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Here, they develop optimized mouse testicular organoids that recapitulate key testicular functions and generate functional haploid germ cells, enabling the generation of normal fertile F2 offspring. These organoids can be used to model male infertility and screen for drugs that may prevent germ cell loss after chemotherapy.

High-latitude soils are future soil organic carbon loss hotspots, with losses dominated by particulate organic carbon (POC). The fraction of POC in total SOC (f_POC) is a key indicator, emphasizing the climate importance of preserving POC.

The yeast ceramide synthase assembles into a 4:4 complex through a Lac1 helix interface. This interface physically occludes the active site yet is essential for proper ceramide regulation, revealing sophisticated control beyond simple autoinhibition.

Maternal obesity is known to cause systemic lipid dysregulation, yet its effect on lipid reprogramming during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) remains unknown. Here, they show that obesity disrupts very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) storage in oocytes, impairing peroxisomal protein import in 2-cell embryos.

The COMPASSION16 trial showed survival benefits of cadonilimab plus standard therapy in advanced cervical cancer. Here, subgroup analysis confirms consistent progression-free and overall survival improvements across diverse patient profiles.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

Immunosuppressive myeloid cells drive tumor progression and immune evasion. The authors here develop a nanomicelle platform that codelivers photosensitizers (IR825), anti-PD-L1 antibodies, and antagomiR-182 to tumor site, promotes DC maturation, repolarizes tissue associated macrophages, enhances CD8⁺ T cell functionality and antitumor efficacy in breast cancer models.

Environmental Robustness Index is established to bridge the gap between laboratory and field performance of solar evaporation technologies. Design principles for managing heat transport enable stable water production in diverse climatic conditions.

Han et al. report a highly conductive composite electrode with low equivalent sheet resistance of 1.5 Ω sq-1. A self-masking method is developed to prevent shunting caused by uneven grid surfaces, enabling flexible organic solar cells with efficiencies of 15.20% (4 cm² devices) and 14.24% (16 cm² devices).

Isotopic analysis of basalt clasts returned from the Moon by the Chang’e-5 mission indicates that the rocks were derived from a mantle source that lacked potassium, rare-earth elements and phosphorus.

Analyses of Chang’e-6 samples from the lunar farside reveal high water contents and low δD values, with comparisons to other lunar samples suggesting that solar-wind-implanted surface water varies with latitude and regolith maturity.

Combining distinct confinement mechanisms can enable the engineering of novel electronic states. Here, the authors integrate a moiré potential with vertical quantum confinement in a heterostructure composed of twisted bilayer MoS₂ on (111)-oriented Bi nanofilms, revealing experimental signatures of a Wigner crystal.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

This work reports the discovery of a giant in-plane Hall effect in a nonmagnetic half Heusler compound, demonstrating magneto-cubic behavior over a wide temperature range and identifying extrinsic mechanisms as the dominant origin.

Conventional neuromorphic vision systems based on pixels-to-one-memristor architecture face efficiency challenge. Here, Sun et al. report an architecture employing one-pixel-to-multiple-memristor structure, mapping weight updates to voltage vectors to enhance both processing speed and energy efficiency.

Accurately mapping diverse cell types in complex tissues remains a challenge for spatial transcriptomics. Here, the authors present UCASpatial, an entropy-weighted algorithm that enables ultra-precision deconvolution to resolve fine-grained immune landscapes and explore intercellular mechanisms.

A lunar glass bead can preserve nanophase iron (npFe⁰) of varying sizes via multiple mechanisms. The formation of small and large npFe⁰ with distinct weathering effects is independently governed by solar wind irradiation and micrometeorite impacts.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

This study explores the role of protein hyperacetylation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). It identifies Dlat as a key regulator of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, offering insights for clinical HFpEF interventions.

Researchers identify FOXJ3 variants in focal epilepsy and cortical dysplasia and show that FOXJ3 regulates neuronal migration and cortical layer formation by controlling the PTEN–mTOR pathway; disruption of this process leads to abnormal brain development.

Stretchable liquid-metal electronics is limited by high surface tension, fluidity, and poor wettability. Here, Lee et. al. presents a universal cryogenic transfer method for liquid metal particles, enabling high-throughput fabrication of wafer-scale stretchable integrated electronics with robust electrical performance.

This study reveals that BCAA-derived BCKAs impair glucose-induced insulin secretion via activation of LDHA, a disallowed enzyme in pancreatic β-cells. Blocking this signalling axis restores insulin secretion, offering a new target against diabetes.

Neural mechanisms underlying social behavior are not fully understood. Here authors show two lateral septum neuron types in male mice that bidirectionally regulate social memory via distinct hippocampal-hypothalamic circuits.

Global cropland subsoil hides a “biogeochemical engine” where crop roots, soil texture, nitrifier communities, and hydrological conditions interact to fuel nitrification, silently driving soil acidification and groundwater nitrate pollution.

Lactylation of SOD1 at lysine in nucleus pulposus cells and aggravates intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) in male rats.

Emulating biological vision with dual functions of photoreceptors and photosynapses through light-modulated ion transport presents a significant challenge. Here, the authors present a light-regulated nanofluidic iontronic device that can mimic the dual visual functionalities with adjustable polarity-switching behaviour.

A dated phylogeny of 16,585 vascular plant species native to China reveals three major centres of endemism, including a potential new global biodiversity hotspot.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Interfacial charge recombination losses limit solar cell efficiency. Gao et al. mitigate these losses through front and rear-contact engineering, achieving efficiencies of 26.34% and 32.73% in tunnel oxide passivating contact single-junction and tandem solar cells.

Moiré superlattices are a versatile platform for studying emergent electron and quantum phenomena. Here, the authors demonstrate moiré superlattice formation in complex oxide-WS₂ heterostructures across varying twist angles.

Tunnel oxide passivating contact solar cells face unresolved questions about the atomic scale nature of pinholes that limit performance. The authors use aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy to reveal two pinhole types and showing that oxygen-based passivation rather than pinholes geometry drives efficiency.

Measurement-based quantum computing implements quantum algorithms by performing sequences of measurements on special classes of entangled states, such as cluster states. This approach has now been demonstrated on a superconducting quantum processor.

Researchers have cloned the broad-spectrum stripe rust resistance gene Yr83 from rye via triticale. This gene encodes a unique NLR–transposase fusion protein, offering a pivotal genetic resource for wheat breeding.

Exhausted CD8⁺ T cells increase proteasome activity due to the accumulation of depolarized mitochondria, which drives the selective degradation of mitochondrial proteins and releases of regulatory haem through haemoprotein breakdown.

A meta-topological hydrogel suppresses multisource motion artefacts across tailored frequencies, enabling artefact-free haemodynamic and electrophysiological recording with robust fatigue profiling.

Longitudinal metatranscriptomics in a prospective cohort of 1,164 adults hospitalized for COVID-19 reveals that azithromycin offered no apparent anti-inflammatory benefit but enriched the respiratory microbiome with potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes.

An evaluation across 193 countries for the 2026 Global Action Plan update showed that countries with strong multisectoral governance and early surveillance adoption achieved long-term improvements in reducing antimicrobial resistance.

A gravity-driven organoid perfusion (GDOP) chip is developed to establish uniform TNBC organoids for three-drug sensitivity testing via morphological and grayscale changes, and to generate brain organoids supporting further drug toxicity research.

Here the authors use CRISPR activation screens to identify metabolite-sensing receptors that affect lymphocyte targeting and infiltration of tumors and engineer CAR T and CAR NK cells with these receptors to enhance solid tumor killing in mice.