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Optical heterostructures have potential in integrated photonics and optoelectronics but are challenging to prepare in single-component systems. Here, the authors report an intrinsic optical heterostructure in an organic nanosheet, with enhanced fluorescence in an inner zone.

Papaya is a trioecious species with XX females, XY males, and XY^h hermaphrodites, and the combination of Y and Y^h chromosomes is lethal. Here, the authors identify the degeneration of the YY lethality gene on the Y chromosome as the causal balancing lethal factor that reenforces dioecy and stabilizes balanced sex ratios.

The longevity of leaves determines the overall duration of photosynthesis for plants. This study suggests that climate change drives leaf longevity convergence toward intermediate ranges, which, by altering leaf traits and enhancing photosynthetic capacity, strengthens ecosystem stability and is closely linked to vegetation diversity.

Recent studies have shown the potential of higher-order exceptional points originating from the Liouvillian dynamics as opposed to their Hamiltonian counterparts. Here, the authors explore different classes of third-order Liouvillian exceptional points in a two-level system realised in a single trapped ion.

The cellular makeup of the primate cochlea, crucial for hearing, remains poorly understood. Here, authors show a detailed map of primate cochlear cells, revealing both conserved and species-specific features.

Here the authors show a general method to make alkoxide-based network-forming glasses with tunable properties by combining titanium, zirconium and boron-based nodes, multi-dentate alcohol linkers and mono-dentate alcohol modulators.

Heart failure affects millions worldwide with limited treatment options. Here, the authors develop a biodegradable, self-powered vagus nerve stimulator that attenuates cardiac damage at different disease stages without requiring battery replacement or surgical removal.

Hepatokine FGL1 mediates liver-kidney crosstalk in renal fibrosis. Upregulated by circulating inflammatory cytokines post-injury, it binds ALK5 to potentiate TGF-β signaling and promotes fibrotic progression, presenting a promising target for CKD.

Here the authors report a phase 3 clinical trial showing that Ecnoglutide, designed as a cAMP-biased GLP-1R agonist, improved glycaemic control versus placebo in adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with diet and exercise alone or with a single oral hypoglycaemic agent.

Dissipative many body systems provide quantum-enhanced sensitivity to external near gap-closing points. Here, the authors demonstrate record sensitivity in a Rydberg-atomic platform in correspondence of folded hysteresis trajectories under external microwave driving

Here, the authors document the evolutionary dynamics of angiosperm pollen, using pollen morphology and time calibrated phylogeny. They identify two surges in pollen disparity in the mid-Cretaceous and Paleogene that are associated with environmental changes and important pollen adaptations.

Grain number per panicle (GNP) is a critical yield component trait of rice. Here, the authors clone a MAPKKK encoding gene GNP3 positively regulating grain yield and show its role in rice panicle development by interacting and destabilizing ethylene biosynthesis related enzyme SADENOSYLMETHIONINE SYNTHETASE 1.

Macrocyclization typically proceeds via thioesterase mediation in type I polyketide synthases. Now, using genome mining and crystallographic analysis, an alternative mechanism for stereoselective macrocyclization in the akaeolide biosynthetic pathway is reported. The mechanism is proposed to proceed via an iminium-catalysed tandem Michael addition and Knoevenagel condensation, using nuclear transport factor 2-like enzymes.

The synthesis of unprotected C-heteroaryl glycosides is challenging because of the lack of methods to utilize native saccharides as substrates. Now these compounds, capped as redox-active glycosyl sulfide donors, undergo C–C coupling with N-heteroarenes through a photoinduced, thiyl radical-mediated reaction with control over the chemo-, site- and stereoselectivity.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

A label-free imaging approach detects differences in NIR-II autofluorescence intensity between human liver malignancy and the adjacent tissue.

The authors conducted a genome-wide association study of bipolar disorder (BD) in Han Chinese and integrated PGC4 East Asian and European datasets, discovering 23 novel loci, prioritizing 39 credible risk genes and implicating BD-related cell types and druggable targets.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

A label-free, DNA-based proximity ligation assay that uses ligatable staple pairs enables the longitudinal quantification of DNA origami structural stability dynamics in vivo, with single-helix resolution for both wireframe and lattice designs.

The stability of interactions across trophic levels is crucial for ecosystem resilience but remains poorly understood. This study shows that loss of tree diversity destabilizes specialist herbivores, offering new insights into the mechanisms of pest outbreaks.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

Cascaded nonlinear optics has long enabled advances in short-wavelength generation, but equivalent approaches for long wavelengths remain underdeveloped. Here, the authors demonstrate a chip-based lithium niobate platform that delivers tunable mid-infrared light, opening new possibilities for sensing, spectroscopy, and communications.

