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Treatment failure exists in Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) patients. Here this group reports a phase 2 randomized trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of adding nimotuzumab, to CCRT on 246 patients with untreated, non-keratinising, stage II–IVA LA-NPC.

Mutations in the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) cause spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Here, the authors report that estrildid finches naturally carry an analogous pathogenic mutation found in patients but avoid the syndrome by lowering a related receptor’s activity. Blocking this receptor successfully treats OHSS in mice.

Protein complexes are the machinery of life, yet mapping their structures across different species is challenging. This study presents an atlas of 1.1million cross-kingdom structures, revealing 181,671 high-confidence complexes that uncover new higher-order structures and evolutionary links.

Combining distinct confinement mechanisms can enable the engineering of novel electronic states. Here, the authors integrate a moiré potential with vertical quantum confinement in a heterostructure composed of twisted bilayer MoS₂ on (111)-oriented Bi nanofilms, revealing experimental signatures of a Wigner crystal.

Given the interest in extracellular vesicles there is a need for simple short scaffold proteins for efficient targeting and cargo loading. Here, the authors identify a candidate scaffold protein and find the truncated version allows for efficient loading which outperforms current scaffold proteins, demonstrating application in sepsis therapy.

Species’ varied responses to environmental change help stabilize ecosystems, yet quantifying these dynamics remains challenging. This study reveals that plankton in Lake Geneva exhibit time-varying response diversity that stabilizes biomass within but not across trophic levels.

The crystal structure of the CHS-CHIL complex reveals a gating mechanism that enhances CHS activity and specificity. This conserved regulatory paradigm, validated by engineering a CHIL variant, offers strategies to improve flavonoid production in plants.

The COMPASSION16 trial showed survival benefits of cadonilimab plus standard therapy in advanced cervical cancer. Here, subgroup analysis confirms consistent progression-free and overall survival improvements across diverse patient profiles.

Neuromorphic devices are currently constrained by their limited functionality. Zhi et al. report a ferroelectric heterostructure device that integrates Boolean, optoelectronic synaptic and photodetection operations, offering a pathway to realizing integrated sensing-memory-computing systems.

Biomass-derived hard carbon negative electrodes can cut cost, but properties vary by feedstock. Here, authors use data-driven intelligent carbonization to unify performance across diverse biomass, yielding high-capacity, long-life negative electrodes with lower footprints.

While previous studies of Kondo physics have largely focused on electronic properties, the authors here investigate magnon damping in the d-electron van der Waals magnet Fe₃GeTe₂. They observe logarithmic scaling of the damping at low temperatures and a minimum at an intermediate temperature, which they attribute to Kondo coupling between itinerant electrons and local moments.

Determining the optimal start of the growing season presents a fundamental dilemma for plants. This meta-analysis suggests that plants exhibit high freezing resistance (to -12 °C) and low lethal frost risk (safety margin of 17 °C) during spring emergence, indicating strong long-term evolutionary pressure.

Measurement-based quantum computing implements quantum algorithms by performing sequences of measurements on special classes of entangled states, such as cluster states. This approach has now been demonstrated on a superconducting quantum processor.

Bias-voltage-tuneable colloidal quantum dots junctions enable short-wave infrared hyperspectral imagers with megapixel spatial resolution and nanometre-scale spectral resolution for food quality monitoring and materials discrimination.

Voltage losses at the perovskite/C₆₀ interface limit the efficiency of perovskite solar cells. Mubai Li et al. design an electron-selective charge-transport self-assembled monolayer that balances electron extraction and the interfacial charge-carrier density.

A new method for performing genome-wide fine-mapping with functional annotations outperforms current methods across several metrics, including error control, mapping power, resolution, precision, replication rate and cross-ancestry phenotype prediction.

Planetary science is a rapidly growing research field in China. In March 2025, many hundreds of early-career planetary scientists gathered in Huangshan, China, to exchange the latest findings on this topic.

The existence of a long-lived, prethermal regime in many-body systems with tunable heating rates, driven by structured random protocols, is observed using a 78-qubit superconducting quantum processor.

Dong and colleagues report that blockade of T cell-expressed cytotoxic and regulatory T cell molecule results in selective mitigation of immune-related toxicities without affecting antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

The atomic-level structural determination of 1D porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is challenging. Here the authors resolve six 1D COFs via continuous rotation electron diffraction, revealing stacking details and achieving property enhancement via imine-to-imine transformation.

