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Here the authors show that marine diatoms produce tryptophanol, a molecule that at extremely low concentrations rapidly activates nitrogen assimilation genes and enzymes. This facilitates acquisition of nitrogen, a vital ocean nutrient.

Plants commonly experience root damage, but whether microplastics can enter roots via wounds is still unclear. This study suggests that microplastics can enter roots via wound entry mode and move to aerial parts, potentially contaminating plant-based foods and posing health risks.

LipoID profiles lipid droplet interactions and identifies interorganelle regulators.

Zhao et al. investigate the effects of rectal douching on the gut ecosystem in men who have sex with men. They show that rectal douching is associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis, disrupted microbial metabolite homeostasis, and compromised intestinal barrier integrity.

A short peptide derived from a commensal-fungal-secreted protein promotes repair in models of colon epithelial damage when delivered directly or via probiotic microbes.

A study provides mechanistic insights into the roles of phosphate transporters OsPht1;9 and OsPht1;10 in arsenic uptake and accumulation in rice and highlights their potential for enhancing food security.

Using sacrificial salts to enhance sodium-ion batteries is hampered by practical issues. Here, authors demonstrate a solvent-free dry-processing method that ensures complete salt decomposition for major gains in energy density and lifespan.

Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques in the brain. Here, Liu et al. develop a new method, Amyloid-ID, which uses light to label and analyze amyloid deposits in brain tissues, revealing their protein composition and associated molecules.

The authors conducted a genome-wide association study of bipolar disorder (BD) in Han Chinese and integrated PGC4 East Asian and European datasets, discovering 23 novel loci, prioritizing 39 credible risk genes and implicating BD-related cell types and druggable targets.

Quantum low-density parity-check error correction codes are anticipated to deliver high performance, but require long-range qubit–qubit interactions. Two of these error correction codes have now been successfully implemented on a superconducting device.

Peptide identification in proteomics data is improved using an efficient open search engine.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) shows immunotherapy resistance and has limited treatment options. Here the authors show that arachidonic acid, a ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, can induce pyroptosis and enhace anti-PD-1 therapy in an immunocompetent PDAC model.

Soil viruses may impact soil carbon cycle. Here, the authors use metagenomic analysis of contaminated soil and 13 C labeled microcosm incubation to show that the DNA viral community enhances microbial carbon fixation capacity via auxiliary metabolic genes.

Previous clinical studies suggested that Insulin-like growth factor binding-protein 7 (IGFBP7) is elevated in early stages of diabetes. Here authors showed tubule and glomerular-specific IGFBP7 promotes diabetic kidney disease.

Dissipative many body systems provide quantum-enhanced sensitivity to external near gap-closing points. Here, the authors demonstrate record sensitivity in a Rydberg-atomic platform in correspondence of folded hysteresis trajectories under external microwave driving

Combining spin-resolved ultrafast spectroscopy and calculations, Zhou et al. report weak exciton-phonon interactions in 2D tin iodide perovskites, alleviating excited state polaronic screening effect and robust excitons, comparing to their lead counterparts.

Sequencing of 144 ancient genomes from Shimao city and its satellites presents pedigrees among tomb owners spanning up to four generations showing predominantly patrilineal descent structure across Shimao communities, and possibly sex-specific sacrificial rituals.

RABV upregulates FBXL18, which stabilizes BST2 via K11-linked ubiquitination at Lys109/110, thereby activating NF-κB. FBXL18 knockdown effectively suppresses inflammation and virulence, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for rabies.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus has caused outbreaks in dairy cattle and cases in humans in the United States. Here, the authors assess levels of pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies to the epidemic virus strain in human serum samples collected in the United States.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly lethal, with treatment effectiveness, including immunotherapy, limited by immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This study identifies TNK2/ACK1 as a driver of immune evasion in pancreatic cancer via STAT5A-HVEM signaling that disables CD8⁺ T cells while TNK2 inhibition restores antitumor immunity and synergizes with anti-PD-1 and chemotherapy in PDAC models.

Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) attract increasing attention as porous materials. Despite the widely studied solid-state properties, little research has been done on the solution state. Here, the authors demonstrate that HOFs fragment into small particles while maintaining their original assemblies upon dispersing in solvents.

There is great interest in molybdenum disulphide for electronic devices but the mechanism of charge transport remains elusive. Qiu et al. find that sulphur vacancies introduce localized donor states within the bandgap, enabling low-carrier-density transport via hopping.

Using remineralization materials to grow hydroxyapatite crystals on the surfaces is a common strategy for the repair of early demineralized tooth enamels but often stabilizers used for reparation and storage slow down the mineralization process. Here the authors use glycerol stabilized calcium phosphate cluster, which can perform a fast enamel repair via water-triggered transformation.

To emulate nature biological processing, highly-integrated ultra-sensitive artificial neuromorphic system is highly desirable. Here, the authors report flexible sensor array of 1024 pixels using combination of carbon nanotubes and perovskite QDs as active matetials, achieving highly responsive device for reinforcement learning.

A circular RNA aptamer shows therapeutic efficacy in vivo in a psoriasis model.

Non-Abelian braiding—a candidate for realizing quantum logics—is demonstrated by controlling the geometric-phase matrix in a photonic chip, and its key characteristics are observed.

Genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses from a population of 295 diverse sweet-corn inbred lines provide insights into kernel quality formation mechanisms and the divergence of sweet corn and field corn.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has become the standard of care in patients with resectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-ESCC). Here, authors present a randomised phase II trial reporting the non-inferiority of neoadjuvant camrelizumab (anti-PD-1) and chemotherapy (nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin) compared to chemoradiation (nab-paclitaxel, cisplatin, and radiotherapy in patients with resectable LA-ESCC.

This study reveals that the varying responses of plant biomass to phosphorus addition across plant functional groups align with the leaf economics spectrum, with plants characterized by more acquisitive traits exhibiting stronger responses to phosphorus addition.

Tryptophan plays important biological roles in aromatic cages, such as methyllysine recognition, but the development of site-selective crosslinking to tryptophan is challenging. Now sulfonium can be used as a methyllysine mimic that binds to reader proteins and crosslinks tryptophan inside a pocket through single-electron transfer. This strategy enables the identification of methyllysine readers from the proteome.

cfDNA fragmentomics is a potential clinically applicable method for identifying cancer. Here, the authors assess fragmentomics analysis methods and their application to commercial targeted sequencing panels.

We carried out genomic and ecological analyses of all eight extant baobab species, providing insights into their evolutionary history and recommendations for conservation efforts.

This study demonstrates a WAKL4 receptor-like kinase that is rapidly and specifically induced by Cadmium. It reveals a unique mechanism conferred by the WAKL4-NRAMP1 module that enables plants to actively respond to Cadmium and limit its uptake.

Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) leads to significant morbidity and mortality, but early diagnosis remains challenging. Here the authors use single urinary extracellular vesicle proteomics to identify complement receptor CD35 as a biomarker for sepsis-associated acute kidney injury.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a contagious DNA virus causing lethal disease in swine. This study reveals structures of ASFV RNA polymerase bound to protein M1249L, showing its vital roles in regulating early transcription and packaging.