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Bacteria can infect tumour cells which may affect the biological characteristics of the tumour or even the therapeutic outcome. Here authors show that Stenotrophomonas, upon entering tumour cells, trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to STING degradation and inhibition of MHC-II⁺ macrophages, which ultimately cause tumour progression and immunotherapy resistance.

Researchers developed a simple, industry-compatible method using an indium buffer layer between cobalt and 2D materials to form vdWs tunnel contacts. This achieved high spin injection efficiency in both graphene and MoS2, enabling future large-scale spintronic devices.

The current unbalance between the performance of n-type and p-type 2D transistors limits their applications for next-generation electronics. Here, the authors report the realization of high-performance 2D MoTe₂ p-type transistors by depositing metallic tellurium contacts via thermal evaporation.

Hou, Li, Moi et al., find that long-term endocrine therapy does not alter overall gut microbiota composition in breast cancer patients, but recurrence is linked to reduced microbial diversity and specific bacterial signatures. These gut microbiota patterns predict poorer outcomes independent of established genetic risk scores, suggesting added value for recurrence risk stratification

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

The efficiency of selenium photovoltaics is hindered by the poor crystallization of the Se film. Wen, Li, Lu and colleagues use light to initiate Se crystallization, suppressing dewetting and enabling the formation of a continuous film, which achieves a certified efficiency of 10.3%.

Carbon inequality mirrors extreme wealth and income inequalities globally, with a high level of consumption-based carbon emissions in rich nations. This study shows that lifting people out of poverty does not impact much emissions globally, though in poorer countries emissions could more than double.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Pla2g7 is a secreted enzyme mainly produced by myeloid cells and exerts a significant role in a spectrum of metabolic and inflammatory disorders. Here they show that Pla2g7 expression is enriched in osteoclasts and is associated with bone resorption, revealing an important role in bone homeostasis.

Achieving wireless and high charge density neural stimulation remains challenging. To address this issue, the authors develop a sonocapacitor from piezoelectric-dielectric composite nanospheres and two-dimensional cellulose.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

This research introduces a method for generating customizable spatiotemporal optical vortex (STOV) combs, enabling precise control of light’s spatial and temporal properties. It also demonstrates their application in high-capacity, efficient information transmission systems.

Importin β, the prototypical eukaryotic nuclear import receptor, transports a wide variety of cargos into the nucleus. Ko et al. used cryogenic electron microscopy to reveal an unexpected allosteric regulation of Importin β’s affinity for FG-nucleoporins, triggered by Ran-GTP.

Previous clinical studies suggested that Insulin-like growth factor binding-protein 7 (IGFBP7) is elevated in early stages of diabetes. Here authors showed tubule and glomerular-specific IGFBP7 promotes diabetic kidney disease.

Gut microbiota influence bone health, but the genetic and metabolic mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that specific bifidobacterial taxa causally reduce bone mineral density, partly via n-3 fatty acid metabolism, highlighting host-microbe interactions with potential therapeutic implications.

Here, the authors demonstrate that VGLL4 maintains cartilage integrity by forming a complex with TEAD4-SMAD3 to regulate extracellular matrix homeostasis. VGLL4 deficiency accelerates osteoarthritis, while its restoration or SMAD3 delivery rescues cartilage damage, suggesting therapeutic potential.

Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) hold therapeutic promise but face challenges of high molecular weight, polarity, and poor drug-like properties. Here, authors develop PLA-based SM-PROTACs that achieve efficient target degradation and superior low-dose, long-term tumor inhibition in vivo

This study demonstrates a crucial role of N-glycosylation in activating a receptor-like kinase by promoting its interaction with co-receptors.

Lithium metal batteries face interface stability issues at high temperatures and high voltage. Here, the authors develop a fluorinated lithium salt that resists corrosion, stabilizes interfaces, and enables long-term battery performance under harsh conditions.

Chiral 1,2-diamines are useful chemicals used as ligands in asymmetric catalysis. Here, the authors report a copper(I)-catalyzed asymmetric α-addition of ketimines derived from trifluoroacetophenone and 2- or 4-NO2-benzylamines to aldimines, affording a series of chiral anti-1,2-diamine derivatives.

In this Perspective, members of the Aging Biomarker Consortium outline the X-Age Project, an Aging Biomarker Consortium plan for building standardized aging clocks in China. The authors discuss the project roadmap and its aims of decoding aging heterogeneity, detecting accelerated aging early and evaluating geroprotective interventions.

The biological clock model LifeClock predicts biological age across all life stages from routine clinical data, revealing distinct pediatric and adult disease risk patterns.

Laser plasma instabilities are the main factors contributing to degradation of hohlraum performance in inertial confinement fusion experiments. Here, the authors show asymmetric backscattering within the same laser cone at the SG-100kJ laser facility, unveiling the role of crossed-beam energy transfer and laser polarization.