Functional group interconversion, a pivotal synthetic technique for precise editing of molecular building blocks, is rare when facilitated by energy transfer catalysis. Herein, the authors report two instances of photochemical rearrangement of isonitriles, facilitated by energy transfer catalysis under visible light.

Iron-catalyzed C–C reductive coupling avoids sensitive reagents but struggles to build quaternary centers. Using phosphine-ligated Fe and carbonyl directing groups, this work enables tertiary–primary/secondary C(sp³) coupling under mild conditions.

Engineered inhalable exosomes deliver a bispecific T cell activator to pembrolizumab-resistant metastatic melanoma.

Symmetry breaking is key to numerous notable effects, for instance, the emergence of a Rashba interaction at interfaces between two materials. Here, Zhang, Ding, and coauthors succeed in breaking in-plane mirror symmetries via crystallographic engineering, and observe a giant non-linear Hall effect and current induced magnetization at room temperature.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

This study presents a two-step chemical reprogramming strategy that converts fibroblasts into functional retinal pigment epithelium cells, offering a safe and scalable alternative for vision restoration in retinal degenerative diseases.

The hydrocarbofunctionalization of alkenes represents one of the most efficient methods for generating complex products from simple starting materials. Here, the authors report a bulky β-diketone-ligand-enabled hydroarylation and hydroalkenylation of internal alkenes.

High-density dynamic random access memory is crucial for addressing the memory wall issue, yet its three-dimensional integration faces significant challenges. Liao et al. utilize a single-step self-aligned integration scheme, achieving 4 F² density and demonstrating 4-bit operation.

Lampreys are jawless vertebrates that can offer unique insights into vertebrate evolution. Here they generate a comprehensive cell atlas of the lamprey, uncovering 70 distinct cell types across 14 tissues, and identify pancreas-like cells in the lamprey small intestine.

B cell subsets expanding during tumor progression have been associated with impaired anti-tumor responses and resistance to immunotherapy. Here the authors report that STING agonism or anti-PD-1 induce intratumoral B cell infiltration, and that depleting B-cells improves response to immunotherapies in preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma.

To emulate nature biological processing, highly-integrated ultra-sensitive artificial neuromorphic system is highly desirable. Here, the authors report flexible sensor array of 1024 pixels using combination of carbon nanotubes and perovskite QDs as active matetials, achieving highly responsive device for reinforcement learning.

Aumolertinib is a third generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, approved for use in patients with advanced EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, the authors report a phase 2 clinical trial investigating neoadjuvant aumolertinib in patients with unresectable stage III EGFR-mutant NSCLC.

This study proposes a p-block metal coordination strategy to engineer the single-atom Fe sites for improving the selectivity of Fe^IV = O generation in peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based Fenton-like reactions

Genetic variants can influence the expression levels of proteins in different diseases. Here, the authors examine the blood proteome in common diseases to identify genetic variants associated with protein levels, and improve risk prediction.

Here the authors report that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of phosphoglycerate kinase 1, an enzyme involved in glycolysis, attenuates acute kidney injury in mouse models of acute kidney injury via inhibition of ferroptosis.

Möbius aromaticity extends the concept beyond Hückel systems, but examples are quite uncommon and typically display twisted topologies. Here the authors describe planar Möbius aromatic complexes, which contain 16 and 18 valence electron osmium centres.

Lu et al. characterize cis-regulatory element dynamics at different stages of colorectal cancer progression and identify a functional variant associated with increased colorectal cancer risk because of selective transcription factor binding.

Chen et al. reveal that plastisphere viral communities possess habitat-dependent potential for modulating global methane cycling. In aquatic environments, these viruses significantly promote methane emissions, emphasizing the significance of viruses in plastic pollution risk assessments.

Sepsis’s profound heterogeneity complicates prognosis and stratification. Here, the authors show that SepsisFormer and SMART, explainable AI models integrating coagulation–inflammation markers, enable outcome prediction, real-time risk assessment, and subgroup identification to guide sepsis therapy.

Subduction of sediment, derived from weathered continental crust, can enrich the mantle in critical metals and volatiles. Melting of such enriched mantle produces alkaline magmas that may form major rare-earth deposits.

Allenes are versatile substrates in synthetic chemistry. Now an iron catalyst enables unusual regioselectivity by mediating an electrophilicity reversal of allenes for stereoselective alkenylzincation reactions affording 1,4-diene zinc products.