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To overcome inefficient recycling of carbon fibre waste, the authors develop a rapid, commercially attractive solid-flames upcycling technique that converts waste fibres into graphene-grafted carbon fibres and graphene powders.

The development of sustainable water oxidation catalysts is crucial for hydrogen production, yet cobalt-based materials often suffer from instability. Here, the authors report that co-doping LiCoO₂ with nickel, iron, and palladium yields a durable electrode with stability of over 2,000 hours.

The presence of EGFR mutations and de novo MET aberrations limited response to EGFR inhibitors in patients with advance non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, the authors report a phase 2 randomised clinical trial investigating first-line osimertinib (EGFR inhibitor) plus savolitinib (c-MET inhibitor) in patients with MET-aberrant, EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC.

Controllable and scalable phase transition of transition metal chalcogenides is challenging. Using in situ microscopic analysis, a non-stoichiometric phase transition from PdTe₂ to PdTe is observed on the atomic scale, providing mechanistic insights into the scalable phase engineering of transition metal chalcogenide films and heterostructures.

Difference frequency generation (DFG) is promising for wavelength conversion and signal amplification, but is limited by low conversion efficiencies. Here, the authors demonstrate broadband and high-efficiency DFG under adapted poling implementation.

The stability of PEM water electrolysers is severely affected by the purity of the water employed. Here a cobalt-doped RuO₂ catalyst is developed to operate with water treated with reverse osmosis, which contains a significant amount of residual ions, achieving a degradation rate of only 10 μV h⁻¹ after 2,000 h of continuous operation at 1 A cm⁻².

A four-qubit quantum error detection circuit with stabilizers can be implemented with spin qubits in a donor-based silicon quantum processor.

Electrolysis of dirty water is an attractive route to clean hydrogen, but fluctuating surface pH quickly ruins electrodes. Here, the authors report an ion-selective polymer gate that steadies surface pH, bars harmful ions and lets seawater-fed cells run 1500 h with pure-water durability.

Researchers demonstrate an 8×240 Gbps DWDM transmitter on a thin-film lithium tantalate platform for the O-band, using a novel flat-top optical filter based on coupled Fabry–Perot cavities. It achieves low insertion loss (0.1–0.4 dB), a high extinction ratio (~26 dB), and a 12 nm free spectral range, showing promise for high-capacity optical links in AI and data centers.

Cascaded nonlinear optics has long enabled advances in short-wavelength generation, but equivalent approaches for long wavelengths remain underdeveloped. Here, the authors demonstrate a chip-based lithium niobate platform that delivers tunable mid-infrared light, opening new possibilities for sensing, spectroscopy, and communications.

PanoSpace enhances low-resolution spatial transcriptomics data to reconstruct continuous tissue maps at single-cell resolution. In cancer tissues and mouse brain, it refines cell localization, identity, gene expression and microenvironmental interactions.

The global regulator PhoP plays crucial roles in bacterial pathogenicity. Shi et al. report four cryo-EM structures of PhoP-dependent transcription activation and repression complexes, revealing dual transcription regulation mechanisms of PhoP.

A strategy that depends on attenuated brassinosteroid signalling is described for the design of semi-dwarf wheat varieties with improved grain yield compared with that of green revolution varieties.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

A certified flexible perovskite/crystalline silicon tandem solar cell has efficiencies rivalling its rigid counterparts and demonstrates exceptional mechanical robustness and stability.

This study introduces a meta-lens-based hyperspectral radiation thermometry that accurately measures temperatures up to 2973 K with error lower than 0.32%. The method is six times more precise than current methods and holds protentional for developing miniaturized, two-dimensional temperature sensors.

This work uncovers why traditional methods underestimate active site density in fuel cell catalysts. The researchers developed a novel in-situ acid-assisted method coupled with infrared spectroscopy to accurately quantify sites and elucidate their structure, validated across multiple catalysts.

Stem cells are highly resistant to viral infection, irrespective of any interferon response. Here the authors discover that VAMP5 as a potent cell-autonomous defense factor protects ESCs from various viruses’ infection, including SARS-CoV-2 by interacting with RNA replication complexes to defend against viral infection.

Sepsis’s profound heterogeneity complicates prognosis and stratification. Here, the authors show that SepsisFormer and SMART, explainable AI models integrating coagulation–inflammation markers, enable outcome prediction, real-time risk assessment, and subgroup identification to guide sepsis therapy.

