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Treatment failure exists in Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) patients. Here this group reports a phase 2 randomized trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of adding nimotuzumab, to CCRT on 246 patients with untreated, non-keratinising, stage II–IVA LA-NPC.

A distinct lipid-laden subset of monocyte-derived macrophages regulates hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration in injured livers, via CD36-mediated signalling.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) contribute to tissue repair and regeneration by activating pro-repair macrophages. However, the precise signaling governing this crosstalk upon injury is elusive. Here, using a mouse model of endovascular injury and single-cell RNA sequencing, the authors identify an IL-33–ST2–OPN axis that orchestrates the functional interaction between MSCs and reparative ST2+ macrophages, stimulating vascular smooth muscle cell and vascular repair.

The crystal structure of the CHS-CHIL complex reveals a gating mechanism that enhances CHS activity and specificity. This conserved regulatory paradigm, validated by engineering a CHIL variant, offers strategies to improve flavonoid production in plants.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Introducing cost-effective CaO removes aluminium impurities in magnesium vapour with over 90% efficiency, enabling the affordable, large-scale production of high-purity magnesium with low aluminium.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

You, Hu et al. discover a population of COTL1^high NK cells regulated by GITRL⁺ macrophages and demonstrate their functional importance in mediating anti-tumour immunity in cancer with impaired tumour-specific MHC-I expression.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

Supplementation with BSH-enriched Lactobacillus paragasseri LPG-9 remodels the bile acid profile in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, activating placental TGR5 to inhibit TLR4-NF-κB signaling and promoting hepatic bile acid excretion via BSEP.

Multi-platform satellite observations document six decades of glacier mass balance variability across High Mountain Asia (HMA). Heterogeneous rates of ice loss reflect regional climatic differences, but ice loss is now pervasive across HMA even in regions formerly exhibiting slight mass gains.

Functionalization of ZnTeSe quantum dots via ordering arrangement and energy-level modulation enables deep-blue quantum dot light-emitting diodes with a peak external quantum efficiency of 23.6% and a half-lifetime exceeding 50,000 h at an initial luminance of 100 cd m⁻².

Hong-Xuan Lin, Ji-Ping Gao, Jun-Xiang Shan and colleagues show that natural variation in a proteasome α2 subunit gene contributes to thermotolerance in African rice. Their follow-up studies suggest that the variant allele protects cells from heat stress by enhancing the elimination of cytotoxic denatured proteins and maintaining heat-response processes.

Researchers identify FOXJ3 variants in focal epilepsy and cortical dysplasia and show that FOXJ3 regulates neuronal migration and cortical layer formation by controlling the PTEN–mTOR pathway; disruption of this process leads to abnormal brain development.

Transient glaciation simulation during the last 3 Ma highlighted that extensive valley glaciations over High Mountain Asia began from 1.5 ~ 0.9 Ma, but the exact timing diverges across monsoonal- and westerly-influenced regions.

The transition between the weak lithosphere of the Tibetan plateau and the surrounding rigid crustal blocks has a key role in the ongoing collision between India and Asia. A reanalysis of existing magnetotelluric data suggests that crustal melt penetrates north from the Tibetan plateau beyond the Kunlun Fault, and weakens the crust beneath the Kunlun Shan.

TRIP6 phosphorylation triggers a signalling cascade that promotes glycolysis in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cells. The resulting lactate accumulation drives extracellular lactylation of CD44 on CD8⁺ T cells, thereby compromising their anti-tumour activity.

Temporal profiling of central carbon metabolism during Kras^G12D-driven acinar-to-ductal metaplasia reveals that disruptions in NADPH-producing enzymes accelerate the formation of pancreatic precancerous lesions.

Low-smoke fuels used for residential heating emit greater numbers of hazardous ultrafine particles, and therefore contribute more to particle deposition in the lungs, than other fuel combinations, highlighting the need to revise air quality standards to address these health risks.

This study identifies 245 genetic loci associated with head-to-body ratios using 38,202 bone density scan images from the UK Biobank, revealing genetic links to skeletal and brain development, disease susceptibility, and human evolutionary adaptation.

This study leverages plasma proteomics from over 50,000 individuals to build organ-specific aging models and uncover underlying genetic mechanisms. It also investigates causal links between organ aging, diseases, and lifestyle, providing insights for promoting healthy longevity.

Positive glacial regulatory processes could mitigate approximately 236–255 gigatonnes of glacier water loss across High Mountain Asia in the 21st century, representing about 9%–13% of total mass loss, according to glacier water balance modelling.

Here, Zhang et al. demonstrate that the microbial metabolite indole-3-propionic acid stimulates production of β-hydroxybutyrate in intestinal cells, in turn activating regenerative stem cells to promote mucosal healing in colitis.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

This study defines tissue- and sex-specific N- and O-glycoproteomes of adult Schistosoma mansoni, uncovers novel and HexA-modified glycans, shows glycosylation is essential for parasite survival, and reveals vaccine candidates as glycoproteins.

This study deciphers an arms race between the infected tomato plant that deploys a ubiquitin-proteasome system to target the viral pathogenic protein, p59. To counter, p59 hijacks the host system to degrade the defence protein SlCAT1 benefitting the virus.

Resistance to KRAS-targeted therapies is a challenge, especially with co-mutations like KEAP1. Here, the authors show that increasing polyamine metabolism enhances KRAS-targeted therapy efficacy but requires also increasing the polyamine-metabolism SAT1 enzyme in KEAP1-mutant context.

Reproduction is influenced by the brain-gonad axis, but how hormones actively control male behavior is unclear. Here, the authors show that in fruit flies, a hormone released from the productive organs increases and sustains sexual drive through a feedback loop with the brain.

The sperm head-to-tail coupling apparatus ensures sperm head-tail integrity, but mechanistic insights remain limited. Here the authors demonstrate that CENTLEIN links and controls the interaction between SUN5 and PMFBP1, indicating that its impairments might be associated with acephalic spermatozoa syndrome.

The deactivation of CO₂ reduction electrocatalyst in microbial media remains a key barrier for hybrid bio-electrochemical systems. Here, the authors present a bioadaptive nickel single atom catalyst that resists organic poisoning to enable high-rate CO-mediated isopropanol production from CO₂.

The cellular makeup of the primate cochlea, crucial for hearing, remains poorly understood. Here, authors show a detailed map of primate cochlear cells, revealing both conserved and species-specific features.

Using single-cell transcriptomics and functional analyses, the authors identify a specialized neural network in the male schistosome gynecophoric canal and show that lsamp maintains its integrity, enabling intersex communication and female reproductive maturation.

Mechanical annealing is a process through which the dislocation density in submicrometre metal crystals can be removed purely by applying a mechanical stress. This study shows that mechanical annealing occurs in body centred cubic molybdenum, and not only in face centred crystals as previously thought.

A self-powered symbiotic transcatheter pacemaker that regenerates energy via electromagnetic induction from the cardiac motion demonstrates a month-long operation in a porcine model of arrhythmia and surpasses the critical energy condition for lifelong service.

The insertion of thin layers of cobalt can stabilize β-tungsten under back-end-of-line thermal constraints, allowing a 64-kb spin–orbit torque magnetic random-access memory to be fabricated that offers a spin–orbit torque switching of 1 ns, data retention of more than 10 years and a tunnelling magnetoresistance of 146%.