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High yield and wide adaptation rice are crucial for grain supply and food security. Here the authors report OsPI4Kγ7 which contributes to different “adaptability-yield” trade-offs in japonica and indica, and provides an alternative breeding strategy for raising grain yield in different latitudes.

Reconciling broad substrate generality with high enantioselectivity remains a core limitation of enantioselective catalysis. In this study, the authors design a new-to-nature photoenzyme that unlocks enzymatic deracemization of structurally diverse allenes, an entropically disfavored process inaccessible to natural biocatalysts.

Papaya is a trioecious species with XX females, XY males, and XY^h hermaphrodites, and the combination of Y and Y^h chromosomes is lethal. Here, the authors identify the degeneration of the YY lethality gene on the Y chromosome as the causal balancing lethal factor that reenforces dioecy and stabilizes balanced sex ratios.

We enhanced the scintillation performance of Sb³⁺-based halides by introducing H₂O to enhance lattice distortion and restrict free degrees, and realized real-time and 3D X-ray imaging using the flexible film.

Dearomatization offers a route towards three dimensional spirocyclic architectures, which are essential in bioactive molecules and pharmaceuticals, but biocatalytic dearomatization for obtaining these spirocyclic frameworks is underexplored. Here, the authors report a photoenzymatic platform synergizing visible-light activation with engineered nicotinamide-dependent ketoreductase catalysis to achieve highly enantioselective dearomative spirocyclization of N-hydroxyphthalimide esters.

Developing strategies for reducing carbon emissions in municipal solid waste management is essential to achieve the net-zero target. Here the authors systematically assess strategy options of different countries for achieving net-zero municipal solid waste management.

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine tumor with limited risk stratification. Here, the authors perform multi-omic analysis of MTC samples from 452 patients across 10 Chinese clinical centers, identify molecular subtypes and develop a prediction model.

The development of long male peduncles is pivotal for the evolutionary transition of papaya from gynodioecy to dioecy. Here, the authors identify a Y-linked gene responsible for peduncle elongation and propose its role in modulating auxin and gibberellin biosynthesis to promote peduncle growth.

DNA is a transformative storage medium, but flexible encoding and secure encryption remain challenging. Here, the authors present a DNA condensate-based system capable of writing, erasing, rewriting, replicating, and repairing information, while supporting versatile encryption.

Optoelectronic synapses are crucial for advanced visual systems but are hindered by limited storage memory. Here, the authors propose organic photoelectrochemical transistor array capable of multi-level memories for neuromorphic visual computing.

RNA modifications influence gene regulation and disease. Here, the authors show that YTHDF2 recognizes m⁶A-modified U6 snRNA to prevent aberrant TLR3 activation to inhibit inflammation and skin cancer development.

Activation of genes depends on transcription factors and chromatin remodelers. Here, the authors show ARID1A organizes these components through phase separation, co-condensing with specific transcription factors to maintain chromatin accessibility and drive gene expression.

Reverse iontophoresis offers non-invasive extraction of interstitial fluid but it has proven hard to be used for glucose monitoring. Here, the authors establish the mechanism by which skin surface pH modulates RI through zeta potential changes of keratin, supported by theoretical analysis and numerical simulations

Accurately predicting immunotherapy efficacy remains challenging. Here, the authors report a multiplexed blood-based assay using self-assembled, dual-target responsive DNA hydrogels for detection of soluble programmed death-ligand 1 and lactate dehydrogenase which can be used as a tool to help evaluate and predict immunotherapy response.

Cryosection pathology is essential for intraoperative diagnosis of diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs), but often requires re-sampling for an accurate assessment. Here, the authors develop CryoAID, an AI-augmented framework for rapid and accurate molecular outcome prediction during surgery for DMG, reducing re-biopsy rates in clinical cohorts.

The commercialization of organic solar cells has been hindered by the limited device stability. Here, authors show that the connectivity of electron transport network is a key factor determining electron transport and device stability, with polymeric acceptors likely to establish such a network.

The molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain to be explored. Here, the authors highlight the role of THRAP3 in inducing ferroptosis resistance via SLU7-mediated alternative splicing of GIT2 in AML.

Mobility impairment reduces autonomy and social participation. Here, the authors discuss how wearable technologies are transforming assisted mobility towards more adaptive, intuitive, and user-centered solutions.

