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Phylodynamic modelling shows how the changing antibiotic landscape and genetic determinants of resistance shape real-world gonococcal dynamics. Experiments validated that determinants with identical resistance phenotype differed in impact on fitness.

A new platform comprising large-scale 2D arrays of quantum dots patterned with sub-nanometre precision, with each quantum dot defined by tens of phosphorus atoms doped into silicon, allows for analogue simulation of quantum materials on arbitrary lattices.

Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies 58 independent risk loci for major anxiety disorders among individuals of European ancestry and implicates GABAergic signaling as a potential mechanism underlying genetic risk for these disorders.

Vassy, Dornisch and colleagues developed a genomics-based prostate cancer risk model to support a randomized clinical trial of precision screening in a national healthcare system.

Pangenomic and epidemiological analyses reveal a genetic shift in U.S. Salmonella Hadar populations during 2019–20, driven by expansion of a lineage carrying a prophage-like element that likely arose in commercial poultry and spread to backyard flocks.

Biodegradable enzymatic microbubble robots self-propel in urea, are magnetically or chemotactically guided, provide ultrasound imaging and enhance intratumoural drug delivery with focused ultrasound.

3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3HP) is a top Department of Energy value-added chemical and precursor to bioplastics, yet cost-effective microbial bioproduction remains elusive. Here the authors establish efficient 3HP production in an acid tolerant yeast and validate its financially viability.

The authors analytically determine how neuronal correlations and geometry collectively determine readout generalization across tasks and show how these geometric features follow distinct trajectories over the course of learning.

Non-Annex I countries—mostly developing countries under the UN climate framework—excluding China accounted for approximately 61% of hydrofluorocarbon emission growth during 2011–2020, while China’s emissions have been overestimated since 2017, according to atmospheric observational data and inverse modelling.

Green subsidies (carrots) are now becoming a more politically acceptable climate policy option compared with corrective regulations (sticks). However, researcher show that carrots without quick and appropriate sticks will not be sufficient to reach the deep decarbonization goal in the long run.

Five-year survival data and biomarker analysis of the PRADO extension cohort of the phase 2 OpACIN-neo trial, in which patients with high-risk stage III melanoma received neoadjuvant ipilimumab and nivolumab and underwent pathologic response-directed surgery and adjuvant therapy, show 71% event-free survival and 88% overall survival, with tumor mutational burden, IFNγ signature and PD-L1 expression associated with favorable outcomes.

Nicholas and Mattar found that people use episodic memory to make decisions when it is unclear what will be needed in the future. These findings reveal how the rich representational capacity of episodic memory enables flexible decision-making.

While the photoreceptor outer segments in the bird outer retina have access to oxygen, the inner retina operates under chronic anoxia, supported by anaerobic glycolysis in the retinal neurons.

Hole spin qubits in germanium have seen significant advancements, though improving control and noise resilience remains a key challenge. Here, the authors realize a dressed singlet-triplet qubit in germanium, achieving frequency-modulated high-fidelity control and a tenfold increase in coherence time.

Three-component Fermi gases represent a versatile platform for quantum simulation, including quantum chromodynamics-like physics, pairing and few-body effects. Here the authors demonstrate control of spin imbalances and an unexpected asymmetric decay due to different three-body losses for each component, and whose microscopic mechanism remains to be understood.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

The distinct architecture of the Escherichia coli membrane transporter LetA mediates lipid trafficking across the bacterial envelope in partnership with the tunnel-like complex LetB.

Vertical transmission is thought to favour beneficial host–microbe interactions, but these may also be context dependent. Here Bruijning et al. show with a model that variable environments can select for bet-hedging by hosts via imperfect vertical transmission of microbes.

The authors developed an LXR inverse agonist, TLC-2716, and show it is effective in reducing triglycerides and cholesterol in dysmetabolic preclinical models. Additionally, a phase 1 trial in healthy participants shows that TLC-2716 is well tolerated and reduces plasma triglycerides and postprandial remnant cholesterol, highlighting its potential for managing cardiovascular risk.

Spatially variable surface-elevation changes across 40 global deltas using interferometric synthetic aperture radar are reported.

A national classification system of wetland hydrologic connectivity to streams, which could be applied globally, demonstrates and advances current understanding of how wetland connectivity affects surface water quality.

Central charge, a key quantity in conformal field theories, is crucial in the study of critical phenomena, yet its measurement has remained elusive. Here, the authors extract the central charge of several quantum critical models by accurately preparing their ground states on a superconducting quantum processor.

CSP-EA incorporates crystal structure prediction into an evolutionary search to efficiently explore chemical space for functional materials discovery, demonstrated here for identifying high-performance organic semiconductor candidates.

Wearable silent speech systems hold potential for restoring communication in patients suffering from speech impairments. Tang et al. report an AI-driven silent speech system for dysarthria patients, which enables zero-time-delay expression and context-aware emotion decoding-based sentence expansion.

Natural hydrogen is generated through chemical and radioactive processes in the Earth’s crust, and could be an important future clean chemical feedstock and energy resource. This Review examines the processes of geological hydrogen generation, migration, accumulation and preservation that enable the development of exploitable reserves.

Rearrangements govern many properties of materials and molecules, but it has been largely unexplored how to create flexible structures from the bottom up. Here, the authors use colloidal particles to explore how to guide the kinetic self-assembly pathways into ordered structures that maintain flexibility.

Early life RSV infection contributes to risk of childhood asthma. Here, the authors develop a statistical model to predict age at first RSV infection in the United States based on birthdate, demographics, and RSV surveillance data which could be used to identify groups at risk of chronic respiratory sequalae like asthma.

MK-7762 is a new oxazolidinone antitubercular agent that is structurally similar to linezolid, and demonstrated in vivo efficacy, lesion penetration and limited toxicity compared to linezolid, indicating it could be used in broad tuberculosis regimens.

Striatal dopamine signaling accelerates reinforcement learning while also boosting reliance on working memory and making working memory less effortful as revealed in this pharmaco-PET study of healthy young adults.

In a randomized controlled trial that included 97 participants, 69% patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) allocated to a fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) achieved clinical response, and over 60% reached remission, outperforming the control group. The FMD also reduced markers of intestinal inflammation, suggesting this dietary intervention could serve as adjunctive treatment for CD.

A protein biomarker, the NOTCH3 extracellular domain, identifies individuals with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension, correlates with disease progression, improves mortality risk prediction and provides a readily implementable, noninvasive blood test for this disease.

Improved vaccines and antivirals are needed for many enveloped viruses. Here, the authors identify sulfur-based small molecules that disrupt viral membrane properties, inhibiting fusion and entry, and safely inactivate influenza virus. The resulting inactivated influenza vaccine is protective in mice.

Low- and middle-income countries face unique challenges when it comes to balancing growing energy needs with broader, long-term development needs. This Perspective argues for innovative, context-specific modelling practices to support these goals.

Thermoelectric materials have the potential to convert waste heat into electricity. Although some of the more viable thermoelectric materials are based on expensive rare earth elements, here the authors replace Yb with low-cost Ce by engineering Ce solubility, thereby making Ce-CoSb3 a competitive thermoelectric.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Researchers applied high resolution inversions of satellite methane observations to estimate methane emissions from 161 countries, finding that global anthropogenic emissions are 15% larger than Paris Agreement reporting.

During mitosis, initially spherical chromosomes fold into visibly cylindrical structures with spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking before resolving into sister chromatids. Here, the authors develop a mechanistic model that captures the roles of distinct active motors in this process and analyze the resulting order, defects, and mechanical properties of the mitotic chromosome structure.

Early symptoms of bloodborne infections often overlap, complicating diagnosis and surveillance. Here, authors demonstrate multiplexed CRISPR assays (CARMEN, 23 targets), which match or exceed RT-qPCR diagnostic performance on contrived and clinical samples, enabling fast, high-throughput testing.

Shroom3 genetic variants increase Shroom3 levels and promote kidney fibrosis but reduce proteinuria, complicating Shroom3 targeting for precision medicine. Here, the authors show increased fibrosis mediated by Shroom3–Rock signaling and blocking this interaction genetically or with new compounds reduces tubular Rock activation and fibrosis.

Electrochemical acid-base production has attractive applications in mineral recovery and CO₂ removal, but current membrane-based designs are plagued by resistive losses. The authors report a membrane-less system generating useful acid and base solutions at high rates with less energy.

The authors present Gemini, their bifunctional replicon platform capable of functioning as either self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) or self-amplifying DNA (saDNA).

Baird et al. present the phase 2 PIONEER trial findings on the antitumor activity of combining aromatase inhibitor letrozole with megestrol in postmenopausal women with operable estrogen-receptor-positive human epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-2-negative breast cancer.

Kelemen et al. find that leveraging related traits improves polygenic score performance for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Health-economic modelling suggests that combining smoking and genetic risk information may improve cost-effectiveness of screening.

A cost-aware AI framework facilitates the development of predictive AI models that optimize the trade-off between prediction performance and feature cost.

An economic evaluation of the E-MOTIVE intervention for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) compared with usual care in 210,132 women, carried out from a healthcare system perspective, uncovered the cost per case of severe PPH prevented and cost per disability-adjusted life-year averted.