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This study delineates lifespan changes in the sensorimotor-association gradient using multimodal neuroimaging data from 33,247 participants, revealing a pattern aligned with evolutionary, structural, and cognitive hierarchies within a unified neurodevelopmental framework.

The COMPASSION16 trial showed survival benefits of cadonilimab plus standard therapy in advanced cervical cancer. Here, subgroup analysis confirms consistent progression-free and overall survival improvements across diverse patient profiles.

Neutrophils are known to be important in COPD pathogenesis and calcium signaling is involved in this process. Here the authors examine the function of Na⁺Ca²⁺ exchanger 1 (NCX1) in neutrophil function in mouse models of chronic cigarette smoke exposure and show that inhibition of NCX1 reduces neutrophil accumulation in the lungs and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).

Higher frequency of permafrost type change is shown to exhibit higher vegetation conversion rates, with these areas characterized by grassland decline and expansion of broad-leaved forest and shrubland.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

You, Hu et al. discover a population of COTL1^high NK cells regulated by GITRL⁺ macrophages and demonstrate their functional importance in mediating anti-tumour immunity in cancer with impaired tumour-specific MHC-I expression.

A rationally designed 15-member bacterial community engrafts and promotes T cell responses and anti-PD-1 therapy across heterogeneous baseline microbiotas to promote cancer control in mice.

A distinct lipid-laden subset of monocyte-derived macrophages regulates hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration in injured livers, via CD36-mediated signalling.

By analysing genome-wide cfDNA fragmentation, a prospective case-control study develops a machine learning model that sensitively detects early breast cancer, classifies tumour subtypes, and assesses lymph node involvement from a single blood draw

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) contribute to tissue repair and regeneration by activating pro-repair macrophages. However, the precise signaling governing this crosstalk upon injury is elusive. Here, using a mouse model of endovascular injury and single-cell RNA sequencing, the authors identify an IL-33–ST2–OPN axis that orchestrates the functional interaction between MSCs and reparative ST2+ macrophages, stimulating vascular smooth muscle cell and vascular repair.

Materials science has long been shaped by the interplay between homogeneous and heterogeneous designs. Homogeneous battery materials offer predictability but face inherent trade-offs. Therefore, emerging research has begun to explore chemical heterogeneity to overcome these challenges and enhance the electrochemical properties of batteries.

Small, low-income households and those from the Loess Plateau suffer disproportionate energy burdens, and energy poverty and inequality vary by energy type, region, ethnicity, and income level, according to an analysis that uses household survey data.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

Persistent synthesis challenges constrain the stabilization of single-atom lanthanide catalysts across many substrates. Using a method based on molten-nitrite chemistry, the atomic dispersion of lanthanide atoms on diverse substrates is achieved and exemplified by Dy₁/Pt for acidic hydrogen evolution.

Xia et al. report that tumor cell-expressed paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor alpha (PILRα) interacts with the T cell surface protein CD99 to suppress T cell activity, proposing PILRα targeting to enhance antitumor immune responses.

Inspired by the regenerative capacity of deer antlers, Hao and colleagues report that antler blastema progenitor cell-derived extracellular vesicle treatment counteracts bone loss and epigenetic aging and is neuroprotective in mice and macaques.

Human Glucose-6- phosphate Transporter (G6PT1) is critical for systemic glucose homeostasis. By integrating multiple cryo-EM structures with functional validation, the study elucidates the molecular mechanism of G6PT1 and its dysregulation in glycogen storage disease.

The study demonstrated that some exogenous natural polysaccharides could be absorbed in plasma with little degradation after orally administration. Polysaccharide uptake in the intestinal cells relied on clathrin/dynamin 1/Rab5-dependent endocytosis.

This study presents MAOSS, a multimodal AI model that repurposes non-contrast CT scans and leverages clinical features to detect and stage liver steatosis and fibrosis. Here the authors show MAOSS accurately stratifies cirrhosis progression risk when embedded into the standard clinical workflow, enabling scalable, opportunistic screening for early intervention of steatotic liver disease.

Artificial intelligence-based detection of gastric cancer at different stages from noncontrast computed tomography is suggested to be feasible in a retrospective analysis of large and diverse cohorts, including real-world populations in opportunistic and targeted screening scenarios.

Phase transitions in Na layered transition metal oxide materials involving slab gliding and considerable lattice parameter changes limit the battery cycling life, especially at high voltages. Here, authors pre-engineer 15.8% O-type stacking faults to a P-type Na0.7Mn0.8Ni0.2O2, improving stability and enabling an electrode specific energy of 635 Wh kg-1 with 600-cycle life.

Incompatibility between organic electrodes and inorganic solid electrolytes limits the performance of solid-state organic batteries. Here, the authors introduce indigo natural dye as a redox-active material and molecular catalyst, enabling high capacity and long cycle life via synergistic redox reactions with sulfide electrolytes.

Simultaneously capturing polarization and frequency is challenging. This work develops a metasurface-based intelligent photodetector, which can detect arbitrary polarization and frequency within 0.3-1.1 THz with a total error smaller than 5.1%.

The authors conducted a genome-wide association study of bipolar disorder (BD) in Han Chinese and integrated PGC4 East Asian and European datasets, discovering 23 novel loci, prioritizing 39 credible risk genes and implicating BD-related cell types and druggable targets.

Traditional lithographic techniques could damage organic semiconductor crystals due to high-energy beams or solvents. Here, authors employ a chemical-free nanoimprint crystallography method for fabrication of independent complex 2D patterns that exhibit good lasing performance and reproducibility.

The complexity of carbohydrate structures makes their synthesis challenging. Now, an automated glycan synthesizer is reported which is capable of preparing a library of bioactive oligosaccharides, including a fully protected fondaparinux pentasaccharide. Furthermore, the synthesizer can rapidly assemble arabinans up to 1,080-mer size, starting from monosaccharide building blocks.

Administrative-driven hierarchical management (ADHM) encourages general practitioners to act as voluntary gatekeepers in China’s non-mandatory medical system. Here the authors show that ADHM lowers cardiovascular events, mortality, and healthcare costs in atrial fibrillation patients compared with usual care.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signalling can suppress anti-tumour immunity. Here the authors show that GR activates PD-L1 expression and represses MHC-I expression in pancreatic cancer cells, while GR inhibition enhances anti-tumour immunity and sensitises the cancer cells to immunotherapy.

Layered black phosphorous has gained significant attention in the 2D materials community, and dynamical control of its bandgap is key to enable novel applications. Here, the authors demonstrate continuous electrical bandgap tuning using moderate displacement fields.

A single umbilical cord blood unit of CD34⁺ HSPCs produces a high number of CD19 CAR-iNK cells using a modified cell culture method.