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Using intracranial electroencephalography from patients with epilepsy during spatial attention tasks, this study shows that high-frequency bursts facilitate fast communications in brain networks and support attentional information routing.

The study highlights potential mechanisms of serotonin modulating consciousness and perception, indicating enhanced top-down processing during altered states.

Recent work has demonstrated that the relationship between brain and body mass across mammals is curvilinear. Here, the authors demonstrate this curvilinearity across 4679 species, spanning multiple major animal classes. They show that it is caused by systematic changes in allometry within species leading to macroevolutionary patterns.

Cas12a3 nucleases constitute a distinct clade of type V CRISPR–Cas bacterial immune systems that preferentially cleave the 3′ tails of tRNAs after recognition of target RNA to induce growth arrest and block phage dissemination.

TGF-β is a latent complex (L-TGF-β). Latency is conferred by a homodimeric prodomain with a previously undefined domain architecture. Here we define the architecture of the prodomain as domain-swapped providing structural insights into the mechanism of activation of L-TGF-β.

Möhring et al. assess the expected effects of a global transformation of agricultural pest management. They find positive contributions to multiple sustainability challenges, assess drivers and discuss necessary steps for a transformation.

Results from the phase ELAD 2 trial reveal that liraglutide is safe and well tolerated in people with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease but does not significantly slow brain metabolism decline.

Badkul et al. develop eMOSAIC, a method that improves drug discovery by accurately predicting the interaction mechanics of various compounds with multiple proteins.

Lung adenocarcinomas bearing the ID2 mutational signature display increased LINE-1 retrotransposon activity, which contributes to their fast evolutionary dynamics and aggressive phenotype.

Gubela et al. calibrate an adaptive agent-based model with intra-host dynamics to investigate the 2022 Mpox outbreak dynamics in Berlin. Behavioral change and infection-induced immunity are the main reasons for outbreak decline, while the effect of vaccination is marginal.

NutriSighT, an interpretable AI transformer model, accurately predicts which mechanically ventilated ICU patients are at risk of underfeeding, enabling clinicians to personalize nutritional care

Epigenetic clocks estimate biological age and health risks. Here, the authors compare 14 clocks in 18,859 individuals, showing second-generation clocks better predict disease incidence and mortality, particularly for respiratory and liver-related conditions.

Topological systems are limited to low dimensions. Here, authors unveil the topology of orbital angular momentum in two-dimensional skyrmion textures, connecting them to ’t Hooft-Polyakov magnetic monopoles, and in higher dimensions, uncovering a topological spectrum of 17000 invariants.

Methods used to date a network of marine sediment cores reveal that rapid retreat of the Ross Ice Shelf was contemporaneous with the lowering of nearby outlet glaciers, implicating warm ocean waters as a driver of Antarctic deglaciation.

Xenotransplantation of a genetically edited pig kidney with a thymic autograft into a brain-dead human for 61 days with immunosuppression resulted in stable kidney function without proteinuria, and xenograft rejection was treated and reversed by the end of the study.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) variability and its phenotypic consequences aren’t well studied in relation to viral replication fitness and disease severity. Here, the authors identify a replication-enhancing domain in non-structural protein 5A, linking high replication fitness to severe disease outcomes, with implications for understanding HCV pathogenesis in immunocompromised patients.

This scenario study investigates how the EU net-zero target can be reached with varying levels of residual fossil fuels. Reducing fossils by only 90% relies on substantial carbon storage, while a full fossil phase-out requires a rapid scale-up of expensive carbon-neutral e-fuels.

A dynamic interconversion of three nickel states in lithium nickel oxide is demonstrated using evidence from x-ray spectroscopic data and first-principles calculations, which explains many physical properties of this and similar materials.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

The impact of tumour heterogeneity on metastatic potential in prostate cancer remains poorly understood. Here, the analysis of single nuclei RNA sequencing and whole-genome sequencing from samples from five patients suggests an interplay between clonal evolution and cellular plasticity driving metastatic seeding.

This study demonstrates that the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the developing brain stabilizes recently born synapses. The authors identify a microglial metalloprotease that digests the ECM to increase the plasticity of these newborn synapses.

Satellite records reveal that Southern Ocean phytoplankton responds in contrasting ways to marine heatwaves and cold spells. These opposing impacts vary sharply by region, exposing distinct ecological sensitivity to climate-driven extremes.

Wastewater-based surveillance tends to focus on specific pathogens. Here, the authors mapped the wastewater virome from 62 cities worldwide to identify over 2,500 viruses, revealing city-specific virome fingerprints and showing that wastewater metagenomics enables early detection of emerging viruses.

