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Huot et al. investigate the differences in natural killer (NK) cells in lymph nodes during pathogenic and nonpathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of cynomolgus macaques and African green monkeys (AGMs), respectively. Their findings suggest that NK cells are specifically recruited to follicles in AGMs and regulate SIV replication in the lymph node.

The longevity of leaves determines the overall duration of photosynthesis for plants. This study suggests that climate change drives leaf longevity convergence toward intermediate ranges, which, by altering leaf traits and enhancing photosynthetic capacity, strengthens ecosystem stability and is closely linked to vegetation diversity.

This study detects Chlamydia pneumoniae in human retina and brain, increasing with AD severity. Retinal pathogen load with Aβ₄₂ may predict AD stage. In models, infection drives Aβ deposition and NLRP3 activation, worsening pathology and cognition.

Producing isolated single-photon emitters in hexagonal boron nitride with predefined spin transitions is challenging. Oxygen annealing enables the controlled fabrication of narrowband quantum emitters with optically active spin for quantum applications.

MK-7762 is a new oxazolidinone antitubercular agent that is structurally similar to linezolid, and demonstrated in vivo efficacy, lesion penetration and limited toxicity compared to linezolid, indicating it could be used in broad tuberculosis regimens.

Measles virus and canine distemper virus (CDV) are still causing health impairments in humans and animals. Here, the authors develop a synthetic antibody protecting ferrets from lethal CDV infections, providing a roadmap for antiviral drug design.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Zhu et al. find that aging causes region-specific myelin damage in the spinal cord, which is counteracted by enhanced TGFβ signaling in microglia, revealing a protective mechanism for healthy aging.

The authors conduct a national inventory on individual tree carbon stocks in Rwanda using aerial imagery and deep learning. Most mapped trees are located in farmlands; new methods allow partitioning to any landscape categories, effective planning and optimization of carbon sequestration and the economic benefits of trees.

A recently developed class of magneto-sensitive fluorescent proteins are engineered to alter the properties of their response to magnetic fields and radio frequencies, enabling multimodal sensing of biological systems.

The internalization of GPCRs is a key process that regulates their intracellular signaling. Here, the authors reveal the importance of β-arrestins in the internalization of 60 GPCRs and identify the β-arrestin-independent and -dependent mechanisms for GLP-1R internalization.

JWST observations of the ultra hot Jupiter WASP 121 b reveal helium escaping for most of its orbit, forming two giant tails moving in opposite directions. The results show how stellar radiation modifies planetary atmospheres.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells produce type I interferons in response to viral sensing. Here the authors show that amines inhibit these plasmacytoid dendritic cell responses through CXCR4 engagement.

DNA double-strand breaks endanger genome stability. Here, the authors present cryo-EM structures showing how Ku70/80 and DNA-PK bind DNA ends on nucleosomes, offering a mechanistic model for break recognition within chromatin.

In this work, functional antibodies against the cancer-related GPCR NTS1 were generated by immunizing chickens with in silico-designed 3D peptides, offering a strategy for GPCR targeting with potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

Plant mitoribosomes are crucial for mitochondrial protein synthesis. Here, authors use cryo-EM to determine high-resolution structures of cauliflower mitoribosomes, and combined with sequencing and mass spectrometry, identified 19 rRNA base modifications.

Optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio in time-resolved FRET through generation of agonist-responsive cell-surface receptor biosensors, including GABA_B receptors and EGFR, which are useful for monitoring conformational changes associated with receptor activation.

Via high-throughput imaging and tracking over 140 million single mycobacteria, the authors show that drug- and strain-specific killing predict treatment outcomes, with potential to improve drug development and personalized therapy.

Disordered metasurfaces can manipulate light in complex ways. Here, the authors reveal a critical packing regime where metaatoms begin to connect, causing abrupt changes in scattered light and colour.

A photoreceptor-controlled carbon metabolism pathway in microalgae has been discovered. Blue light, sensed by phototropin, dephosphorylates Phototropin-Mediated Signalling Kinase 1 (PMSK1), repressing starch accumulation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

A bivalent biparatopic nanobody penetrates the brain, binds to and potentiates the activity of homodimeric metabotropic glutamate receptor 2, correcting cognitive deficits in two preclinical mouse models with endophenotypes resulting from NMDA receptor hypofunction.

A comparison of the effects of different NAD⁺ boosters is lacking. This clinical study compares the efficacy of the NAD⁺ boosters NR, NMN and Nam in increasing circulating NAD⁺ levels and analyses their effects on gut microbial metabolism.

Trends in global H₂ sources and sinks are analysed from 1990 to 2020, and a comprehensive budget for the decade 2010–2020 is presented.

This study explores pathways of emissions and mitigation compatible with four climate boundaries—planetary boundaries for the climate system. The results highlight the importance of peak emission timing, limitation of carbon budgets as a sole indicator and trade-offs between mitigation options.

