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In situ cryo-electron microscopy structures show the spatial arrangement of flagellin proteins and provide insight into mechanisms of assembly and rotation of the sheathed flagellum in Vibrio cholerae.

Human stem cell–derived β cells accumulate high basal PEP, which disrupts glucose-stimulated insulin release. Restoring PKM1 lowers basal PEP and improves glucose responses, advancing the maturation of stem cell–derived islets for diabetes therapy.

The sluggish hydrogen oxidation reaction hinders the development of anion exchange membrane fuel cells. Here, the authors develop high-curvature RuIr CNCs that induce an O-down water orientation, thereby strengthening hydrogen-bond networks and reducing proton transfer barriers.

This study leverages plasma proteomics from over 50,000 individuals to build organ-specific aging models and uncover underlying genetic mechanisms. It also investigates causal links between organ aging, diseases, and lifestyle, providing insights for promoting healthy longevity.

A strategy based on the design of a composite coating that enables slip-enhanced close-contact melting inside sealed phase-change thermal batteries to improve charging rates enables high-performance thermal energy storage over a wide range of temperatures.

With rich, multi-layered baseline data and long-term follow-up through linkage, the HELIOS Study provides a resource to investigate the behavioural, environmental, genomic, and molecular factors impacting health in Asian populations.

A band-hybridized selenium contact is developed for nanoscale p-type field-effect transistors (WSe₂, black phosphorus and carbon nanotubes), achieving a low contact resistance through a scalable fabrication process.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Germano-silicate used as a building material for integrated photonics circuits substantially reduces optical losses, approaching levels comparable to those in optical fibres.

This work demonstrates superadiabatic topological pumping on photonic chips, achieving a 20-fold device miniaturization and high-efficiency operation across a 650–920 nm bandwidth, paving the way for ultracompact integrated photonic transports.

Quantum Monte Carlo is among the most accurate methods for quantum many-body systems but has been hindered by the difficulty of computing arbitrary off-diagonal observables. Wang et al. introduce a universal scheme based on bipartite reweight annealing for direct and reliable evaluation of general observables.

Influenza virus ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) are essential for replication and transcription. Here, authors solve the cryo-EM structure of influenza mini-vRNP to reveal detailed FluPol–NP–RNA coupling and suggest a conformational shift in RNPs during the viral life cycle.

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an important model organism, but its reference genome retains unresolved gaps. Here, the authors report a near-complete telomere-to-telomere genome of the D. melanogaster S strain closing many remaining gaps.

RABV upregulates FBXL18, which stabilizes BST2 via K11-linked ubiquitination at Lys109/110, thereby activating NF-κB. FBXL18 knockdown effectively suppresses inflammation and virulence, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for rabies.

Lung CT imaging and artificial intelligence are increasingly integral to modern patient care. Here, the authors show LCTfound, a vision foundation model, which employs diffusion-based pretraining to enable a wide range of downstream applications.

Zirconium oxide—an industry-compatible high-dielectric-constant oxide—can form a clean interface with two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide, allowing field-effect transistors to be created that offer small threshold voltages, low subthreshold swings and high ON-state currents.

The tolerogenic activity of type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) is determined by EPOR, which is preferentially expressed in cDC1s and induces antigen-specific FOXP3-expressing regulatory T cells.

Electrical doping and charge transfer in 2D antiferromagnet CrSBr reversibly switch its magnetic state, enabling gate-tunable spin valves and ultralow-power spin control without ferromagnetic contacts, advancing fully electrical 2D spintronics.

PCBP2 is elevated in AD and forms condensates that sequester mitochondrial proteins and RBPs, disrupting mitochondrial function and the NMD of BACE1 mRNA, alongside amyloid deposition. The small molecule, CN-0928 mitigates AD pathology by inhibiting PCBP2 condensation.

Heatwaves pose a growing threat to cities, and vegetation is often touted as a mitigation option. This study finds that while lawns provide a burst of intense cooling, trees access deeper water and provide moderate but more prolonged relief.

This study discovers that tRNA directly binds and regulates the membrane protein FKS1, a β-1,3-glucan synthase essential for fungal cell wall formation. Cryo-EM and biochemical analyses show how tRNA and GSR1 control FKS1 activity and fungal growth.

Recent research has indicated that cancer patients infected with respiratory viruses exhibit a positive antitumor response. This group develops a bioorthogonal optimized nonpathogenic-recombinant virus for targeted therapy of solid tumors.

Zhao et al. demonstrate that AtMCM10 repairs DNA double-strand breaks by forming liquid-like condensates at damage sites, where it directly anneals single–stranded DNA to promote synthesis–dependent strand annealing–mediated homologous recombination.

Porous polydimethylsiloxane elastomers produced by phase separation methods often suffer from limited tribological and mechanical properties. Here, the authors describe the synthesis of porous elastomers with borate driven heterogeneous networks, improving tribological properties, with controllable pore structure and mechanical performance.

Zero-field mobility has been an unreliable indicator to predict thick-film organic solar cell performance. Here, authors reveal that critical length is a decisive factor governing thick-film device performance and achieve maximum efficiency of 19.0% in 300-nm thick-film D18:L8-BO:BTP-eC9 devices.

A multimodal pretrained transformer uses 154,274 pairs of chest CT scans and their corresponding reports and is applied to diverse clinical tasks with multimodal data.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

CABLE harnesses cytoarchitectural information such as cell or nuclear shape to infer fiber tracts in the brain of, for example, marmosets, macaques or humans.

Combined use of multiple siRNAs promises a new path for drug development. Here, the authors demonstrate a multiplexed combinatorial screening of thousands of siRNA formulations through highthroughput single-cell gene silencing, discovering the most effective anti-cancer siRNA cocktail therapeutics.

In this work, a scenario-adaptive hierarchical optimisation framework is developed for the design of hybrid energy storage systems for industrial parks. It improves renewable use, cuts energy costs and carbon emissions, and offers a scalable pathway for the low-carbon energy transition of these parks.

Resistance to KRAS-targeted therapies is a challenge, especially with co-mutations like KEAP1. Here, the authors show that increasing polyamine metabolism enhances KRAS-targeted therapy efficacy but requires also increasing the polyamine-metabolism SAT1 enzyme in KEAP1-mutant context.

The relationship between innate immunity and cellular senescence is unclear. Here the authors show that NRF1 promotes inflammatory signaling and suggest that NRF1 inhibition may improve age-related health outcomes.

Here, in a study of over 6,000 women across China, the authors show that Mycoplasma hominis infection strongly influences vaginal microbiota and is linked to higher risk of cervical lesions, highlighting its importance in women’s reproductive health.

Vascular calcification, a key risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, involves smooth muscle cells shifting to osteogenic phenotype. Here, the authors show that NEXN inhibits this process and protects against calcification by stabilizing SERCA2.

The mixed effects of personal, social, and environmental exposures on cardiometabolic health are still poorly understood. Here, the authors show that social deprivation within specific co-exposure patterns poses the greatest risk, with immune and inflammatory responses as key mediators.

Skeletal muscle is central to whole-body energy balance. Here, Yang et al. show that MLL4-dependent enhancer activation is a key regulatory node for the governance of muscle metabolic efficiency and systemic metabolism via the control of muscle AMPK.

Siltartoxatug, a first-in-class recombinant monoclonal antibody for tetanus prophylaxis, was shown to be safe and superior to plasma-derived human tetanus immunoglobulin in achieving anti-tetanus neutralizing antibody titers 12 hours after administration.