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In the phase 1/2 CASTLE basket trial, autologous CD19 CAR-T cell therapy in patients with treatment-refractory systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis or idiopathic inflammatory myopathy was safe, with improved disease activity and patient-reported global health in most patients.

Ribosomes convert chemical energy to mechanical work. Here, the authors monitor ribosome binding to the GTPase EF-G and the ensuing mechanical work on mRNA in real time, uncovering a major energetic contribution from EF-G binding, rather than GTP hydrolysis, to the mechanical work.

Here, the authors effect a B(sp²)-to-B(sp³) transformation strategy for the enantioselective synthesis of tetracoordinate boron molecules by leveraging the inherent structural features of commonly used boron compounds.

An annotation-free vision–language model based on contrastive learning performs pathology localization and clinical diagnosis on a wide variety of medical image datasets.

In forests, trait expression is influenced by tree-tree interactions. Castro Sánchez-Bermejo et al. show how phenotypic variability of tree species decreases with tree diversity and contributes importantly to functional diversity in forests.

The existing ENCODE registry of candidate human and mouse cis-regulatory elements is expanded with the addition of new ENCODE data, integrating new functional data as well as new cell and tissue types.

Pulmonary type 2 inflammation is associated with type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Here the authors use the Collaborative Cross mouse panel to show that ILC2 abundance during type 2 lung inflammation is different across the panel and identify free-fatty acid receptor 3 (Ffar3) as a gene responsible and show cytokine and ILC2 functional changes.

Formate produced by synthetic methylotrophic E. coli can lead to carbon loss and negatively impact bioproduction efficiency. Here, the authors report the production of formate as a widespread property of NAD-dependent methanol dehydrogenases and identify Mdhs without this overoxidation activity.

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome is characterized by premature aging with cardiovascular disease being the main cause of death. Here the authors show that inhibition of the NAT10 enzyme enhances cardiac function and fitness, and reduces age-related phenotypes in a mouse model of premature aging.

Here, the authors present archaeology of the Namorotukunan site in Kenya’s Turkana Basin that demonstrates adaptive shifts in hominin tool-making behaviour spanning 300,000 years and increasing environmental variability. They contextualize these findings with paleoenvironmental proxies, dating, and geological descriptions.

Cells rely on diversification and redundancy of protein chaperones to maintain proteostasis. Here, the authors show that two C. elegans orthologs of a chaperone have distinct roles in stress resistance, aging, and autophagy through an ER-phagy receptor-dependent pathway.

The effects of current protected areas on freshwater biodiversity are poorly understood. Here, the authors show that European protected areas have overall limited influence on changes in river biodiversity, underscoring the urgent need for improved effectiveness.

The prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease neuropathological changes is reported based on blood-based biomarkers in a Norwegian population-based cohort.

The magnetic flux rope is a crucial structure in astrophysical and space plasmas. Here, the authors show how this structure rapidly contracts/expands and consequently how it accelerates/decelerates electrons, by using an advanced analysis technique.

Deep mutational scanning of a recent human H3N2 influenza haemagglutinin identifies how epistasis and pleiotropy differentially constrain mutations that affect viral cell entry, acid stability and neutralization.

X-ray study of compressed water shows that superionic ice adopts mixed close-packed structures rather than a single phase - a far more complex behaviour than expected, mirroring solid ice’s rich phases and informing planetary interior models.

The long-term existence of diverse virulent phages within cultures of Escherichia coli and others challenges the virulent–temperate dichotomy and points to non-canonical phage lifestyles.

The authors develop a system to erase DNA methylation at H19-DMR in mouse sperm. Despite loss, methylation partly recovers via H3K9me3 after fertilization, revealing partial intergenerational epigenetic inheritance.

The magnetoelastic coupling at a ferroelectric-ferromagnetic interface is shown to be dominated by shear-strain effects. Using polarised x-ray microscopy to simultaneously image the ferroic domain structures, the authors demonstrate an anomalous coupling in the ultrathin film limit.

In this study, the authors use a combination of experimental and modeling approaches to show that a human gut bacterial community can exist in different states under the same conditions. The mechanism behind these alternative states is likely based on metabolic change in response to nutrient depletion.

The size distributions of Kuiper Belt objects hold clues to their origin. Here, the authors show that common formation processes followed by early dynamical evolution explain the observed features in both the hot and cold populations.

In this work, the authors show that the essential Mycoplasma pneumoniae protein P116 enables cholesterol acquisition from lipoproteins and various cell types. An antibody against its C-terminal domain inhibits lipid acquisition, growth, and plaque binding, linking M. pneumoniae to atherosclerotic lipid-rich tissue.

A Bayesian analysis of diagnostic data reported to the World Health Organization reveals that approximately 2 million people were incorrectly diagnosed with tuberculosis (received a false-positive result) and 1 million received a false-negative result, emphasizing the critical need for higher-sensitivity bacteriological tests in the future.

Coordinated X-ray and radio observations reveal that disk winds and jets occur mutually exclusively in 4U 1630–472, providing new observational constraints on the interplay between different modes of outflow in X-ray binaries.

This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes the latest evidence on diffusion tensor imaging metrics of fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity across psychosis spectrum disorders. The authors highlight a consistent pattern of fractional anisotropy reduction in the corpus callosum, with age and gender further strengthening these results.

