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Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

High-latitude soils are future soil organic carbon loss hotspots, with losses dominated by particulate organic carbon (POC). The fraction of POC in total SOC (f_POC) is a key indicator, emphasizing the climate importance of preserving POC.

Antibody mediated prevention (AMP) trials with the broadly neutralizing antibody VRC01 showed protection against VRC01-sensitive viruses. Here, by deep sequencing plasma samples from 172 participants of the AMP trials, the authors show a high frequency of multilineage HIV infections (38%), including coinfection with both sensitive and resistant viruses, and demonstrate that VRC01 doesn’t alter the transmission bottleneck.

Neighborhood social determinants of health influence cardiovascular risk, but early-life exposure effects remain unclear. Here the authors show that higher early adulthood neighborhood social determinants of health indices are associated with higher middle-aged coronary artery calcification.

The cellular origin and developmental trajectory of DICER1 syndrome-associated tumors are currently unknown. Here, the authors employ a lineage-traceable genetically modified mouse model for DICER1 syndrome to identify universal fibroblasts as the likely cellular origin of mouse Dicer1 sarcoma and map their developmental trajectory, findings that are validated in human DICER1 mesenchymal tumors.

Coronary artery disease has several genetic risk factors. Here, the authors develop a model that combines germline and somatic genetic drivers to predict coronary artery disease risk, identifying high-risk individuals not detected by polygenic risk scores alone.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

FOXA1 is a master suppressor of prostate cancer tumorigenesis and lineage plasticity. Here, the authors discover that FOXA1 loss in mice drives basal-squamous de-differentiation and remodels the tumor microenvironment characterized by immunosuppressive myeloid cell accumulation and T-cell dysfunction.

This study identifies extensive lateral interdigitations in the kidney’s ascending thin limb and demonstrates that Claudin-10b regulates both epithelial architecture and urine-concentrating function in this distinct nephron segment.

The transcriptome and proteome provide complementary information about the cellular phenotype, state and function. Here, the authors introduce SPARO, a method that enables simultaneous profiling of cell type-specific transcriptomes and proteomes in vitro and in vivo by leveraging TurboID-based biotinylation of RNA-interacting cytosolic proteins to enrich both proteins and associated RNAs.

Membrane-based separation methods are promising for ion extraction, though current commercial membranes have unfavorable selectivity among similar ions. Here the authors design a crown-ether based membrane for preferential separation of potassium ions in mixtures of monovalent and divalent cations.

The magnetospheric cusp is a key solar wind– magnetic field interface. Here, the authors show that Saturn’s cusp has a pronounced dawn–dusk asymmetry, with signatures reaching the postdusk region, unlike Earth’s near-noon cusp.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

This study introduces CAMPER, a mechanistic artificial intelligence platform for designing antimicrobial peptides targeting MRSA. CAMPER identified a stable peptide that eradicates MRSA biofilms and persister cells and was active in mouse infection models.

Atopic dermatitis is an immune disease driven by cytokines including IL-4/IL-13. This study shows that a topical ITK/TRK inhibitor blocks an array of T cell cytokines, inhibits NGF-induced basophil activation, and reduces inflammation in human skin explants and dermatitis models, indicating therapeutic potential.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

Links between type 1 diabetes and neurocognitive traits remain unclear. Here, the authors integrate genetic and single‑cell epigenomic data to show brain‑cell, especially microglial, involvement and identify shared genetic mechanisms connecting diabetes with cognition and neuropsychiatric risk.

Drivers of fungal metabolic diversity are incompletely understood. Here, the authors conduct a global genomics study of over 1,000 pathogenic fungi to show that geography shapes the metabolic diversity in Aspergillus flavus revealing how climate drives fungal chemical adaptive evolution.

The authors uncover a noncanonical role for Arabidopsis POT1b in maintaining genome stability through ROS regulation, establishing an unexpected connection between telomere biology and cellular oxidative stress.

The authors have applied an eight-tissue rat multi-omic dataset to analyze the gene regulatory landscape of endurance exercise training, identifying tissue-specific regulatory patterns involved in muscle function, metabolism and immune response.

A study of reproducibility in a stratified random sample of 600 papers published from 2009 to 2018 in 62 journals spanning the social and behavioural sciences finds higher reproducibility among more recent papers and papers from journals that require data sharing.

Sialic acid O-acetylation occurs in the Golgi apparatus and is catalyzed by CASD1, a multi-pass transmembrane protein. Here, the authors reveal that SLC33A1 delivers acetyl-CoA to the luminal catalytic domain of CASD1, while a catalytic transmembrane tunnel enables SLC33A1-independent O-acetylation.

Colonic stem cells retain a memory of inflammation following disease resolution and there is a mechanistic link between chronic inflammation and malignancy, suggesting potential strategies to mitigate cancer risk in patients with chronic inflammatory conditions.