Here the authors showcase a monolithic photonic chip for efficient THz-optical interaction, using thin-film lithium niobate on quartz. It enables THz-optic modulation, 500 GHz continuous THz generation (10x more efficient than prior devices), and 65 GHz high-speed electro-THz modulation.

The PrimeGen framework is a multi-agent large language model system used to navigate intricate primer design workflows for amplicon sequencing.

It is uncertain how much life expectancy of the Chinese population would improve under current and greater policy targets on lifestyle-based risk factors for chronic diseases and mortality behaviours. Here we report a simulation of how improvements in four risk factors, namely smoking, alcohol use, physical activity and diet, could affect mortality. We show that in the ideal scenario, that is, all people who currently smokers quit smoking, excessive alcohol userswas reduced to moderate intake, people under 65 increased moderate physical activity by one hour and those aged 65 and older increased by half an hour per day, and all participants ate 200 g more fresh fruits and 50 g more fish/seafood per day, life expectancy at age 30 would increase by 4.83 and 5.39 years for men and women, respectively. In a more moderate risk reduction scenario referred to as the practical scenario, where improvements in each lifestyle factor were approximately halved, the gains in life expectancy at age 30 could be half those of the ideal scenario. However, the validity of these estimates in practise may be influenced by population-wide adherence to lifestyle recommendations. Our findings suggest that the current policy targets set by the Healthy China Initiative could be adjusted dynamically, and a greater increase in life expectancy would be achieved.

Single atoms trapped in optical tweezers offer a promising route to quantum computing, but large-scale individual qubit control remains challenging. Here the authors propose and realize a fiber array architecture that enables independent and highly parallel control of single qubits in a neutral atom array.

Satellite observations reveal global increases in the extent and frequency of phytoplankton blooms between 2003 and 2020 and provide insights into the relationship between blooms, ocean circulation and sea surface temperature.

Quintulene, a quintuple non-graphitic cycloarene, is challenging to synthesize. Here, the authors synthesize and characterize the cone-shaped extended quintulene and its bilayer dimer, and disclose its dimerization as an entropy-driven, second-order reaction with a substantial activation energy.

Li, Li, Wu et al. use a proteomics approach, PhastID to identify protein components of nuclear condensates (NCs). They reveal crosstalk between NCs, the dynamics of condensate components and identify an NC formed by BUD13.

This study presents 3D-SpecDIM, a method capable of concurrently capturing both rapid 3D positional dynamics and physicochemical parameter changing dynamics of the biomolecules, enabling high-speed 3D tracking and spectral analysis in live cells.

Epstein–Barr virus - host chromatin interactions in nasopharyngeal carcinoma remain poorly understood. Here, the authors characterise the virus‒host chromatin interactions leading to genome reorganisation and identify a KDM5B-relevant signature associated with distant metastasis.

Energy storage ceramics typically face a trade-off between polarization and breakdown strength. Here, the authors overcome the paradox through a unique high-entropy design aimed at regulating phase structure and minimizing interfacial polarization.

Using data from 15 countries, Penner et al. find that women earn less than men who are working for the same employer in the same occupation. These results highlight the continued importance of equal pay for equal work.

Precise separation of ions with similar valence and size is critical. Here, authors designed a selective membrane that precisely extract Li+ from Na+ and Ca²⁺ interferences. The high selectivity and permeability enable energy-efficient, precise, and chemical-free lithium extraction using the electrodialysis process.

The hydroallylation of alkenes represents a straightforward method for the construction of chain elongated alkenes. Here the authors report a scandium-catalyzed anti-Markovnikov hydroallylation reaction of styrene derivatives with 1-aryl-2-alkyl alkenes and α-alkenes for the synthesis of chain elongated internal alkenes.

Dissipative self-assembly, which requires a continuous supply of fuel to maintain the assembled states far from equilibrium, is the foundation of biological systems but it remains a challenge to introduce light as fuel into artificial dissipative self-assemblies. Here, the authors report an artificial dissipative self-assembly system that is constructed from light-induced amphiphiles.

This study explores the magnitude, spatiotemporal variation and drivers of nitrous oxide emissions from Chinese livestock production over the past four decades. Scenario analysis is used to estimate emissions mitigation potential of different measures, their associated marginal abatement costs and the social benefits.

This study reveals that the varying responses of plant biomass to phosphorus addition across plant functional groups align with the leaf economics spectrum, with plants characterized by more acquisitive traits exhibiting stronger responses to phosphorus addition.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Alpine plants exhibit phenological adaptations to germinate and complete their reproductive cycles during the most favorable growing seasons. Here, the authors show that allelic variation in the GA20ox3 gene is crucial for the adaptability of fruit length and seed germination timing in high-altitude ecotypes of A. thaliana.

The semileptonic decay channels of the Λc baryon can give important insights into weak interaction, but decay into a neutron, positron and electron neutrino has not been reported so far, due to difficulties in the final products’ identification. Here, the BESIII Collaboration reports its observation in e+e- collision data, exploiting machine-learning-based identification techniques.