Here, the authors leverage data from the Tara Oceans expeditions to perform a phylogeny-guided plastid genome-resolved metagenomic survey and provide 660 non-redundant plastid genomes from marine algae. They identify a rare, deep branching plastid lineage of nano-sized algae, describing their diversity, phylogeny, distribution and relevance to our understanding of plastid endosymbioses.

MAGPIE is a computational framework for co-registering spatially-resolved transcriptomics, metabolomics and tissue morphology for integrated downstream analysis. Case studies across lung, brain and breast reveal coordinated cross-modality molecular changes.

Genetic models for psychiatric disorders often overlook ancestry diversity. Here, the authors use PsychENCODE and GWAS data to build ancestry-specific GReX models, improving TWAS and revealing novel genes and pathways linked to brain development and psychiatric risk.

Hearing evolved in most amniotes by the late Permian, but its origins in reptiles remain poorly understood. Here, using biomechanical and morphometric analyses, the authors show that high frequency hearing likely had evolved in reptiles by the late Permian.

Organosilanes find extensive utility in numerous fields, and thus attract significant interest in methodological developments for their synthesis. Herein, the authors report a general and robust 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine-enabled platform for C(sp²)–Si bond formation between organic halides and halosilanes.

The discovery of a vast reservoir of primordial neutral hydrogen gas surrounding a young galaxy cluster just one billion years after the Big Bang offers new insight into how the first large cosmic structures assembled.

Here, the authors show that two residues in FDX1 control both protein lipoylation and copper-induced cell death, suggesting these roles are interconnected. They also identify DLD as an upstream regulator that strengthens FDX1’s link to the lipoylation pathway.

Vortex dynamics and mutual friction in quantum fluids are intimately connected to the fundamental properties of superfluids. Here, the authors reveal previously unexplored mechanisms underlying the mutual friction coefficients in ultracold Fermi superfluids in the unitary limit, suggesting bound quasiparticles within the vortex core play a significant role.

Microflora Danica—an atlas of Danish environmental microbiomes—reveals that although human-disturbed habitats have high alpha diversity, species reoccur, revealing hidden homogeneity.

Repeated stress triggers habituation, an important stress coping response. Here, authors chart the dynamic gene expression changes that underlie stress habituation in the mouse brain and reveal two distinct molecular mechanisms behind this process.

The authors study Sr₂RuO₄ under shear strain, finding that shear strain has little to no coupling to superconductivity. These results suggest a one-component superconducting order parameter in Sr₂RuO₄.

This study reports that Saffold virus, associated with respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological illnesses, uses both sulfated glycosaminoglycans and integrin αVβ8 as cooperative attachment receptors essential for viral entry.

Mapping produced natural gas composition across the U.S. reveals local and regional variation. Methane leaks are a greater share of produced gas than assumed and other gases are co-emitted, guiding emissions management.

PFAS are “forever chemicals” that build up in living things and can move through food webs. This study shows their levels roughly double with each step up the food chain, highlighting widespread chemical magnification in nature.

Natural hydrogen is generated through chemical and radioactive processes in the Earth’s crust, and could be an important future clean chemical feedstock and energy resource. This Review examines the processes of geological hydrogen generation, migration, accumulation and preservation that enable the development of exploitable reserves.

Authors combine neutron scattering and MD simulations to study psychrophilic bacteria, linking proteome dynamics to the state of the proteome folding in the context of differential thermal adaptation.

Recent work has demonstrated that the relationship between brain and body mass across mammals is curvilinear. Here, the authors demonstrate this curvilinearity across 4679 species, spanning multiple major animal classes. They show that it is caused by systematic changes in allometry within species leading to macroevolutionary patterns.

A natural circular RNA termed ciRS-7 is shown to function as a negative regulator of microRNA; ciRS-7 acts as an efficient sponge for the microRNA miR-7, and is resistant to the usual microRNA-mediated degradation pathway of exonucleolytic RNA decay.

Here the authors combine microstructural and chemical analysis of building materials collected from an active construction site in Pompeii prior to the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE. Through these analyses, they identify the  key raw materials and processes used in the production of Roman concrete.

Current single-cell RNA sequencing methods struggle to comprehensively profile transcriptomes, with many lowly expressed transcripts remaining undetected. Here authors present a workflow for enhancing the detection of both transcripts and regions of interest in combination with a standard transcriptome profile.

Between 2000 and 2015, reclamation for cropland in China undermined gains in wildlife habitat and the ecosystem services of water retention, sandstorm prevention, carbon sequestration and soil retention by 113.8%, 63.4%, 52.5%, 29.0% and 10.2%, respectively.

How chemotherapeutic nucleoside 6-thio-2’-deoxyguanosine (6-thiodG) targets telomerase to inhibit telomere maintenance in cancer cells and tumors was unclear. Here, the authors show that telomere length and telomerase status determine 6-thio-dG sensitivity and uncover the molecular mechanism by which 6-thio-dG selectively inhibits telomerase synthesis of telomeric DNA.

How the brain adapts its representations to prioritize task-relevant information remains unclear. Here, the authors show that both monkey brains and deep learning models stretch neural representations along goal-relevant dimensions, with spike timing playing a key role.