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High-latitude soils are future soil organic carbon loss hotspots, with losses dominated by particulate organic carbon (POC). The fraction of POC in total SOC (f_POC) is a key indicator, emphasizing the climate importance of preserving POC.

Magnetic systems can exhibit flat bands where the magnon bands have little to no energy dispersion. Here, Luo, Chen, and coauthors show the nearly flat bands of the van der Waals antiferromagnet, CrOCl, and demonstrate quasi one-dimensional magnon transport.

Here, they develop optimized mouse testicular organoids that recapitulate key testicular functions and generate functional haploid germ cells, enabling the generation of normal fertile F2 offspring. These organoids can be used to model male infertility and screen for drugs that may prevent germ cell loss after chemotherapy.

Chen et al. report a crystal regulation strategy for 3D perovskites by using functional molecule to adsorb to specific perovskite facets and diminish random crystal facet-correlated defects, yielding pure-blue LEDs with emission peak at 473 nm, linewidth of only 14 nm, and efficiency of 14%.

Low efficiency and immunotoxicity limit rAAVs clinical use. Here, the authors show that encapsulating rapamycin in PF127 micelles modulates cellular biomechanics, enhancing AAV-mediated gene transfer while reducing immunogenicity demonstrating application in osteoimmunological disorders.

Maternal obesity is known to cause systemic lipid dysregulation, yet its effect on lipid reprogramming during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) remains unknown. Here, they show that obesity disrupts very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) storage in oocytes, impairing peroxisomal protein import in 2-cell embryos.

Water and oxygen jointly influence the oxidation of copper, but their respective roles are difficult to disentangle. Here, the authors show that hydroxyl species adsorb at the Cu/CuO_x interface, roughen the surface, and enable deeper oxygen penetration and higher Cu mobility.

CDK4/6 inhibitors response is limited by frequent resistance in hormone receptor– positive cancers. Here, the authors show that a super enhancer driven increase in aldehyde dehydrogenase creates a vitamin A/retinoic acid feedback loop that promotes resistance in breast and endometrial cancer.

Treatment failure exists in Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) patients. Here this group reports a phase 2 randomized trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of adding nimotuzumab, to CCRT on 246 patients with untreated, non-keratinising, stage II–IVA LA-NPC.

This meta-analysis by Luo et al. shows high rates of mental disorders among homeless children and youth—especially substance use and conduct disorders—revealing major global data gaps and an urgent need for targeted mental health support.

Telomere length varies across chromosome arms, but most studies measure only averages. Here, the authors use long‑read sequencing in >2,500 participants to map chromosome‑specific lengths, showing arm‑level variation, strong individual differences, and associations with aging and disease.

Neural mechanisms underlying social behavior are not fully understood. Here authors show two lateral septum neuron types in male mice that bidirectionally regulate social memory via distinct hippocampal-hypothalamic circuits.

Controlling plant metabolism to improve growth and disease resistance has huge potential. Here, the authors find a conserved pathway which promotes antiviral resistance and promotes plant growth and develop polyglutamate-loaded chitosan nanogels to manipulate this pathway.

Han et al. report a highly conductive composite electrode with low equivalent sheet resistance of 1.5 Ω sq-1. A self-masking method is developed to prevent shunting caused by uneven grid surfaces, enabling flexible organic solar cells with efficiencies of 15.20% (4 cm² devices) and 14.24% (16 cm² devices).

Perovskite–silicon solar cells rely on buffer layers that avoid damaging the perovskite, but common tin-oxide layers force thicker transport layers that increase optical loss. The authors replace this layer with thermally evaporated antimony oxide, enabling thinner C₆₀ and higher-efficiency perovskite–silicon solar cells.

The mid-infrared (MIR) range of the electromagnetic spectrum can be indirectly accessed by frequency upconversion. Here, authors propose a phase-matching-free scheme for broadband and efficient upconversion, covering wavelengths from MIR to ultraviolet with high-order harmonics generated from a NbOI₂ crystal. MIR imaging is demonstrated with a standard silicon camera.

This study identifies NAT10-mediated RNA ac4C modification as a key regulator of colonic epithelial aging. Through N4-acetylation regulation of DYRK1A, NAT10 promotes intestinal senescence, highlighting a potential therapeutic target for elderly-onset colitis.

Arginine addiction induced by argininosuccinate synthase (ASSN1) deficiency has been exploited to treat ASS1-deficient cancers. Here, the authors show an alternative therapeutic approach where ASS1 activity is increased by the pesticide spinosyn A and is shown to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation.

XA-Novo is a mass spectrometry–only de novo antibody sequencing workflow that reconstructs full-length antibodies from single samples or mixtures, enabling rapid sequence recovery and functional re-expression for antibody research and drug discovery.