In this study, the heterodimeric GABA_B receptor, a class C G protein-coupled receptor for the neurotransmitter GABA, is found to be allosterically activated by mechanical forces in a GABA independent manner through a direct interaction with integrin.

The authors reveal that the C-terminal tail anchors of BCL-2 family proteins control BH3 binding and cell survival by allosteric regulation at the mitochondrial membrane, involving BAX recruitment and complex disruption upon BH3 mimetic antagonism.

Pathogenic variants in UNC13A underlie a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome, with three subtypes defined by distinct genotypes with varying clinical and functional impacts characterized in cellular and animal models.

The Arctic–boreal fire regime is greatly affected by biophysical and biological feedbacks from permafrost degradation, according to long-term observations of soil active layer thickness from 1997 to 2018 and causal inference modelling.

The use of harmful solvents to fabricate stable devices hampers the commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Here, the authors introduce a biorenewable solvent system and precursor-phase engineering to realize stable formamidinium lead triiodide-based solar cells.

Variants in the PSMC5 gene impair proteasome function and cellular homeostasis, altering brain development in children. This study reveals underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to this neurodevelopmental phenotype, and suggests therapeutic leads for neurodevelopmental proteasomopathies.

Optical spin defects in semiconductors are crucial for applications, but it is often difficult to establish their microscopic origin. A mechanism for the spin behaviour of a family of bright emitters in hexagonal boron nitride has now been identified.

Cavity-mediated interactions lead to collective effects and ordering in ultracold atomic systems. Here, the authors demonstrate the interplay of different ordered states of ultracold Fermi gases in a cavity, resulting from an intriguing coexistence of photon coupling with both atoms and atom-pairs.

The adhesion of meningococci to endothelial cells relies on type IV pili, which induce the formation of long tubular structures on the host cell membrane. Here, the authors show that the tubular structures accumulate and trap host membrane-associated proteins, which facilitates their interaction with bacterial ligands and the activation of adhesion and signaling receptors.

The function and position of organelles are pivotal for tumor cell dissemination. Here the authors use melanoma patient samples and animal models to show that peripheral localization of lysosomes promotes metastasis by favoring lysosome exocytosis and cell invasion.

The cool sub-Neptune LP 791-18 c, with an equilibrium temperature of 355 K, was found to host a hazy atmosphere, distinct from any other temperate sub-Neptune studied so far. The discovery demonstrates the intrinsic diversity of these worlds.

Lung adenocarcinomas bearing the ID2 mutational signature display increased LINE-1 retrotransposon activity, which contributes to their fast evolutionary dynamics and aggressive phenotype.

All insulators are electrostrictive: they expand or contract when subjected to an electric field. However, the sign of the electrostrictive coefficient and its relationship with the induced strain is more complex than previously thought.

Global leaf area has increased over the past four decades, raising hopes for its role in mitigating climate change through carbon uptake and cooling effects. This study shows that vegetation cover change, particularly tree cover gain in the Northern Hemisphere, plays a significant role in driving the greening trend.

HD5 induces filopodial extensions in epithelial cells that the pathogen Shigella exploits to facilitate invasion and infection.

Wave-mixing is investigated in a Josephson traveling-wave device supporting two modes of propagation. A phase-matched conversion process between counterpropagting waves is leveraged to implement a robust on-chip circulator and tunable coupler.

Soil carbon loss from human agriculture-related land use in the dry tropics largely offsets gains in northern lands, leading to a small net sink of 0.34 ± 0.30 PgC yr⁻¹ at a global scale.

This study reveals that caveolae and caveolin-1 form a front-rear asymmetry in migrating cells, coupling membrane tension to RhoA-GEF recruitment and activation. This mechanosensing feedback regulates cell polarity and promotes persistent migration.

Understanding superconductivity in low carrier density metals near polar quantum critical point, such as SrTiO3, has been challenging. Here, using inelastic neutron scattering, the authors reveal a correlation between the superconducting dome and the spatial length scale of polarization fluctuations.

Stress-induced amorphization has been observed in some systems as a plasticity mechanism. Here, simulations and microscopy reveal that stress-induced amorphization in forsterite exhibits the features of phase transformation plasticity.

Replication fork plasticity upon genotoxic stress is modulated by nuclear architectural components by elusive mechanisms. Here the authors implicate Lamin A/C – best known for its structural support of nuclear periphery – in the control of replication fork restart throughout the nucleus, by supporting heterochromatin establishment and ADP ribosylation levels at replication factories.

Whole-organ blood flow can now be mapped in three dimensions at micrometric resolution using ultrasound multi-lens matrix arrays, demonstrated here in the heart, kidney, and liver of large animals in vivo.

The authors propose a universal descriptor for thermal conductivity based solely on the atomic number in the primitive cell and sound velocity, enabling rapid and scalable materials screening.

Authors use subtle ground movements systematically associated with magma injections to develop an automatic alarm system. The ‘Jerk’ tool has been tested in real time at Piton de la Fournaise volcano with a success rate of 92% over 24 eruptions.