Here, the authors show that residues N490 and M492 of Hepatitis E Virus capsid protein are pivotal, albeit not exclusive, host tropism determinants of hepatitis E virus (HEV) for swine infection, which enhance the understanding of HEV’s zoonotic transmission and host specificity.

Prostate cancer heterogeneity limits the efficacy of current therapeutic approaches. Here, the authors develop two methods, snFLARE-seq and mxFRIZNGRND, using formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples for analysing the transcriptomic and metabolomic landscape of different anatomical origins.

In vivo base editing of a causative mutation that leads to the neurodevelopmental disorder Snijders Blok–Campeau syndrome restores protein dosage and ameliorates molecular and behavioural deficits in a humanized mouse model of the condition.

Achieving directional ion transport in thin membranes is desirable yet challenging. Here, authors demonstrate an ultrathin ferroelectric single-pore membrane that enables polarization-driven ion rectification and hysteretic responses under pH stimuli.

Previous de novo peptide sequencing is often limited by single protease-based experiments. Here, authors present the DiNovo software for high-coverage and high-confidence sequencing by using mirror proteases and deep learning.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

A clinical trial testing whether monitoring ctDNA clearance during treatment for nasopharyngeal cancer could be used to inform decisions about an individual’s subsequent therapeutic programme shows promising results.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Developing polymer composites which combine high strength, toughness, and impact resistance remains challenging. Here the authors propose a toughening strategy that integrates a trabecular interlock architecture with a stress-adaptive interface to enable efficient energy dissipation under mechanical loading.

The rational design of nanostructures based on RNA is an intriguing task, but the RNA type or the range of structures can be limited. Here, the authors report a method for RNA self-assembly based on packaging RNA, giving a series of differently shaped nanocages.

Photocatalytic four-component reaction is a green and efficient synthetic strategy. Here, the authors report a series of covalent organic frameworks via the photocatalytic four-component reaction, which are used for photocatalysis.

This study demonstrates that the reduced serum serine in patients with chemotherapy or women with poor sleep, is linked to the decline of ovarian function. Serine supplementation prevented ovarian damage in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis in ovarian granulosa cells, without affecting chemotherapy efficacy.

On-chip circularly polarized light (CPL) detectors are relevant for various applications, but current approaches have shown a trade-off between wide spectral detection range, high discrimination ratio and high polarization sensitivity. Here, the authors report broadband high-performance CPL detectors based on twisted black phosphorus structures.

This study introduces a two-stage electrochemical method for lithium recovery from spent LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ (NCM) batteries, achieving over 98% efficiency with nearly 50% less electric energy use via lattice oxygen oxidation and ion exchange.

The advancement of bioorthogonal bond-breaking chemistry requires precise spatiotemporal control over chemical reactions. Here, the authors introduce a stimuli-responsive click–release platform based on the reaction between mono-alkylhydroxylamine and cyclooctyne, enabling rapid and nearly complete payload release, and apply it to release of anticancer drugs and anaesthetics.

In this study, long-read RNA sequencing achieves accurate single-nucleotide polymorphism calling, haplotype phasing and allele-specific expression analysis.

Higher-order exceptional points in non-Hermitian systems enable extraordinarily sensitive detection, but require complex nonlinear gain. The authors show that frequency-dependent gain from simple impedance observers achieves a third-order exceptional point in a parity-time-symmetric dimer and a fifth-order exceptional point in an anti-parity-time-symmetric trimer, offering a practical route to enhanced sensing without nonlinear complications

The specific capacity of an important commercial cathode material, lithium iron phosphate, is much lower than its theoretical value. Hu et al. report that incorporation of electrochemically exfoliated graphene layers in a carbon coating improves capacity beyond that predicted by theory.

Dendrobium is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids. Here, the authors conduct comparative genome analysis for 24 chromosome-level genome assemblies and genome skimming sequencing data for 204 species in this genus, and reveal genomic variation, biosynthesis and evolutionary adaptation in Dendrobium orchids.

Cost-effective carbon is inherently selective for O₂-to-H₂O₂ conversion, yet challenged by insufficient activity and unclear active site identification. Here, the authors report surface-engineered carbon quantum dots that elucidate the active motifs and achieve high-rate H₂O₂ electrosynthesis.