Improving crop yield very often comes at the cost of crop quality and stress resistance. Here, the authors report that gene editing of the thiamine pyrophosphate riboswitch in rice leads to elevated levels of various vitamins and phytonutrients, as well as resistance to cold and blast disease without penalty on grain yield.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Global cropland subsoil hides a “biogeochemical engine” where crop roots, soil texture, nitrifier communities, and hydrological conditions interact to fuel nitrification, silently driving soil acidification and groundwater nitrate pollution.

A chromosome-level brachiopod genome reveals deep conservation of BMP-mediated dorsal–ventral patterning and neural inhibition, suggesting the spiralian ancestor retained the ancestral mechanism in bilaterians.

Deep brain stimulation is effective but invasive. Here, the authors develop an injectable conductive hydrogel that forms in situ and enables wireless neuromodulation under volume conduction via capacitive coupling, showing therapeutic potential in a Parkinson’s disease rat model

The authors propose here a computing-in-memory architecture based on tunable Gaussian like memory cells for processing Kolmogorov-Arnold networks, to achieve parallel computation with higher energy efficiency compared to general-purpose CMOS architectures.

By forming an electron reservoir in the centre of a gallium nitride nanowire p–n diode, a single two-terminal device can be created that offers sensing, memory and synaptic functionalities, and arrays of such devices can be used to denoise and identify optical images.

Photochargeable semiconductors offer a promising route to overcoming efficiency limits in photocatalytic transformations. Now it has been shown that zinc indium sulfide nanocrystals with a high charge storage capacity, combined with a nickel cocatalyst, enable highly selective and scalable amine dehydrogenative coupling with hydrogen evolution.

Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disease characterized by scarring and impaired function, with vascular endothelial cells playing a key role in disease progression. Here, the authors show that endothelial mechanosensitive PIEZO1 promotes fibrosis by activating the CAPN2-STAT3-IL-33 signaling axis, identifying a promising therapeutic target for treatment.

The incorporation of alkali metals in kesterite solar cells enables high efficiency but is challenging to control. Xu et al. show that combining Na and Li ions yields optimal phase formation, enabling efficient solar cells and modules.

Nanopore peptide sensing faces throughput, library preparation and analysis challenges. Here, the authors develop a high-throughput platform that integrates library preparation with AI analysis to accurately identify peptides, enabling antibody validation and protein identification.

NatD is an acetyltransferase responsible for N-α-terminal acetylation of the histone H4 and H2A and has been linked to cell growth. Here the authors show that NatD-mediated acetylation of histone H4 serine 1 competes with the phosphorylation by CK2α at the same residue thus leading to the upregulation of Slug and tumor progression.

The formation of α-phase formamidinium–caesium metal halide perovskites is hindered by limited Cs⁺ incorporation. He et al. use caesium 4-(diphenylphosphino)benzoate to enable efficient Cs⁺ doping and achieve solar cells with an efficiency of 26.6%.

Diabetes impairs bone healing through high blood sugar, inflammation, and disrupted bone remodelling. Here, Fu et al. develops a multifunctional hydrogel (AAT-ZCG) that responds to diabetic conditions to lower glucose, scavenge ROS, reduce inflammation, and promote bone repair.

Hot climates erode children’s sleep, threatening cognitive development with likely socioeconomic consequences. A global analysis finds potential links between future sleep losses and trillions of dollars in economic costs that disproportionately burden poorer regions.

Machine learning was used to screen a library of diverse lipids on the basis of their spatial conformation and identify an LNP formulation that enabled organ-targeted mRNA delivery and tumour suppression. The work highlights the critical role of ionizable lipid conformation in LNP engineering.

Conventional hemodialysis devices are limited by their need for large dialysate volumes, which restricts portability. This study introduces a dialysate-free wearable artificial kidney prototype that uses gas-permeable, blood-repellent membranes for vapor-gradient-driven water removal and integrated adsorption for toxin clearance, offering a promising technology for portable blood purification.

Xia, Zhang, Peng, Chen et al. find that Leydig cells and macrophages show bidirectional mitochondrial transfer through extracellular vesicles, ensuring Leydig cells have functional mitochondria. The exchange is needed for testosterone production.

Moiré superlattices are a versatile platform for studying emergent electron and quantum phenomena. Here, the authors demonstrate moiré superlattice formation in complex oxide-WS₂ heterostructures across varying twist angles.

Prodrug ionizable lipid nanoparticles co-delivering an effector T cell stimulant and a T cell exhaustion inhibitor eliminate primary and distal tumours, offering a potent strategy for combination cancer immunotherapy.

Achieving robustness against a dynamic physiological environment is a challenge for neuromorphic prostheses. An interface made of a self-healing hydrogel and electrodes acts as a physical reservoir of a neuromorphic prosthesis, achieving minimal susceptibility to physical damage.

Crystallizing the perovskite layer on thin tunnel oxide passivated contact silicon cells is challenging due to rapid heat transfer. Zhou et al. address this issue using a 2-mercaptobenzothiazole additive, achieving a tandem cell efficiency of 32.76%.