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This study applies generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and advanced transcriptome wide association study (TWAS) methods to improve the discovery of colorectal cancer risk transcription factors and genes, including potential druggable targets.

Here the authors report a phase 3 clinical trial showing that Ecnoglutide, designed as a cAMP-biased GLP-1R agonist, improved glycaemic control versus placebo in adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with diet and exercise alone or with a single oral hypoglycaemic agent.

Dissipative many body systems provide quantum-enhanced sensitivity to external near gap-closing points. Here, the authors demonstrate record sensitivity in a Rydberg-atomic platform in correspondence of folded hysteresis trajectories under external microwave driving

Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) was identified as a synthetic-lethal target in p53-deficient cancers through alterations in double-stranded RNA accumulation. A covalent small-molecule inhibitor of TDG exhibited potent efficacy against p53-deficient tumors.

Stone tools illustrate behavioural complexities in Middle Pleistocene hominin populations. Here, the authors present small dimensional flakes and hafted tools from Xigou, central China, dated to ~160–72 thousand years ago that demonstrate early, complex technological advancements.

An artificial intelligence-driven robotic chemist that integrates generative machine-learning models incorporating spectroscopic descriptors with automated experimentation is developed, enabling the inverse design of high-entropy catalysts and offering a generalizable strategy for the design of diverse complex materials.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

Natural salt lake brines contain various ions, making the selective extraction of KCl challenging. Here, the authors combine 3D covalent organic framework membranes with redox-mediated salinity gradient harvesting to enable the low-energy separation of anions and cations.

Diverse genomes of lytic phages are found in bacterial assemblies, challenging assumptions about the nature of the lytic lifestyle.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Xu et al. report that CDK10 drives immune evasion by reducing nucleic acid sensors-mediated innate immune response in tumor cells and that its inhibition improves response to immune-checkpoint blockade in preclinical cancer models.

Farmland- and service-scale managements synergistically reduce agricultural carbon emissions in China between 2005 and 2021 through effects of agglomeration, technology, and machinery, based on an analysis of panel data from 30 Chinese provinces

China’s cropland soil experienced acidification between the 1980s and about 2013 correlating with nitrogen fertilizer application patterns, followed by heterogeneous soil pH recovery, according to combined regional surveys and machine learning.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

Here, combining data from a clinical trial and animal models, the authors show a role for a gut-acylcarnitine axis in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension, and identify isovalerylcarnitine as a key microbiota-derived modulator and potential target for the precision prevention of hypertension.

Due to the complexity of controlling factors and the diversity of reaction components, accurately delineating the bond formation mechanisms for copper-catalyzed radical transformations poses a challenge. Here, the authors reveal the linear free energy relationships for the C–C bond formation of Cu-catalyzed radical transformations.

Distributed quantum sensing typically requires shared reference frames to coordinate measurements. Here, authors develop a reversed-encoding protocol that circumvents this requirement, enabling Heisenberg-limited precision in quantum networks without frame alignment.

The study finds elevated CO₂ reduces methylmercury production across 45 freshwater lakes spanning 1200 longitudinal kilometers, specifically 54–96% in eutrophic ones, by shifting methanogenic pathways, highlighting the need to integrate climate drivers for methylmercury risk predictions.

An efficient and stable Cu-18Zn-8Al-0.3V-0.3Si shape memory alloy for elastocaloric refrigeration has been developed. Its high performance stems from a unique composition-modulated microstructure that promotes the formation of non-twinned martensite.

Inhibition of SNO-USP16 at the C731 site represses ubiquitination and degradation of KDM1A protein to epigenetically activate GCLM and GLS, which maintains GSH homeostasis and relieves CME-induced myocardial injury.

Germano-silicate used as a building material for integrated photonics circuits substantially reduces optical losses, approaching levels comparable to those in optical fibres.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

The realization of high efficiency and negligible roll-off simultaneously for blue organic light-emitting diodes remains challenging. Here, the authors incorporate carbazole building blocks into rigid boron oxygen framework and achieve a maximum efficiency of 41.2% for sensitizer-free devices.