A tunable magnetic nanochains platform (EVGpro) enables tandem enrichment, proteomic, and N-glycoproteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles from ultratrace biofluids. EVGpro identifies N-glycoprotein signatures and two asthenozoospermia subtypes.

Tissue-specific mRNA or gene editing machinery delivery is achieved with lipid nanoparticles containing peptides with specific sequences, which tune the protein corona of the particles by mechanical optimization of peptide–protein binding affinities.

Li et al. demonstrate that SULTR-mediated sulfur input is a pivotal step in regulating nodule senescence, and provide insights for developing strategies to enhance symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes by delaying nodule senescence.

Methanol dehydrogenases (MDHs) are crucial biocatalysts for methanol bioutilization, yet their biogenesis has long remained elusive. Here, the authors identify a key chaperone required for cofactor incorporation and elucidate the mechanism of MDH assembly.

Non-nucleotide stimulators of interferon gene (STING) agonists hold great promise as the immunotherapeutic agents for cancer therapy. Here, this group reports incorporating STING agonist MSA-2 and DOX in the separate layers of 3D-printed polymeric scaffold for effectively activating STING-IFNβ pathway, enhancing DAMPs release thereby suppressing postsurgical tumor recurrence and metastasis.

7T rs-fMRI uncovers functional abnormalities in drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Spatial transcriptomics links these to epilepsy-related genes (e.g., TMEM74, SCN8A) and pathways like mitochondrial function, offering key mechanistic insights into DRE.

Here the authors described the structure-based design of novel, selective RIPK3 inhibitors that do not induce on-target apoptosis by occupying a unique hydrophobic site and locking RIPK3 into an inactive conformation.

Designing efficient brain-inspired electronics remains a challenge. Here, Liu et al. develop a flexible perovskite-based artificial synapse with low energy consumption and fast response frequency and realize an artificial neuromuscular system with muscular-fatigue warning.

This study identifies lineage-specific XEG1/XLP1 gene pair in the genus Phytophthora, revealing that selective pressure on these genes drives functional differentiation. This selection is closely linked to the host range and adaptability of Phytophthora species.

By constructing a graph-based grapevine pangenome reference (Grapepan v.1.0) and incorporating structural variations and phenotypic maps, the study investigates the genetic basis of agronomic traits, empowering grapevine genomic breeding.

In this work, authors design novel protein condensation inhibitors (PCIs) targeting an allosteric site of cGAS, blocking DNA interactions and phase separation to suppress immune activation, and demonstrate therapeutic potential in inflammatory disease models.

The rise in highly pathogenic avian influenza cases elevates the risk of human-to-human transmission. Here, the authors develop an adjuvanted protein-based vaccine that elicits robust antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses in mice and non-human primates, suggesting its potential to induce protective immunity in humans.

SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease (3CL^pro) is essential for coronavirus replication and of great interest as an antiviral drug target. Here, the authors show that the naturally occurring flavonoid myricetin is a non-peptidomimetic and covalent inhibitor of 3CL^pro, and they solve crystal structures of 3CL^pro with myricetin and derivatives, which reveal that the pyrogallol group covalently modifies the catalytic cysteine.

The design of low-dimensional interface materials for perovskite solar cells is limited in the choice of the metal cation. By processing metal and ammonium halides together, Ye et al. expand the metal cation library for these interface materials.

A haplotype-resolved genome of hybrid sugarcane cultivar XTT22 and population analyses of Saccharum accessions highlight the genome evolution of allopolyploids and provide opportunities for sugarcane breeding.

Effective electrocatalyst is crucial in promoting CO₂ reduction to address current energy/environmental issue. Here, the authors develop bimetallic layered two-dimensional conjugated metal-organic framework to synergistically and efficiently electro-catalyze CO₂ to CO toward syngas synthesis.

Metal-ion-chelating phenylalanine nanostructures modulate ion influx and efflux in dendritic cells, activating them through the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathway to remodel the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment for PD-L1-based immunotherapy.

The sugarcane relative, Erianthus rufipilus, is one of the rare diploid species within the Saccharum complex. Its gap-free genome reveals centromere diversification, epigenetics of a palaeo-duplicated chromosome and evolution of Saccharum.

Authors find that freestanding single crystalline antiferroelectric PbZrO₃ membranes exhibit remarkable flexibility that can endure a maximum bending strain of 3.5%, with the assistance of mechanical-induced antiferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition.