases. CD8⁺T-cell homeostatic changes under inflammatory conditions, such as phenotypic variation and impaired regulation, provide insights into the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis and potential therapeutic targets.

The gut microbiome-kidney crosstalk has been previously linked with metabolic and kidney diseases. Here, the authors show that microbial amino acid metabolism interacts with host kidney function to influence cardiorenal physiology in the early stages, with potential implications for long-term risk of cardiovascular disease in human populations.

Thermal imaging lenses are typically made from expensive materials such as germanium and silicon. Here, the authors synthesise a sulfur-based polymer with high mid-wave infrared and long-wave infrared transparencies, presenting a high-performing, low-cost alternative to traditional thermal imaging lens materials.

Transition of superfluid to insulator is observed in the layer-imbalanced regime of bilayer magnetoexcitons.

Parity induces an accumulation of CD8⁺ T cells, including cells with a tissue-resident-memory-like phenotype within human normal breast tissue, offering long-term protection against triple-negative breast cancer.

Ferrimagnets possess multiple spin sub-lattices resulting in a complex magnon band structure and subtle spin transport across interfaces. Here, the authors show how the spin Seebeck effect, the thermal generation of pure spin current, may be an effective tool to study these magnetic excitations.

T cell receptors co-recognizing both MHC and antigenic peptide for a tri-party specific interaction has been a central dogma of T cell-mediated responses. Here the authors use X-ray crystallography to identify a TCR that contacts only the MHC beta chain of HLA-DQ2, with this specificity potentially enforced by Leucine-55 of HLA-DQ2.5 to exclude interaction with other MHCs.

Here, the authors perform large trans-ancestry fine-mapping analyses identifying large numbers of association signals and putative target genes for colorectal cancer risk, advancing our understanding of the genetic and biological basis of this cancer.