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In this work, authors show that HTLV-1 subverts the typical antiviral role of the innate immune effector protein IRF7; instead of triggering an IFN-I response, the virus uses IRF7 to promote the growth of infected cells by establishing an oncogenic IRF7-STAT5B axis via HBZ protein.

Thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection is a devastating disease with limited treatment options. Here, the authors show that CAR-engineered stem/progenitor cells can target injured aortic endothelium, restore its function, and halt disease progression, offering a new therapeutic strategy

The authors report a kinetic resolution of racemic amino acids with L-pyroglutaminol as an esterification reagent, via a phosphine oxide organocatalytic system, which provides a wide range of chiral esters and recovered amino acids with excellent stereoselectivities.

Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

This study delineates lifespan changes in the sensorimotor-association gradient using multimodal neuroimaging data from 33,247 participants, revealing a pattern aligned with evolutionary, structural, and cognitive hierarchies within a unified neurodevelopmental framework.

Molecular devices offer the potential for the scalability and energy efficiency required to develop energy-sustainable AI. Zhang et al. report a single-molecule neuromorphic device that consumes 6.34 aJ per operation and support both short-term to long-term memory, featuring over 10 distinct conductance states.

Hypothalamic POMC neurons are critical for energy balance. Here, authors show that TOX3 in these neurons regulates metabolism by promoting PTEN degradation and AKT activation, enhancing thermogenesis to protect against obesity.

This study reveals that rice roots secrete heptadecanoic acid to recruit beneficial Bacillus for defence against blast fungus, a process regulated by a MAPK pathway.

An evaluation across 193 countries for the 2026 Global Action Plan update showed that countries with strong multisectoral governance and early surveillance adoption achieved long-term improvements in reducing antimicrobial resistance.

VSIG4 is a co-inhibitory receptor expressed by Kupffer cells. Here, the authors identify a direct binding interaction between VSIG4 and T cell CD5 that can calibrate CD8⁺ T cell responses to liver metastasis. They also design an anti-VSIG4 nanobody to enhance immune checkpoint blockade treatment of mice.

The use of benzene ring contraction in chemical synthesis is challenging due to the need to disrupt aromaticity and generate highly strained intermediates. Now, a photothermal ring contraction reaction for the synthesis of multisubstituted fused pyridines is reported, from arylhydrazines and carbonyl compounds, via benzene ring contraction.

Analysis of 3D chromatin organization, genomic and epigenomic variation across 11 Populus species shows how the integration of these genomic features underlies species divergence and local adaptation.

Farnesyl pyrophosphate—a mevalonate pathway metabolic intermediate—is an endogenous alarmin that enhances IgG antibody responses through keratinocyte-derived IL-6 and CCL20.

Protein interactions are crucial for biological functions, yet pinpointing specificity-determining sites remains challenging. Here, the authors integrate local energetic frustration analysis with deep learning-based sequence generation method ProteinMPNN to identify these sites using two-component signaling systems, revealing how mutations regulate specificity and offering a strategy with broad implications for understanding protein evolution and interaction specificity.

Genomic analyses of 2,191 global common wheat accessions and over 47,000 yellow rust (YR) response data points across several environments and pathogen races provide a genome-wide landscape of YR resistance genes and effective alleles.

Genomic data from snow carps reveal that the fusion of chromosomes initiates rediploidization following whole-genome duplication.

Biomass-derived hard carbon negative electrodes can cut cost, but properties vary by feedstock. Here, authors use data-driven intelligent carbonization to unify performance across diverse biomass, yielding high-capacity, long-life negative electrodes with lower footprints.

Single-cell analysis of goat horn buds reveals a day 7 developmental switch in which ZEB2+ progenitor mesenchymal cells initiate osteogenesis while keratinocytes drive sheath mineralization, defining coordinated dermal–epidermal programs of ruminant headgear formation.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

In this randomized phase 3 trial, patients with treatment-naive stage III–IV nonsmall cell lung cancer who received sintilimab or pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy early in the day (before 15:00 h) experienced longer progression-free survival compared with those receiving late time-of-day infusions.

It was previously shown that Zinc deficiently worsens alcoholic liver disease. This study identified muscle-derived MG53 is transported to liver and mitigates liver damage through alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase

IBI318 is a recombinant bispecific IgG1 antibody that targets PD-1 and PD-L1. Here the authors report the results of a phase II trial of IBI318 combined with the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer with acquired resistance to first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Altermagnets combine spin-split electronic bands with zero net magnetization, making them ideal for integration into spin-based information processing devices. Here Guo, Chen, Zeng, and coauthors demonstrate a magnetic memory making use of the altermagnetic spin splitting torque in a three terminal MRAM device.

Quantum light sources are promising for quantum circuits, yet facing an inherent trade-off between multifunction and brightness. By leveraging a strategy based on parity-time symmetry, we demonstrate an on-chip quantum light source with programmable lifetime, achieving a 20-fold tuning range of lifetime and balanced photon-pairs generation rate.

Endometriosis causes pelvic pain and infertility, but how uterine development and disease are linked is unclear. Here, the authors show that TCF21 shapes uterine development and drives endometriosis by promoting epithelial–mesenchymal transition and reorganization of the cell skeleton.

Frameworks of β-branched aromatic D-amino acids are crucial for the efficacy of pharmaceuticals, but the synthesis of such scaffolds remained undeveloped. Here, authors present the first asymmetric synthesis of β-branched aromatic D-amino acid analogues via the transaminase BsDAAT catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) process.

Zhang, Han, Tan, Lu, Ma et al. report that kynurenine derived from peritumoural adipose tissue is hijacked by cancer cells to mediate ferroptosis resistance, a process that could potentially be targeted with immunotherapy to inhibit tumour growth.

Oestrogen receptor activation generates DNA breaks at regulatory elements that control gene expression. This study shows that APOBEC3B is required for these breaks, by deaminating cytosines within R-loops at oestrogen receptor-regulated enhancers.

Many deep learning approaches for fluorescence image restoration are task-specific and lack generalisability. Here, the authors present FluoResFM, a foundation model for multi-task and cross-distribution fluorescence microscopy image restoration. This model achieves superior restoration performance across diverse tasks, objects and imaging conditions.

Yang et al. compare neoadjuvant triple therapy versus direct hepatectomy in patients with resectable intermediate or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The findings indicate that the neoadjuvant regimen improves overall and event-free survival but is associated with a higher risk of serious adverse events and postoperative complications.

Predicting the function of enzymes remains difficult and current computational methods require improvement. Now EnzymeCAGE, a geometric deep learning model, has been developed to more accurately predict the functions of uncharacterized enzymes and reconstruct biosynthetic pathways.

The molecular mechanisms underlying thrombosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which contribute to poor clinical outcomes, remain to be explored. Here, the authors show that hexokinase 2 (HK2)-mediated glycolysis leads to lactate-driven histone lactylation, inducing thrombosis in AML.