Together with a companion paper, molecular details of immune responses in a pig-to-human xenotransplantation are identified through dense longitudinal multi-omics profiling of the xenograft and the host recipient, across the 61-day procedure.

Psoriasis is a difficult to treat chronic skin condition that could be limiting to quality of life. Here, authors present results of the phase 2 randomized clinical trial KNOCKOUT (NCT05283135) in which they treated patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis with higher-than-approved doses of risankizumab, an interleukin-23 inhibitor, to show high skin clearance rates and decreased tissue resident memory T cell numbers in the lesional skin.

The microbial metabolite trimethylamine (TMA), the precursor of TMAO, which is associated with adverse cardiometabolic outcomes, is shown to have beneficial metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects in the host in the context of obesity.

Upfront and lifetime costs often prevent EV adoption. Vaishnav and colleagues find that using EV batteries to shift the time of electricity purchases for other household uses can cut both owners’ electricity costs and greenhouse gas emissions.

Across 13 longitudinal studies (3,737 adults), the authors show that brain atrophy parallels memory loss, with a stronger coupling in later life. APOE ε4 increases decline, yet genetic risk does not modify the brain–memory relationship.

Hammerhead is a compact high-voltage vacuum bushing designed, simulated, and tested to 330 kV. It significantly increases voltage holdoff per volume compared to other designs and operates stably at 300 kV with leakage current below 10 μA without requiring ultra-high vacuum or polishing.

Primary angle-closure glaucoma can cause blindness. Here, the authors study populations of Asian and European ancestries and find that genetic factors associated with darker irises and being far sighted increase the risk of developing the condition.

As Nature Aging celebrates its fifth anniversary, the journal asks some of the researchers who contributed to the journal early on to reflect on the past and the future of aging and age-related disease research, the impact of the field on human health now and in the future, and what challenges need to be addressed to ensure sustained progress.

Synthetic receptors are a powerful approach for engineering cell-based therapies that can sense and respond to their environment. Here cytokine receptor domains have been repurposed to develop engineered T cells that can sense and respond to cues associated with cancer or immune dysfunction.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of vision loss with a large genetic risk in older individuals. Here, for a high-risk AMD subtype, the authors identify an association with a chromosome 10 risk region containing a long non-coding RNA.

The authors find that TDP-43 loss of function—the pathology defining the neurodegenerative conditions ALS and FTD—induces novel mRNA polyadenylation events, which have different effects, including an increase in RNA stability, leading to higher protein levels.

Current single-cell RNA sequencing methods struggle to comprehensively profile transcriptomes, with many lowly expressed transcripts remaining undetected. Here authors present a workflow for enhancing the detection of both transcripts and regions of interest in combination with a standard transcriptome profile.

A combination of high-resolution spatial imaging, spatial proteomics and transcriptional data reveals sparse and heterogeneous bacterial signals in gliomas and brain metastases.

Researchers develop a new way to selectively remove ion channel proteins by recruiting the body’s own NEDD4-2 enzyme using custom nanobodies, offering a precise and general strategy for future drug development.

Hepatocyte organoids derived directly from human tissue enable long-term hepatocyte expansion and can be combined with portal mesenchyme and cholangiocyte organoids to form a donor-specific periportal liver assembloid system.

This resource presents an open per-building dataset of rooftop solar photovoltaics potential for the European Union. The results show that potential capacity could cover approximately 40% of electricity demand in a 100% renewable scenario for 2050.

Here authors report dopamine D2 receptor-driven mediation of striatal acetylcholine signaling regulates cocaine consumption by activating muscarinic M4 receptors in medium spiny neurons and controlling KAT5 expression and histone H4K8 acetylation.

The authors found that the Alzheimer’s disease-associated protein tau, widely considered pathogenic when hyperphosphorylated, has a natural function as part of the innate immune system in the brain and can protect against herpes simplex virus 1.

A post hoc analysis of a multicentre, randomised trial showed that prediabetes remission is possible without total weight loss—providing weight is distributed to subcutaneous deposits as opposed to visceral ones.

Pan-expansion microscopy of tissue combines staining of proteins and lipids with immunolabeling.

Risk stratification in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains challenging. By combining multiplex immunofluorescence, H&E histology, and AI, the study identifies spatial “cell-niche” patterns that enhance survival prediction beyond UICC8 staging. These patterns reclassify many stage I patients as high risk, revealing potentially undertreated cases and establishing spatial tumor microenvironment features as clinically actionable biomarkers.

Sodium-ion batteries are promising low-cost alternatives to lithium-ion systems yet limited by underperforming anodes. This Review highlights advances and challenges in hard carbon and alloy-based anodes, outlining design strategies to boost capacity, stability and commercial viability of next-generation high-energy sodium-ion batteries.