The role of vascular plasticity in brain function remains poorly understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that a significant portion of blood vessels in the adult brain periodically occlude and regress, a process that is associated with a reduction in neuronal activity.

Controlling Li nucleation and growth is crucial to avoid dendrite formation. Here, Li₂S(111)@Cu is used as Li metal electrode substrate, where a substrate-dependent Li nucleation process and a facet-dependent growth mode are identified, enabling dense Li deposition and improved battery performance.

Li-metal batteries suffer from sluggish kinetics at low temperatures. Here, authors propose a guideline for rational electrolyte solvent screening and design a class of asymmetric ethers, which bestows the Li metal pouch cell with a high specific energy of 345.3 Wh kg⁻¹ over 40 cycles at −40 °C.

Transition metal-catalyzed C−H cyclization for medium-ring synthesis has been limited to reactive C−H bonds, the activation of unreactive C−H bonds still remains a challenge. Here the authors show the direct construction of 7-membered rings via Ni−Al co-catalyzed unreactive C−H cyclization of benzoimidazoles with alkenes, providing a series of tricyclic imidazoles.

Filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs (FAPs) are phylogenetically distant from other anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria. Here the authors present the 4.1 Å cryo-EM structure of the photosynthetic core complex from the FAP Roseiflexus castenholzii and propose a model for energy and electron transfer.

In this clinical trial, the authors demonstrate that recombinant gE-Fc Fusion Protein Vaccine LZ901 for herpes zoster induces superior cellular immunogenicity and exhibits a better safety profile than HZ/su in adults ≥50 years, supporting its potential as vaccine candidate.

Out-of-plane polarized spin current generated by the Weyl semimetal tantalum iridium telluride can be used to achieve the field-free switching of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy ferromagnet cobalt iron boron at room temperature.

In situ liquid-cell electrochemical transmission electron microscopy allows the direct visualization of the transformation of lithium polysulfides over electrode surfaces at the atomic scale, leading to a new energy-storage mechanism in lithium–sulfur batteries.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

An iontronic tip-sensing guidewire measures haemodynamic and contact pressure in animal stenosis models and can be integrated with commercial workhorse guidewires.

The ring opening of cyclopropenes provides a compelling platform for the rapid synthesis of various polysubstituted acyclic alkenes, but radical-mediated reactions of this type remain underexplored. Here, the authors report an aminative ring-opening of cyclopropenes with iron-aminyl radical to afford tetrasubstituted alkenyl nitriles.

Li, Burgos-Bravo and colleagues report that NDF phase separation regulates FACT condensation, which enhances transcription by generating a localized biochemical environment that promotes nucleosome disassembly while preserving chromatin integrity by retaining histones.

The study shows that exciton diffusivity in semiconducting moiré superlattices can be strongly modulated by correlated electrons, revealing intriguing interactions and ushering in avenues for quantum optoelectronic technologies.

There is great interest in molybdenum disulphide for electronic devices but the mechanism of charge transport remains elusive. Qiu et al. find that sulphur vacancies introduce localized donor states within the bandgap, enabling low-carrier-density transport via hopping.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

Control of magnetization is at the core of many spintronic applications. Out-of-plane anti-damping magnon torque now enables low-power, deterministic switching of perpendicular magnetization at zero magnetic field.

Genetic muscle diseases are difficult to treat due to challenges in delivering gene editors to muscles throughout the body. Here, authors engineer muscle-specific virus-like particles that fuse with skeletal muscle cells to deliver CRISPR tools and restore dystrophin in a DMD model.

The International Brain Laboratory presents a brain-wide electrophysiological map obtained from pooling data from 12 laboratories that performed the same standardized perceptual decision-making task in mice.

Sequencing the genome and microbiome of about 1,500 tick samples from regions across China revealed host–microbe associations in ticks that could have implications for controlling ticks and tick-borne diseases.

A strategy using engineered functional customized viral receptors enables the development of functional infection models for coronaviruses whose native cellular receptors are unknown.

Silicon solar cells with hybrid interdigitated back contacts have a power conversion efficiency approaching 95% of the theoretical limit and a fill factor approaching 98% of the theoretical limit.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.