Stable and cell-specific transgene expression can be achieved through in vivo site-specific integration of large DNA payloads using a two-vector system of enveloped delivery vehicles and adeno-associated viruses.

Tracking oceanic microbial populations in situ over time is challenging. Here, the authors use autonomous underwater vehicles to show how microbes at the deep chlorophyll maximum respond to diel cycles and isopycnal uplift by a cyclonic eddy.

ATF6α activation in human and preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma is significantly associated with an aggressive tumour phenotype characterized by reduced survival, glycolytic reprogramming and local immunosuppression.

Findings suggest that neural crest fate bias predominantly emerges within the neural tube, and that only a minor subset of delaminated progenitors retain multipotency to generate both sensory and sympathetic derivatives.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

The human genome contains approximately 800 G proteincoupled receptors (GPCRs), all characterized by a common 7-transmembrane domain architecture. Here, the authors show that PKD1, an 11-transmembrane protein with a noncanonical transient receptor potential (TRP) channel architecture, functions as a GPCR with unique biochemical properties.

Stereospecific coupling of boronic esters catalysed by a copper acetylide complex provides simplification of the synthesis of chiral building blocks for complex molecules.

The paper reports a scalable, chemical-free plasma process that converts methane and water into high-purity, single-layer graphene oxide while co-producing hydrogen, cutting greenhouse emissions, and lowering cost compared with conventional methods.

Post-translational redox modification of protein cysteine residues has emerged as a mode of immune cell regulation. Now, a deep redox proteomics study identifies redox-regulated and druggable cysteines in immunological proteins.

At Jupiter, isolated auroral patches have long been linked to particle injections from the magnetosphere. Here, the authors show that plasma waves can also scatter electrons into the atmosphere, triggering precipitation and producing aurora.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

The tolerogenic activity of type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) is determined by EPOR, which is preferentially expressed in cDC1s and induces antigen-specific FOXP3-expressing regulatory T cells.

The first-in-human clinical trial of the LRRK2-targeting antisense oligonucleotide BIIB094 in Parkinson’s disease demonstrates that the treatment is well tolerated and produces dose-dependent reductions in cerebrospinal fluid levels of LRRK2 and phosphorylated Rab10, indicating successful target engagement.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Non-Abelian topological insulators have been realized on transmission lines and acoustic systems, whereas their implementation at optical frequencies remains elusive. Here, the authors propose a minimal model for non-Abelian topological insulators and experimentally demonstrate a six-band system in a photonic waveguide array, at around 800 nm.

In this study, the authors examine the potential shared genetic vulnerability across externalizing traits related to substance use and to substance use disorders.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Using plasma proteome profiles from over 53,000 UK Biobank participants, Zhang et al. examined proteins associated with suicidal behavior and investigated pathways that could explain the association

Most patients with B-cell leukemia respond to chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T) therapy, yet many relapse due to loss of CAR T function. Here, the authors show that the metabolism of CAR T from short- and long-term responders is different, which may explain why CAR T lose functionality.

ECM1, a key mediator of extracellular matrix–mitochondrial crosstalk, modulates mitochondrial function through a mechano-metabolic pathway to mediate kidney fibrosis.

Analysis of clinical trial data suggests that CDK4/6 inhibitors prevent the expansion of TP53-mutant clones in the blood, potentially mitigating the risk of secondary myeloid neoplasms in patients treated with cytotoxic drugs.

The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory demonstrates evidence of spin correlations in \(\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\) hyperon pairs inherited from virtual spin-correlated strange quark–antiquark pairs during QCD confinement.

Specialized σ factors interact with nuclease-dead, CRISPR–Cas12f proteins to form potent, RNA-guided gene activation systems that function independently of fixed promoter motifs.

Existing nickel-catalysed enantioconvergent cross-coupling methods largely rely on Ni(I)/Ni(III) manifolds. Now, a mechanistically distinct platform involving a Ni(II)/Ni(IV) redox cycle enables highly enantioselective difluoromethylation of unactivated alkyl iodides.

Smyth et al. demonstrate that a cellular inhibitor of apoptosis, cIAP2, exacerbates inflammation and cardiac injury after myocardial infarction and that its inhibition, either genetically or via Smac mimetics, offers a promising immunotherapeutic strategy to reduce post-MI damage and progression to heart failure.

Off-the-shelf, on-demand allogeneic CAR-T cells could represent a therapeutic alternative to autologous products for cancer therapy. Here the authors report the preclinical characterization of off-the-shelf CRISPR-Cas9– edited IL-13Rα2-specific allogeneic universal CAR-T cells and the results of a first-in-human phase I trial in patients with high-grade glioma.