Endocytosis of TFR1 plays a crucial role in extracelluar iron uptake. Here the authors revealed that PKCβII facilitates the endocytosis of TFR1 and increases cellular iron levels through the phosphorylation of AAK1, thus promoting ferroptosis of tumor cells.

Phonon engineering with anisotropic Lorentz-type dielectric oscillations enables the creation of hyperbolic asymptotic line polaritons, achieving broadband diffraction-free propagation.

Wide-bandgap materials are attractive for x-ray detectors, but they face issues with scalable fabrication and cost. Here, a high-performance x-ray detector based on solution-processed quasi-two-dimensional gallium is fabricated via a liquid metal nano-printing technique.

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) typically exhibits a negligible electrocaloric effect, while the derived ferroelectric terpolymers are expensive and have a narrow temperature window. Here, the authors report that poly(vinylidene fluoride) films prepared by solid-phase pressure forming show a giant electrocaloric effect over a wide temperature window.

Developing an energy-efficient method to transform the chemically inert CO₂ into methanol is a key goal in sustainable chemistry. Here, the authors introduce an indirect route for methanol production at temperatures below 100 °C, using CO₂-derived dimethyl carbonate as an intermediate molecule.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

Here the authors report that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of phosphoglycerate kinase 1, an enzyme involved in glycolysis, attenuates acute kidney injury in mouse models of acute kidney injury via inhibition of ferroptosis.

Dendrobium is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids. Here, the authors conduct comparative genome analysis for 24 chromosome-level genome assemblies and genome skimming sequencing data for 204 species in this genus, and reveal genomic variation, biosynthesis and evolutionary adaptation in Dendrobium orchids.

Integrated optical frequency combs are powerful tools for optical spectroscopy. Here, authors demonstrate low-power, detectable-rate soliton microcombs from telecom to visible bands, including wavelength-multiplexed operation, using ultra-low-loss silicon nitride waveguides.

The development of macrocyclic hosts with high-affinity 1:2 recognition capabilities is crucial for its applications. Here, the authors introduce enantiopure chiral macrocycles with remarkable 1:2 recognition properties in water comparable to those of cucurbit[8]uril.

Twisted two-dimensional materials are materials with fascinating properties. Here, the authors report on the incorporation of a crystallographically incompatible rotation element into two dimensional polymers to construct twist-stacked covalent organic framework nanofibers with interesting chiroptical properties.

Here, in a study of over 6,000 women across China, the authors show that Mycoplasma hominis infection strongly influences vaginal microbiota and is linked to higher risk of cervical lesions, highlighting its importance in women’s reproductive health.

Serotonin (5-HT) and its derivative melatonin are versatile physiological regulators. Here, the authors report that abscisic acid induces 5-HT biosynthesis via the ABI5 transcription factor in rice.

Low-frequency quasiperiodic oscillations in X-ray data are thought to trace the accretion flow in X-ray binaries. Here, the detection of 200 keV oscillations probes the innermost regions of MAXI J1820+070, revealing the precession of a small-scale jet.

Electrofusion enables membrane fusion but struggles with lipid nanoparticles. Here, the authors present a nanofabrication platform that combines microfluidics with microelectrode arrays, achieving efficient, controlled nanoscale electrofusion of LNPs for effective siRNA delivery

Influenza B/Yamagata lineage has rarely been detected since COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions were introduced, while transmission of other influenza lineages resumed. Here, the authors investigate reasons for the probable extinction of the B/Yamagata lineage by analysing viral, environmental, and host-related factors.

Here, the authors show that mechanical loading promotes subchondral bone osteocytes to secrete extracellular vesicles containing miR-23b-3p, which accelerates osteoarthritis progression by inhibiting mitophagy and disrupting cartilage metabolism.